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From Complex Organisms to a Complex Organization: An Oral History with UCSC Chancellor M.R.C. Greenwood, 1996-2004
No full textThe Regional History Project conducted this oral history with UCSC Chancellor M.R.C. (Mary Rita Cooke) Greenwood as part of its University History series. Greenwood was appointed as chancellor of UC Santa Cruz in July of 1996 and served until April of 2004. While at UCSC, she also held an appointment as a professor of biology.M.R.C. Greenwood was born in 1943 in Gainesville, Florida. She graduated summa cum laude in biology from Vassar College in 1968, and earned her PhD in physiology, developmental biology, and neurosciences from Rockefeller University in 1973. After graduation, she joined the faculty in human nutrition at Columbia University’s Medical School, where she taught until 1978, when she moved to Vassar College. At Vassar she was the John Guy Vassar Professor of Natural Sciences, chaired the department of biology, and directed the Undergraduate Research Summer Institute. In 1989, Greenwood was hired by the University of California at Davis, where she was professor of nutrition and internal medicine, served as dean of graduate studies, and later vice provost for academic outreach. Her research interests are in developmental cell biology, genetics, neurosciences, physiology, women´s health, nutrition and science, and higher education policy.From November 1993 to May 1995, while on leave from UC Davis, Greenwood served as associate director for science in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy under President Bill Clinton. She spearheaded the creation of two major science policy documents: “Science in the National Interest” and “Meeting the Challenge: Health, Safety, and Food for America.” In addition, she played a leadership role in coordinating interdepartmental and interagency science activities and co-chaired two National Sciences and Technology Council committees.The political savvy she developed in the White House, as well as her experience in the world of government-funded scientific research, was to greatly benefit the UC Santa Cruz campus. Under her leadership, the campus finally established its first professional school, the Jack Baskin School of Engineering, which had been planned since the days of Chancellor Dean McHenry, but cut for budgetary reasons. Her years also saw many other strides forward: the founding of the NSF Center for Adaptive Optics; an increase in the number of academic programs by 52 percent, from 63 to 96, including a 41 percent increase in graduate programs; the building and opening of Colleges Nine and Ten; the hiring of 250 new faculty members; and a doubling of extramural research support. Greenwood’s tenure also saw the construction of nearly one million assignable square feet in academic buildings for the arts, the sciences and engineering; the founding of a UC Silicon Valley Center at Moffett Field; and collaboration with NASA Ames in developing the nation´s first NASA University Affiliated Research Center, the largest competitively awarded contract (1 billion, her leadership has proven advantageous not only to the students at the university, but to the local community as well.” In an editorial, the Santa Cruz Sentinel said, “Relations between the university and the local community have been excellent during her years here—and that hasn’t always been true.”The first part of Greenwood’s tenure took place during affluent years that saw a tech boom in nearby Silicon Valley, but later she encountered the budgetary challenges that continue to undermine the fiscal health of higher education. In her parting email to the campus community she remarked, “Both political pressure and budgetary constraints are making it increasingly difficult for all public universities, even the great ones like UC, to prosper. Whether California will honor the promises of the internationally revered Master Plan for Higher Education is a question we must face.” It was that deep concern for the future of the University of California which inspired Greenwood to accept the position as provost and vice president of academic affairs at the Office of the President, the second highest post in the UC system. She became the highest-ranking woman in the UC administration and the first woman to hold this position. After her time at the UC Office of the President ended, Greenwood became chancellor at the University of Hawaii. Greenwood is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, where she served as president in 1998 and chair in 1999. In 1996, President Clinton nominated her to serve as a member of the National Science Board, a prestigious group comprising the nation’s top twenty-four leaders in science and education, which advises Congress and the President on science policy issues. Her research on the genetic causes of obesity is recognized worldwide and she is the author of numerous scientific publications and presentations
Reduction of Influenza A Virus Prevalence in Pigs at Weaning After Using Custom-Made Influenza Vaccines in the Breeding Herds of an Integrated Swine Farm System
No full textAuthor Contributions:
Conceptualization, J.G.-M., M.T., J.S.P. and M.R.C.; methodology, J.G.-M., J.S., J.A., P.D., M.T., J.S.P. and M.R.C.; formal analysis, J.G.-M., J.S., J.A. and P.D.; investigation, J.G.-M., J.S.P. and M.R.C.; resources, J.G.-M., J.S.P. and M.T.; data curation, J.G.-M., J.S.P. and M.R.C.; writing—original draft preparation, J.G.-M., M.T. and M.R.C.; writing—review and editing, J.G.-M., P.D., M.R.C., J.S., J.A., M.T. and J.S.P.; visualization, J.G.-M., J.A., J.S. and M.R.C.; supervision, M.T.; project administration, M.T.; funding acquisition, M.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Vaccination is a common influenza A virus (IAV) control strategy for pigs. Vaccine efficacy depends on strain cross-protection and effective vaccination program implementation. We evaluated a multi-faceted IAV vaccination strategy which included (a) monthly surveillance of pigs at weaning, (b) selection of epidemiologically relevant strains from farms under surveillance, (c) updating IAV strains in custom-made vaccines, and (d) seasonal mass vaccination with custom-made vaccines given to sows in 35 farrow-to-wean farms within an integrated swine farm system. Reduction of IAV in pigs from vaccinated sows was determined by monthly monitoring of farms for 30 months by IAV rRT-PCR (PCR) testing of nasal wipes collected from litters of piglets at weaning. Hemagglutinin (HA) nucleotide and amino acid (AA) sequence homology of the circulating and vaccine strains was determined by pairwise alignment and AA comparison at antigenic sites. Of the 35 farms monitored, 28 (80%) tested positive at least once, and 481 (5.75%) of 8352 PCR tests were IAV positive. Complete HA sequences were obtained from 54 H1 (22 H1-δ_1B.2.1, 28 H1-γ_1A.3.3.3, and 4 H1-pdm_1A.3.3.2 clades) and 14 H3 (12 IV-A 3.1990.4.1 and 2 IV-B 3.1990.4.2 clades) circulating IAV strains. During the study, custom-made vaccines were updated three times (eight strains total) and administered to sows at five distinct time periods. The HA AA similarity between vaccine and circulating strains ranged from 95% to 99%; however, the 0 to 71% similarity at HA antigenic sites prompted the vaccine updates. Herd IAV prevalence decreased from 40% (14/35) to 2.9% (1/35), accompanied by a numerical reduction in IAV-positive samples post-vaccination. Our results support having a comprehensive approach to controlling influenza in swine herds that includes surveillance, vaccination, and careful program implementation to reduce IAV in pigs.University of MinnesotaDepto. de Sanidad AnimalCentro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET)TRUEpu
DETECÇÃO DE IL‐33 SÉRICA NA ARTRITE REUMATOIDE: ASSOCIAÇÃO NEGATIVA COM SÍNDROME METABÓLICA
No full textBalance In Stroke Patients In The Uniararas Physical Therapy Clinic School [equilíbrio Em Indivíduos Com Acidente Vascular Encefálico: Clínica Escola De Fisioterapia Da Uniararas]
No full textObjective. To describe balance of stroke patients in the UNIA-RARAS Physical Therapy clinic school evaluating the correlation with age and time of lesion. Method. It was an observational study with 22 subjects, both genders, with diagnosis of stroke, ages ranged from 23 to 86 years old. The subjects were submitted to balance evaluation with Berg's Scale of Functional Balance (BSFB), Brazilian version, composed by fourteen tasks. Results. Stroke patients had an average punctuation of 37 points, showing a high risk of falls. There was no significant correlation between the patient's age and time of lesion with BSFB punctuation. Conclusion. This study showed that stroke patients present high risks of falls, independently of age and time of lesion.1711418Calasans, P.A., Alouche, S.R., Correlação entre o nível cognitivo e a independência funcional após AVE. (2004) Rev Bras Fisioter, 8, pp. 105-109Neves RCM, Pires MA. Lesão Encefálica Adquirida in: Fisioterapia: aspectos clínicos e práticos da reabilitação. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas, 2005, 359-82Davies PM. Passos a Seguir: Um manual para o Tratamento da Hemiplegia no Adulto. São Paulo: Manole, 1996, 314pBobath, B., (2001) Hemiplegia em Adultos, , 3a ed. São Paulo: Manole, 209pHorak, F.B., Macpherson, J.M., Postural Orientation and equilibrium (1996) Handbook of physiology, pp. 255-292. , Rowell LB, Sherpherd JT ed, New York: Oxford University PressHay, L., Bard, C., Fleury, M., Teasdale, N., Availability of visual and proprioceptive afferent messages and postural control in elderly adults (1996) Exp Brain Res, 108, pp. 129-139Rietdyk, S., Patla, A.E., Winter, D.A., Ishac, M.G., Litlle, C.E., Balance recovery from medio-lateral perturbations of the upper body during standing (1999) J Biomec, 32, pp. 49-1158Bankoff, A.D.P., Campelo, T.S., Ciol, P., Zamai, C.A., Postura e equilíbrio corporal: Um estudo das relações existentes. (2006) Rev Mov Percep, 6, pp. 55-70Miyamoto, S.T., Lombardi Júnior, I., Berg, K.O., Ramos, L.R., Natour, J., Brazilian version of the Berg balance scale (2004) Braz J Med Biol Res, 37, pp. 1411-1421Mochizuki, L., Amadio, A.C., As funções do controle postural durante a postura ereta. Rev Fisioter (2003), USP ;10:7-15Baraúna, M.A., Duarte, F., Sanchez, H.M., Canto, R.S.T., Maluá, S., Silva, C.D.C., Avaliação do Equilíbrio Estático em Indivíduos Amputados de Membros Inferiores através da Biofotogrametria Computadorizada (2006) Rev Bras Fisioter, 10 (1), pp. 83-90Douglas, C.R., (2002) Tratado de fisiologia aplicada à saúde, , 5a ed. São Paulo: Robe Editorial, 1488pStevenson, T.J., Detecting change in patients with stroke using the Berg Balance Scale (2001) Aust J Physiother, 47, pp. 29-38Oliveira, R., Cacho, E., Walker, A., Borges, G., Post-stroke motor and functional evaluations: A clinical correlation using Fugl-Meyer assessment scale, Berg balance scale and Barthel index (2006) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 64, pp. 731-735André, C., (2006) Manual de AVC, , 2a ed. Rio de Janeiro: Revinter, 250pRodrigues, J.E., Sá, M.S., Alouche, S.R., Perfil dos pacientes acometidos por AVE tratados na clínica escola de fisioterapia da UMESP. (2004) Rev Neurocienc, 12, pp. 117-122Lessa, I., Epidemiologia das doenças cerebrovasculares no Brasil. Rev SOCESP (1999), 9, pp. 509-518Pires, S.L., Gagliardi, R.J., Gorzoni, M.L., Estudo das freqüências dos principais fatores de risco para acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico em idosos. (2004) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 62, pp. 844-851Pittell, J.E.H., Duarte, J.E., Prevalência e padrão de distribuição das doenças cerebrovasculares em 242 idosos, procedentes de um hospital geral, necropsiados em Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais, no período de 1976 a 1997. (2002) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 60, pp. 47-55Falcão, I.V., Carvalho, E.M.F., Barreto, K.M.L., Lessa, F.J.D., Leite, V.M.M., Acidente Vascular Precoce: Implicações para adultos em idade produtiva atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (2004) Rev Bras Saúde Mater Infant, 4, pp. 95-101Carvalho, A.C.C., Oliveira, B.S., Silva, E.M.O., Guimarães, E.A., Análise de apoio plantar em pacientes com Acidente Vascular Encefálico e a relação do equilíbrio estático. (2007) Fisiobrasil, 11, pp. 30-35Karnath, H.O., Ferber, S., Dichgans, J., The neural representation of postural control in humans (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci, 97, pp. 13931-13936Barela, J.A., Jeka, J.J., Clark, J.E., Postural control in children (2003) Exp Brain Res, 150, pp. 434-442Barela, J.A., Estratégias de controle em movimentos complexos: Ciclo percepção-ação no controle postural. (2000) Rev Paul Edu Fís, 3 (SUPL), pp. 79-88Barela, J.A., Godoi, D., Freitas Júnior, P.B.B., Polastri, P.F., Visual Information and body sway coupling in infants during sitting acquisition (2000) Inf Behav Dev, 23, pp. 285-287Barela, J.A., Jeka, J.J., Clark, J.E., The use of somatosensory information during the acquisition of independent upright stance (1999) Inf Beha Dev, 22, pp. 87-102Oie, K.S., Kiemel, T., Jeka, J.J., Multisensory fusion: Simultaneous re-weighting of vision and touch for control of human posture (2002) Cog Brain Res, 14, pp. 164-176Shumway, C.A., Woollacott, H.M., (2003) Controle Motor: Teoria e aplicações práticas, , 2a ed. Sao Paulo: Manole, 592
3-Azatetracyclo[5.2.1.1(5,8).0(1,5)]undecane derivatives: from wild-type inhibitors of the M2 ion channel of influenza A virus to derivatives with potent activity against the V27A mutant
No full textWe have synthesized and characterized a series of compounds containing the 3-azatetracyclo[5.2.1.1(5,8).0(1,5)]undecane scaffold designed as analogues of amantadine, an inhibitor of the M2 proton channel of influenza A virus. Inhibition of the wild-type (WT) M2 channel and the amantadine-resistant A/M2-S31N and A/M2-V27A mutant ion channels were measured in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage clamp (TEV) assays. Most of the novel compounds inhibited the WT ion channel in the low micromolar range. Of note, several compounds inhibited the A/M2 V27A mutant ion channel, one of them with submicromolar IC50. None of the compounds was found to inhibit the S31N mutant ion channel. The antiviral activity of three novel dual WT and A/M2-V27A channels inhibitors was confirmed by influenza virus yield assays.sponsorship: E.T. and S.V. thank the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (FPU fellowship to E.T.; grant CTQ2011-22433 to S.V.) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (grant SCG-2009-294) for financial support. M.R.C. acknowledges a predoctoral grant from the Government of Andorra (ATCR2012/2013-00XX-AND). L.N. acknowledges financial support from the Geconcerteerde Onderzoeksacties (GOA/10/014) and the technical assistance from W. van Dam. W.F.D. acknowledges support from GMS6423 from the NIH. (Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion|CTQ2011-22433, Generalitat de Catalunya|SCG-2009-294, Government of Andorra|ATCR2012/2013-00XX-AND, Geconcerteerde Onderzoeksacties|GOA/10/014, NIH|GMS6423, National Cancer Institute|P30CA060553)status: Publishe
ALINHAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO DE NEGÓCIO E DA TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR DA ACAFE
No full textA tecnologia da informação no meio acadêmico é um instrumento essencial não apenas para o avanço e a difusão do conhecimento, mas também para a gestão. Deste modo, este trabalho teve por objetivo buscar respostas para entendimento de como se dá o alinhamento da estratégia de negócio (EN) com a tecnologia de informação (TI) em Instituições de Ensino Superior do Sistema ACAFE - Associação Catarinense das Fundações Educacionais. Para identificar os fatores de alinhamento foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores de seis IES, envolvendo dimensões dos conceitos de EN e de TI. Em sua grande maioria as IES utilizam a TI apenas para as suas atividades operacionais, tais como sistemas financeiro e acadêmico. Os gestores demonstraram ter um perfil estratégico conservador, não apresentando um mecanismo de monitoramento das mudanças do ambiente externo e do comportamento estratégico das instituições. Também não foi possível estabelecer uma conexão entre a estratégia de negócio das IES e o plano de TI. Portanto, os planos de desenvolvimento das IES pesquisadas não apresentam metas para TI consoante com aquelas apresentadas para negócios
L'exode des jeunes du milieu rural: en quête d'un emploi ou d'un genre de vie
No full textL'auteur rend compte des principales conclusions d'une recherche réalisée auprès de 423 jeunes âgés de 13 à 20 ans et résidant dans la M.R.C. rurale du Haut-St-François, en Estrie. Plus précisément, il discute des différents facteurs associés au désir d'exode des jeunes ; il met en évidence l'existence de deux catégories de facteurs, les uns tenant au marché du travail et les autres relatifs à la quête d'un milieu plus en accord avec le genre de vie recherché. Ces deux catégories de facteurs seraient, selon lui, indissociables dans l'examen du phénomène d'exode des jeunes.The author reports on the main conclusions of a research project involving 423 young people aged 13 to 20, residing in the rural R.C.M. of Haut-St-François, in Estrie. More specifically, he discusses various factors associated with the desire of youth toward rural exodus; he brings to light the existence of two categories of factors, one related to the labour market and the other related to the search for an environment more closely corresponding to the lifestyle sought. These two categories of factors, according to him, are inseparable in the examination of the phenomenon of the youth exodus
Desigualdades en la longevidad de mujeres y hombres mayores de 65 años en España, 2008-2021. El papel de los ingresos por pensiones.
No full textAcknowledgments: We would like to thank the seminar participants at the Independent Authority for Fiscal Responsibility (AIReF, September 2023), and Peter Hall for his help with the English text.
Author Contributions: C.V.M. conceived the study and was in charge of overall direction and planning. M.R.C. and C.V.M. designed the model. J.M.P.S, M.R.C., M.V.M. and C.V.M. verified the analytical methods. J.M.P.S. contributed to sample preparation. J.M.P.S. M.R.C. and M.V.M. designed and performed the computational framework. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the results. M.R.C and C.V.M. wrote the paper with input from all authors. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Studies using pensions and/or pensionable income as proxies for life expectancy are few and far between. This paper looks at Spain, a country for which until recently very little was known about the life expectancy of pensioners by pension income (PI) level. We use a large administrative data set to estimate inequalities in longevity among pensioners grouped according to their PI levels. We present the results for mortality trends among retirement pensioners aged 65 and over for nine rolling windows covering six years each for the period 2008-2021. We find that life expectancy by PI level at ages 65 (LE65) has a positive link with the PI level for both males and females, and this is true for all the periods analysed. The absolute differences in LE65 between pensioners in the highest and the lowest PI groups fluctuate across the nine rolling windows examined. For males, the differences increase from the beginning (2.67 years) until 4.06 years and then tend to decrease (2.83 years). For females there are also fluctuations (between 1.84 and 2.67 years), but the absolute differences are always smaller than those observed for males. Another finding is that socioeconomic inequality in longevity by PI group is lower when measured with M65 than LE65. We also find that the pensioner population seems to have been more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic than the general population and that two groups of pensioners – the lowest PI group of males and the highest PI group of females – appear to have improved their longevity during the pandemic.Los estudios que utilizan la cuantía de la pensión y/o la base reguladora como indicadores de la esperanza de vida son escasos. Este trabajo se centra en España, un país del que hasta hace poco se sabía muy poco sobre la esperanza de vida de los pensionistas según la cuantía de la pensión de jubilación (IP). Se utiliza un amplio conjunto de datos administrativos para estimar las desigualdades en longevidad entre pensionistas agrupados según cuantía de pensión (IP). Se presentan resultados de las tendencias de la mortalidad entre los pensionistas de 65 años o más para nueve ventanas móviles de seis años cada una para el periodo 2008-2021. Se encuentra que la esperanza de vida por cuantía de pensión (IP) a los 65 años (LE65) tiene una relación positiva tanto para hombres como para mujeres, y esto es así para todos los periodos analizados. Las diferencias absolutas en la LE65 entre los pensionistas con mayor y menor cuantía fluctúan a lo largo de las nueve ventanas móviles examinadas. En el caso de los hombres, las diferencias aumentan desde el principio (2,67 años) hasta los 4,06 años y luego tienden a disminuir (2,83 años). En el caso de las mujeres también hay fluctuaciones (entre 1,84 y 2,67 años), pero las diferencias absolutas son siempre menores que las observadas en los hombres. Otra conclusión es que la desigualdad socioeconómica en la longevidad por cuantía (IP) es menor cuando se mide con la moda (M65) que con LE65. También observamos que la población de pensionistas parece haberse visto más afectada por la pandemia de COVID-19 que la población general y que dos grupos de pensionistas -el grupo de varones con menor cuantía y el grupo de mujeres con mayor - parecen haber mejorado su longevidad durante la pandemia.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Eusko JaurlaritzaDepto. de Análisis Económico y Economía CuantitativaInstituto Complutense de Análisis Económico (ICAE)TRUEpu
The impact of the newer knowledge of nutrition: nutrition science and nutrition policy, 1900-1939.
No full textIdeas concerning relationships between diet and health in the UK are
traced from the 1904 Comittee on Physical Deterioration to the outbreak
of World War II. Archive material is used to describe the often
conflicting views of the Medical Research Council and the Ministry of
Health and Board of Education concerning the public health applications
of nutrition science. In particular, the work of the Ministry of
Health's first Advisory Comittee on Nutrition, which was appointed in
1931, is reviewed and evaluated. The debate among public healh
practitioners over the nature, cause and extent of the 'nutrition
problem' is documented and the role in this debate of official dietary
guidelines which appeared during the 1930s, is assessed.
The Impact of the Newer Knowledge of Nutrition on welfare feeding policy
Is evaluated in the context of the official promotion of milk feeding in
schools. In particular, Corry Mann's experimental evidence which was
used to endorse this policy, is reconsidered, and it is shown that the
NRC view that the trial was proof of the presence in milk of a "growth
factor" which produced preferential growth efficiency in adequately fed
children , was in error. From a re-evaluation of the evidence it is
suggested that the experiment merely recorded catch-up growth in a group
of poorly nourished children. The view that there existed an extensive
nutritional problem due to poor quality diets is examined and
challenged.
Both dietary survey data and anthropometric evidence are used to present
the case that there was throughout the period studied a widespread
problem of underfeeding among the poor and that intervention strategies
based on the Newer Knowledge were not an appropriate method of dealing
with this problem. This casts doubts on the widely held view that there
was a need for nutrition education and suggests that the problem was one of poverty rather than Ignorance. Disaggregated anthropometric data
located by the author are analysed according to NCHS standards to assess
the prevalence of underfeeding. Significantly higher prevalences of
stunting than low weight-for-age exist in all data sets; this phenomenon
is considered in detail and low weight-for-age is proposed as the
preferred index of malnutrition in 20th Century historical studies.
Attention is drawn to the relevance of these studies for the current
nutrition and public health debate
