374 research outputs found
Total synthesis of cavicularin and riccardin C: addressing the synthesis of an arene that adopts a boat configuration
No full textA transannular ring contraction induced by the addition of an aryl radical intermediate to a proximal arene facilitated the construction of the highly strained macrocyclic core of cavicularin (1). The precursor, an iodinated derivative of another natural product, riccardin C, was prepared from four commercially available arenes in a highly convergent sequence
MONO(ETA-1-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)SILANES AND BIS(ETA-1-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)SILANES - SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND PROPERTIES
No full textJutzi P, KANNE D, HURSTHOUSE M, HOWES AJ. MONO(ETA-1-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)SILANES AND BIS(ETA-1-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)SILANES - SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND PROPERTIES. CHEMISCHE BERICHTE-RECUEIL. 1988;121(7):1299-1305
The synthesis of a natural product family: from debromoisolaurinterol to the aplysins
No full textTotal syntheses of (+/-)-aplysin 1, (+/-)-debromoaplysin 2, (+/-)-isoaplysin 3, (+/-)-aplysinol 4, (+/-)-debromoaplysinol 5, (+/-)-aplysinal 6, (+/-)-isolaurinterol 7 and (+/-)-debromoisolaurinterol 8 are described. Key features are a diastereoselective, sulfur mediated radical cyclisation of diene 12 to give 35; a new radical to polar crossover sequence mediated by Bu3Sn that transforms diene 12 into (+/-)-debromoisolaurinterol 8; and a series of biomimetic cyclisation and oxidation reactions
A total synthesis of (+/-)-1-desoxyhypnophilin: using ring closing metathesis for the construction of cyclic enones
No full textThe paper describes the first total synthesis of (+/-)-1-desoxyhypnophilin, a linear triquinane isolated from the East African mushroom Lentinus crinitus which displays promising antimicrobial activity. The key strategic feature is a new cyclopentannulation method for appending cycloalkenones onto ketones involving sequential use of a ring closing metathesis reaction with a tertiary allylic alcohol and a PCC induced oxidative rearrangement
Consensus statement on the use of clozapine during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textPublished online on April 3, 2020.
Psychopharmacology for the Clinician.
To be published in vol. 45, no. 4?Dan Siskind, William G. Honer, Scott Clark, Christoph U. Correll, Alkomiet Hasan, Oliver Howes, John M. Kane, Deanna L. Kelly, Robert Laitman, Jimmy Lee, James H. MacCabe, Nick Myles, Jimmi Nielsen, Peter F. Schulte, David Taylor, Helene Verdoux, Amanda Wheeler, Oliver Freudenreic
Music and Dance. volume 53 issue 6, 1962
No full textAdrian Boult (Boult, Adrian, Sir, 1889-1983); Chih Fu-jen; Covent Garden Opera House (Royal Opera House (London, England)); David Simon (Simon, David); Elizabethan Theatre Trust (Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust); Frank Howes (Howes, Frank); Frederick Sharp (Sharp, Frederick, 1911-1988); Harold Rosenthal (Rosenthal, Harold D.); James Penberthy (Penberthy, James, 1917 - 1999); Peter Heyworth (Heyworth, Peter, 1921-); Rennie Simmons (Simmons, Rennie); South Street Competitions (Royal South Street Society (Ballarat, Vic.)); Victorian Council for Musical Education (Victorian Council for Music Education
Brain TSPO imaging and gray matter volume in schizophrenia patients and in people at ultra high risk of psychosis: An [11C]PBR28 study
No full textPatients with schizophrenia show whole brain and cortical gray matter (GM) volume reductions which are progressive early in their illness. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the CNS, phagocytose neurons and synapses. Some post mortem and in vivo studies in schizophrenia show evidence for elevated microglial activation compared to matched controls. However, it is currently unclear how these results relate to changes in cortical structure.METHODS: Fourteen patients with schizophrenia and 14 ultra high risk for psychosis (UHR) subjects alongside two groups of age and genotype matched healthy controls received [(11)C]PBR28 PET scans to index TSPO expression, a marker of microglial activation and a 3T MRI scan. We investigated the relationship between the volume changes of cortical regions and microglial activation in cortical GM (as indexed by [(11)C]PBR28 distribution volume ratio (DVR).RESULTS: The total cortical GM volume was significantly lower in SCZ than the controls [mean (SD)/cm(3): SCZ=448.83 (39.2) and controls=499.6 (59.2) (p=0.02) but not in UHR (mean (SD)=503.06 (57.9) and controls=524.46 (45.3) p=0.3). Regression model fitted the total cortical GM DVR values with the cortical regional volumes in SCZ (r=0.81; p<0.001) and in UHR (r=0.63; p=0.02). We found a significant negative correlation between the TSPO signal and total cortical GM volume in SCZ with the highest absolute correlation coefficient in the right superior-parietal cortex (r=-0.72; p=0.006).CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that microglial activity is related to the altered cortical volume seen in schizophrenia. Longitudinal investigations are required to determine whether microglial activation leads to cortical gray matter loss
The association of psychosocial risk factors for mental health with a brain marker altered by inflammation
No full textPsychiatric disorders associated with psychosocial risk factors, including depression and psychosis, have been shown to demonstrate increased microglia activity. Whilst preclinical studies indicate that psychosocial stress leads to increased levels of microglia in the frontal cortex, no study has yet been performed in humans. This study aimed at investigating whether psychosocial risk factors for depression and/or psychosis would be associated with alterations in a brain marker expressed by microglia, the translocator specific protein (TSPO) in humans. We used [11C]-PBR28 Positron Emission Tomography on healthy subjects exposed to childhood and adulthood psychosocial risk factors (high-risk group, N = 12) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls not exposed to childhood and adulthood psychosocial risk factors (low-risk group, N = 12). The [11C]-PBR28 volume of distribution (VT) and Distribution Volume Ratio (DVR) were measured in the total gray matter, and frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes. Levels of childhood trauma, anxiety and depression were measured using respectively the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, State-anxiety questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory. Compared to the low-risk group, the high-risk group did not exhibit significant differences in the mean [11C]-PBR28 VT (F(1,20) = 1.619, p = 0.218) or DVR (F(1,22) = 0.952, p = 0.340) on any region. There were no significant correlations between the [11C]-PBR28 VT and DVRs in total gray matter and frontal lobe and measures of childhood trauma, anxiety and depression. Psychosocial risk factors for depression and/or psychosis are unlikely to be associated with alterations in [11C]-PBR28 binding, indicating that alterations in TSPO expression reported in these disorders is unlikely to be caused by psychosocial risk factors alone
Project management control utilising innovative forecasting and computerised data bases
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The prime objective of this thesis is to research and develop a new system of project budgeting, monitoring and forecasting to meet the needs of the Construction Industry. It is intended that this work will facilitate the means for more efficient control of projects from inception to final completion, utilising where possible the latest developments in computer technology.
The initial stage of the work involves an investigation and appraisal of existing methods of formulating project budgets. In particular attention is paid to previous work in the development of mathematical 's' curve models, together with their limitations in use and application. Potential for future development is also identified.
The thesis then focuses on the evolution of an improved modelling philosophy for project budgets and forecasts which overcomes previously known problems. In parallel with this work is the development of a computerised system intended to enable the testing of the model against live project data.
The model finally selected is then tested against the extensive research work previously undertaken by the DHSS and the data collected from sixteen construction projects.
To facilitate the development of a suitable control system to act as a vehicle for the application of the principles developed, a contextual survey is included. This survey is intended to provide an update of previous survey work undertaken by the author in 1977 and to further investigate factors orientated specifically to the objectives of the thesis.
The research then concentrates on the development of an integrated set of sub-systems which contribute to the budgeting, monitoring and prediction of project expenditure. These systems are developed in accordance with the need to establish the financial status of projects both before, during and after they are completed. The overall system is based on the latest computer technology available and is designed to be flexible in its application. Tests documented in the text prove that the system operates both in principle and in practice. A further extension of the research is the use of the various project data bases to provide information for a corporate control system which has been developed in principle.
This thesis provides a significant step forward in computerised project budgeting and control utilisng 's' curve philosophy and provides a basis for further development. Potential exists for future development of the prediction and corporate control systems, together with software developments to improve general application over a wide range of industries and disciplines where project work is undertaken
Using conversation topics for predicting therapy outcomes in schizophrenia.
No full textThis article is available from
http://www.la-press.com.
© the author(s), publisher and licensee Libertas Academica Ltd.
This is an open access article published under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC 3.0 license.Previous research shows that aspects of doctor-patient communication in therapy can predict patient symptoms, satisfaction and future adherence to treatment (a significant problem with conditions such as schizophrenia). However, automatic prediction has so far shown success only when based on low-level lexical features, and it is unclear how well these can generalize to new data, or whether their effectiveness is due to their capturing aspects of style, structure or content. Here, we examine the use of topic as a higher-level measure of content, more likely to generalize and to have more explanatory power. Investigations show that while topics predict some important factors such as patient satisfaction and ratings of therapy quality, they lack the full predictive power of lower-level features. For some factors, unsupervised methods produce models comparable to manual annotation
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