14 research outputs found
The Multifaceted Origin of Taurine Cattle Reflected by the Mitochondrial Genome
Get PDFA Neolithic domestication of taurine cattle in the Fertile Crescent from local aurochsen (Bos primigenius) is generally accepted, but a genetic contribution from European aurochsen has been proposed. Here we performed a survey of a large number of taurine cattle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control regions from numerous European breeds confirming the overall clustering within haplogroups (T1, T2 and T3) of Near Eastern ancestry, but also identifying eight mtDNAs (1.3%) that did not fit in haplogroup T. Sequencing of the entire mitochondrial genome showed that four mtDNAs formed a novel branch (haplogroup R) which, after the deep bifurcation that gave rise to the taurine and zebuine lineages, constitutes the earliest known split in the mtDNA phylogeny of B. primigenius. The remaining four mtDNAs were members of the recently discovered haplogroup Q. Phylogeographic data indicate that R mtDNAs were derived from female European aurochsen, possibly in the Italian Peninsula, and sporadically included in domestic herds. In contrast, the available data suggest that Q mtDNAs and T subclades were involved in the same Neolithic event of domestication in the Near East. Thus, the existence of novel (and rare) taurine haplogroups highlights a multifaceted genetic legacy from distinct B. primigenius populations. Taking into account that the maternally transmitted mtDNA tends to underestimate the extent of gene flow from European aurochsen, the detection of the R mtDNAs in autochthonous breeds, some of which are endangered, identifies an unexpected reservoir of genetic variation that should be carefully preserved
Post-mortem renal histopathological findings in 43 COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) deceased in the intensive care unit
No full textSenaculum, or women’s senate in the Historia Augusta – anti-christian discourse or misogyny?
Get PDFW Historia Augusta, zbiorze biografii cesarskich, w których autor przyjął sześć fikcyjnych pseudonimów oraz ukrył czas napisania swojego dzieła, dwukrotnie pojawia się termin senaculum, senat kobiet. Dzieło to jest pełne nieprawdziwych faktów, więc instytucja została najprawdopodobniej wymyślona przez autora. Najczęściej widzi się w niej żart z listów Hieronima lub Nowego Testamentu. Uważam, że należy interpretować te wzmianki przez pryzmat antykobiecych uprzedzeń autora.The Historia Augusta [Augustan History] is a specific collection of imperial biographies, which confirms the fact that its author wrote his work under six fictitious pseudonyms and lied about the time of its creation. It is not obvious when the Historia Augusta exactly was written, but surely after the time indicated by the author. Saneaculum (the Women’s Senate) is mentioned in the Historia Augusta twice, but, as the work is full of false facts, it is likely that the Women’s Senate was made up by the author. Historians most often perceive this institution as a joke referring to the letters of Saint Jerome or the New Testament. In this article, it is shown that mentions about the Saneaculum should rather be interpreted as anti-feminist prejudice of the author of the Historia [email protected] Suski – doktor habilitowany, profesor Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku. Zatrudniony w Instytucie Historii i Nauk Politycznych. Badacz dziejów antyku. Zainteresowania badawcze koncentruje wokół historii późnego Cesarstwa Rzymskiego, kryzysu wieku III, dziejów tetrarchii, historii politycznej, historii mentalności i kultury oraz późnoantycznej historiografii. Popularyzator wiedzy historycznej za pośrednictwem radia, publikacji popularnonaukowych i wykładów dla młodzieży licealnej.Uniwersytet w BiałymstokuAE – L’Année épigraphique, Paris 1888.Cassius, Dion. Historia romana, ed. Ursul Philip Boissevain, Cassii Dionis Cocceiani Historiarum romanarum quae supersunt, Berlin 1885–1901.CIL – Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Berlin 1863.Desau – Hermann Dessau, Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, Berlin 1982–1916.Festus, De verborum significatu, ed. Wallace Martin Lindsay, Sexti Pompei Festi De verborum significatu quae supersunt cum Pauli epitome, Leipzig 1913.Hieronim, Adversus Jovinianum, ed. Luce Robinet, Jerome Adversus Jovinianum, Paris 2004.Hieronim, Epistulae, ed. Jérôme Labourt, Jerome, Correspondance, Paris 1949–1954.Historia Augusta, ed. Ernst Hohl, Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Leipzig 1965.Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, ed. Robert Seymour Conway, Carl Flamstead Walters, T. Livi: ab urbe condita, Oxford 1914–1935.Suetonius, De vita Caesarum, ed. Maximilian Ihm, C. Suetonii Tranquilli opera. Vol. 1. De vita Caesarum libri VIII, Leipzig 1908.Valerius Maximus, Facta et dicta memorabilia, ed. John Briscoe, Valeri Maximi facta et dicta memorabilia, Stuttgart 1998.Zosimos, Historia nova, ed. François Paschoud, Histoire Nouvelle, Paris 1971–1989.Arrizabalaga y Prado, Leonardo. Varian Studies Volume One: Varius, (Cambridge : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017). ISBN 978-1-4438-9864-5.Barnes, Timothy D. The Sources of the Historia Augusta, (Bruxelles : Latomus, 1978). ISBN 2870310056.Benario, Herbert W. „Julia Domna: Mater Senatus et Patriae”, Phoenix, vol. 12, 1958, 67-70.Birley, Anthony. „Rewriting second- and third-century history in late antique Rome: the Historia Augusta”, Classica, vol. 19, 2006, 19-29.Chastagnol, André. Histoire Auguste. Les empereurs romains des IIe et IIIe siècles, (Paris : R. Laffont, 1994). ISBN 9782221057346.Chastagnol, André. „Les femmes dans l’ordre sénatorial: titulature et rang social à Rome”, Revue Historique, fasc. 1(531), 1979, 3-28.Chastagnol, André. Recherches sur l’Histoire Auguste, (Bonn : Habelt Verlag, 1970). ISBN 3774904200.Cracco Ruggini, Lellia. „Elagabalo, Constantino e i culti «Siriaci» nella Historia Augusta”, w: Giorgio Bonamente, François Paschoud (ed.), Historiae Augustae Colloquium Parisinum I, (Bari : Edipuglia, 1991).Donati, Angela. „Sull’iscrizione lanuvina della curia mulierum”, Rivista di storia antica, vol. 1, 1971, 235-237.Elefante, Maria. „A proposito del Senaculum mulierum”, Rendiconti della Accademia di archeologia, lettere e belle arti della Societŕ Nazionale di Scienze Lettere ed Arti di Napoli, vol. 8, 1982, 91-107.Hemelrijk, Emily. Hidden Lives, Public Personae: Women and Civic Life in the Roman West, (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2015). ISBN 9780190251888.Hemelrijk, Emily. Matrona docta, Educated women in the Roman élite from Cornelia to Julia Domna, (London–New York : Routledge, 1999). ISBN 978-0415341271.Icks, Martijn. The crimes of Elagabalus: the life and legacy of Rome’s decadent boy emperor, (London : I.B. Tauris, 2011). ISBN 9781848853621.Kluczek, Agata. „Gallien w Historia Augusta, czyli sordidissimus feminarum omnium”, w: Monika Anna Kubiaczyk, Filip Kubiaczyk (red.), Płeć i władza w kontekstach historycznych i współczesnych, (Gniezno : Instytut Kultury Europejskiej UAM, 2014), 53-70. ISBN 978-83-60251-89-8.Kotula, Tadeusz. „Wiktoria – matka cesarza: rzeczywistość a legenda”, Eos, t. 78, 1990, 361-369. ISSN 0012-7825.Kuhoff, Wolfgang. „Iulia Aug. mater Aug. n. et castrorum et senatus et patriae”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, vol. 97, 1993, 259-271. ISSN 0084-5388.Okoń, Danuta. „Iulia Augusta mater w świetle źródeł epigraficznych”, Przegląd Zachodniopomorski, nr 2, 2012, 7-16. ISSN 0552-4245.Paschoud, François. Histoire Auguste, 4.3: Vies des Trente Tyrans et de Claude, (Paris : Les Belles Lettres, 2011). ISBN 978-2-251-01460-9.Paschoud, François. Histoire Auguste, 5.1: Vies d’Aurélien, Tacite, (Paris : Les Belles Lettres, 1996). ISBN 9782251013954.Paschoud, François. „L’auteur de l’Histoire Auguste est-il un apostat?”, w: François Chausson, Étienne Wolff (ed.), Consuetudinis amor. Fragments d’histoire romaine [IIe–VIe siècles] offerts à Jean-Pierre Callu, (Roma : L’Erma di Bretschneider, 2007), 357-370. ISBN 978-88-82652-16-6.Pasqualini, Anna. „CIL XIV 2120, la curia mulierum di Lanuvio e l’«associazionismo» delle donne romane”, w: Alfredo Buonopane, Francesca Cenerini (ed.), Donna e vita cittadina nella documentazione epigrafica, (Faenza : Stabilimento Grafico Lega, 2005), 259-274. ISBN 978-88-75940-90-4.Platner, Samuel Ball, Ashby, Thomas. A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1929).Pomeroy, Sarah B. Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity, (New York : Schocken Books, 1975). ISBN 0-8052-3562-0.Rohrbacher, David. The Play of Allusion in the Historia Augusta, (Madison : University of Wisconsin Press, 2016). ISBN 9780299306007.Schwartz, Jacques. „Arguments philologiques pour dater l’Histoire Auguste”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, vol. 15, 1966, 454-465. ISSN 0018-2311.Straub, Johannes. „Senaculum, id est mulierum senatus”, Bonner Historia-Augusta-Colloquium, band 5, 1964, (Veröffentlichungsdatum : 1966), 221-240.Suski, Robert. Jowisz, Jahwe, Jezus. Religie w Historia Augusta, (Warszawa : Sub Lupa, 2015). ISBN 978-83-64003-15-8.Syme, Ronald. Emperors and Biography: Studies in the Historia Augusta, (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1971). ISBN 0198143575.Talbert, Richard J.A. The Senate of Imperial Rome, (Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1984). ISBN 9780691102382.Turcan, Robert. Histoire Auguste, 3.1: Vies de Macrin, Diaduménien, Héliogabale, (Paris : Les Belles Lettres, 1993). ISBN 9782251013695.Turcan, Robert. „Heliogabale precurseur de Constantin?”, Bulletin de l’Association Guillaume Budé, no. 47, 1988, 38-52. ISSN 0004-5527.Zinsli, Samuel Christian. „Vari-ations in the Historia Augusta”, w: Leonardo de Arrizabalaga y Prado (ed.), Varian Studies Volume Three: A Varian Symposium, (Cambridge : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017). ISBN 978-1-4438-9576-7.Zinsli, Samuel Christian. Kommentar zur Vita Heliogabali der Historia Augusta, (Bonn : Habelt Verlag, 2014). ISBN 978-3-7749-3856-4.1(6)17418
Corrigendum: The new Italian registry of infantile thrombosis (RITI): a reflection on its journey, challenges and pitfalls
Get PDFIn the published article, there was an error in the appendix. An author name was incorrectly written as Foidaelli Thomas. The correct spelling is Foiadelli Thomas. The correct appendix appears below. – Accorsi Patrizia – Aceto Gabriella – Agnoletti Gabriella – Agostini Manuela – Alfarano Angela – Altieri Elena – Amador Carolina – Antonelli Camilla – Arena Vittoria – Asta Francesca – Baggio Laura – Ballardini Elisa – Baracetti Margherita – Baraldi Eugenio – Barberis Laura – Barisone Elena – Basso Anne Letizia – Battajon Nadia – Bersani Iliana – Biddeci Giada – Biffanti Roberta – Bonardi Claudia Maria – Bonaudo Roberto – Boniver Clementina – Boscarol Gianluca – Bottino Roberto – Bravar Giulia – Brizzi Ilaria – Brolatti Noemi – Braguglia Annabella – Guaragni Brunetta – Bugin Samuela – Calvo Pier Luigi – Capasso Antonella – Capodiferro Donatella – Cappelleri Alessia – Cascarano Maria Teresa – Casellato Susanna – Casini Tommaso – Catarzi Serena – Cavaliere Elena – Cavicchiolo Maria Elena – Celestino Silvia – Celle Maria Elena – Centonze Nicola – Cerutti Alessia – Chakrokh Roksana – Offer Chiara – Chiodin Elisabetta – Chirico Gaetano – Chukhlantseva Natalia – Cifarelli Paola – Cinelli Giulia – Coinu Marisa – Colonna Clara – Comito Donatella – Corato Alessandra – Cordelli Duccio Maria – Crichiutti Giovanni – Cursio Ida – Dagri Arianna – De Maria Beatrice – Del Borrello Giovanni – Di Rienzo Francesca – Doglioni Nicoletta – Dolcemascolo Valentina – Dotta Andrea – Drigo Paola – Drimaco Pietro – Ellero Serena – Falcone Alessandra – Fantauzzi Ambra – Farinasso Daniela – Ferilli Michela – Festa Silvia – Fischer Maximilian – Foiadelli Thomas – Fotzi Ilaria – Francavilla Rosa – Freschi Paola – Gaffuri Marcella – Gallo Elena – Gamalero Lisa – Gandioli Claudia – Garuccio Sergio – Gentile Diletta – Ghionzoli Marco – Giliberti Paola – Greco Filippo – Guariento Chiara – Guidotti Isotta – Iodice Alessandro – Janes Augusta – Laghi Elena – Lampugnani Elisabetta – Lassandro Giuseppe – Laverda Anna Maria – Lazzerotti Alessandra – Lo Tartaro Meragliotta Patrizia – Lombardini Martina – Lorenzon Eleonora – Mainini Nicoletta – Massoud Michela – Materia Valeria – Mattera Raffaele – Mauro Isabella – Melani Federico – Meli Mariaclaudia – Messina Giovanni – Monticone Sonia – Moras Marzia – Negro Ilaria – Olzai Giorgio – Pancani Simone – Pandolfi Maria – Passariello Annalisa – Passarini Alice – Passone Eva – Pastorino Myriam – Pegoraro Veronica – Pennoni Serena – Perilongo Giorgio – Pozzessere Anna – Pruna Dario – Pusiol Anna – Putti Maria Caterina – Rabbone Ivana – Radicioni Maurizio – Renna Salvatore – Ricci Maria Luisa – Rimini Alessandro – Rivellini Sara – Rustioni Gianluca – Salvadori Sabrina – Santoiemma Valentina – Santoro Nicola – Schiavulli Michele – Sebellin Sofia – Sesta Michela – Soffiati Massimo – Sorbo Monica – Spanedda Giuseppina – Stangalini Valeria – Stasolla Salvatore – Tanzi Giorgia – Testa Tiziana – Teutonico Federica – Timpani Giuseppina – Toldo Irene – Trapani Sandra – Vaccari Roberto – Vecchi Marilena – Vento Giovanni – Veraldi Daniele – Villa Giovanna – Visintin Gianluca – Zambelloni Cesare – Zellini Francesco – ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia – Azienda Ospedaliera Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria – Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Di Bari, Bari – Bambin Gesù Children’s Hospital, Roma – Central Teaching Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano – Giannina Gaslini Hospital, Genova – Niguarda Hospital, Milano – Ospedale Civile SS. Annunziata, Sassari – San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza – San Matteo Hospital, Pavia – Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento – ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso – ULSS 8 Berica, Vicenza – University Hospital “Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer”, Firenze – University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino – University Hospital of Modena, Modena – University Hospital of Padova, Padova – University Hospital of Udine, Udine – University Hospital of Verona, Verona – University of Bari, Bari – University of Bologna, Bologna – University of Cagliari, Cagliari – University of Catania, Catania – University of Ferrara, Ferrara – University of Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli – University of Perugia, Perugia The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated
The fuzzy theory and women writers in the late eighteenth century
Get PDF'Fuzzy Theory and Women Writers in the Late Eighteenth Century' contends
that women writers require more careful critical treatment, and suggests that critics
are still bound by the outdated logic of the Law of the Excluded Middle. This law,
first formulated by Aristotle, and developed by Gottfried Leibniz in the early
eighteenth century, indicates that where there are two contradictory prepositions, one
must be true and the other false; a female writer must, therefore, either be feminine or
masculine, conservative or radical. The twentieth century concept of Fuzzy logic,
however, helped mathematicians and engineers to manage reasoning that was only
approximate, rather than exact. Borrowing from this, the thesis will employ the
Fuzzy Set Theory, which permits the gradual assessment of elements in a set, rather
than relying on elements that are assessed in binaric terms (the principle of bivalence,
or, contradiction). Put simply, the Fuzzy Set Theory does away with binaries, the Law
of the Excluded Middle, and the Law of Contradiction, allowing subjects to be
imprecise, and changeable. Thus, each chapter will construct a Fuzzy Set by which a
variety of eighteenth century debates, with which women writers engaged, can be
examined. The thesis will show that all such concepts are subjective and unstable—
changeable and open to personal interpretation, and will discuss such writers as Mary
Wollstonecraft, Catherine Macaulay, Charlotte Smith, Anna Letitia Barbauld, Mary
Hays, Lucy Aikin, Hannah More and Joanna Southcott
Sarah Fielding: Satire and Subversion in the Eighteenth-Century Novel
No full textThis study of Sarah Fielding (1710―68) is an original contribution to Fielding scholarship that has a dual purpose: to support those who are striving to re-introduce her to the modern literary landscape in an effort to restore her eighteenth-century literary standing, and to firmly establish Fielding as an early feminist writer. It is argued here that throughout her oeuvre Fielding challenged prevailing traditions that denied women a choice, particularly in education, employment and marriage. These themes are also considered in the political treatises of Mary Astell (1666―1731) and Mary Wollstonecraft (1759―97), who are now widely recognised as feminist writers.
It is further argued that Fielding’s subversion in fiction of the English patriarchal system is underscored by her unorthodox performance in the literary arena. This is fully explored alongside her use of sentimentalism as a literary tool with which she challenges her seemingly inhumane society. Fielding’s interest in ‘the Labyrinths of the Mind’ (in modern terms, human psychology) will also be addressed as will her placement in the history of feminism and her placement in the sentimental novel tradition. Fielding’s performance as a literary critic will be compared with the few female authors who, like her, dared to publish literary criticism during her writing career. Accordingly, extracts from Fielding’s novels and her two critical pamphlets will be thoroughly examined.
An updated biography of Fielding that is also included here will provide evidence for a further claim, that her fiction is autobiographical in part. A comprehensive account of Fielding’s performance as a literary critic forms the final chapter of this work. It is the first full-length examination of her contribution to the genre and includes an appraisal of her recently unearthed critical pamphlet entitled A Comparison Between the Horace of Corneille and The Roman Father of Mr. Whitehead (1750) that is yet to be formerly attributed to her. Ultimately this study of Fielding will go far beyond what has previously been written about this remarkable eighteenth-century author, particularly regarding her feminist activity
Contemporary theory of metaphor: an analysis of lakoffian echoes in Brazil
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2010Nos últimos trinta anos, a metáfora tem sido observada sob aspectos mais psicológicos e cognitivos, tornando-se objeto de interesse central nas ciências humanas, principalmente na psicologia cognitiva que tem desenvolvido uma grande quantidade de pesquisas dedicadas ao processo de compreensão da metáfora. O objetivo deste estudo é contribuir com um mapeamento das diferentes perspectivas dos pesquisadores brasileiros dedicados à Teoria Contemporânea da Metáfora. Os dados consistem de trezentos e cinco estudos empíricos publicados entre 1998 e março, 2010. A análise mostra que (1) São Paulo foi o estado brasileiro mais frutífero a desenvolver pesquisas no tema e PUC-SP foi a universidade com o maior número de publicações, seguida pela UFJF e a UFSC. Também o GEIM - Grupo de Estudos da Indeterminação e da Metáfora - demonstrou ser o grupo de pesquisa com contribuições mais significantes para o campo; (2) a maioria dos estudos foi conduzida em português como língua materna - principalmente os baseados em Lingüística de Corpus; (3) a investigação brasileira tem sido conduzida de forma qualitativa e possui abundantes pesquisas etnográficas e de ação; (4) há uma tendência em favor do uso da metodologia de Lingüística de Corpus com ênfase no uso das ferramentas fornecidas pelos Laboratórios de língua brasileiros; (5) existe um leque de investigadores que têm observado a metáfora conceitual sob uma perspectiva mais filosófica e semântica; (6) a maioria dos pesquisadores selecionados neste estudo analisaram a indeterminação de significados na língua (real) em uso; (7) Metaphors we live by (Lakoff & Johnson 1980) e sua tradução ao português - pelo GEIM - demonstrou ser indispensável na literatura brasileira. Resultados gerais sugerem que Brasil é um campo fértil e tem explorado a abordagem Lakoffiana da metáfora nas mais diversas áreas de estudo
The fellowship of St.Diogo : new Christian judaisers in Coimbra in the early 17th century
Get PDFDr Antonio Homem was a respected teacher in the University of Coimbra, a Canon in the Cathedral and an illustrious scholar. He was also the heir of a long Jewish family tradition. His great-great-grand father lived and died as a Jew. His great-grandfather, his grandmother and two of his uncles were among his relatives to have been sentenced
as judaisers by the Inquisition. His own father kept the Law of Moses, and taught it to all his children, without the knowledge of his wife, an Old Christian of noble lineage.
His concern for the situation of the New Christians in Portugal eventually made him build up a congregation of judaisers, which he called the Fellowship of St Diogo as a tribute to a Capuchin friar who had been executed a few years earlier as an apostate and defender of the Jewish Law. His congregation grew to include over sixty people,
including clerics, physicians, lawyers and students, as well as merchants and farmers. Its leader gave it a corpus of doctrine and eventually a distinctive liturgy, which showed influence from the Catholic Church. The Fellowship also inspired the creation of judaiser conventicles
in three major Monasteries in the Coimbra district, where a relatively large number of nuns held cult meetings and paid homage to Friar Diogo as a martyr of the Law of Moses.
After several years of activity, the Fellowship was investigated and dismantled by the Inquisition. Most of its members were arrested and sentenced. Dr AntOnio Homem was himself taken into custody, charged with heresy and apostasy, as well as sodomy (he was a known paederast), and finally handed over to the secular arm for execution.
His dream of building up a judaiser community in Coimbra was shattered. The Fellowship members who survived either left the country and joined the orthodox Jewish communities in the Netherlands and elsewhere, or stayed in Portugal and gradually lost their Jewish consciousness. Descendants
of some of them can still be found near Coimbra
Dona i literatura en els anys trenta: la narrativa de les escriptores catalanes fins a la guerra civil
Get PDFAquesta tesi s’inicia amb una panoràmica de la literatura d’autora a la Catalunya dels anys vint i trenta del segle XX, en la qual s’emmarquen seguidament, en un doble zoom expositiu, tant l’estudi de l’obra narrativa i la recepció crítica de sis de les set principals novel·listes del període com el repàs de la trajectòria completa de la setena i més important, Mercè Rodoreda.
En la primera part, la dialèctica fonamental entre tradició i modernitat i l’accés generalitzat de la dona al consum i a la producció culturals, en el context específic del nostre país, constitueixen el teló de fons sobre el qual es descriu el mapa que dibuixen un sector puixant del públic (l’anomenat públic femení) i un nombre considerable d’escriptores, l’activitat de les quals resulta impactant: més de sis centenars de dones conreen tots els àmbits genèrics (poesia, traducció, literatura infantil, teatre i prosa), i estenen la seva activitat cap als espais del periodisme, les conferències, les associacions i entitats, l’acció social o la militància política. Les dades quantitatives es combinen amb la reflexió entorn d’alguns aspectes especialment rellevants (el concepte de feminisme ben entès, la creació d’una tradició femenina, el debat entorn de l’art i la moral, etc.) per exposar els components fonamentals d’aquest fenomen complex i suggerir vies de recerca en relació amb aquesta part poc coneguda de la literatura catalana contemporània.
En la segona part, s’analitzen els contes i les novel·les de Maria Teresa Vernet, Carme Montoriol, Rosa Maria Arquimbau, Anna Murià, Elvira Augusta Lewi i Aurora Bertrana; la qüestió de la condició femenina és l’eix central d’un seguiment diacrònic que se centra en les quatre primeres i considera les dues darreres com a casos especials dins del grup. Els coms i els perquès del reconeixement i la valoració amb què van comptar totes, al costat dels textos, proven que aquestes autores són responsables de la producció incipient d’una novel·la femenina moderna (en el sentit d’encarada a la nova problemàtica de les dones catalanes del segle XX) i que la seva promoció tenia un sentit estratègic clar. Els relats, la recepció que van tenir i les figures mateixes de les escriptores configuren un entramat polièdric situat al cor de l’esforç per modernitzar la realitat social, cultural i literària de Catalunya, equiparar-la amb Europa i fer realitat un determinat projecte de país. Aquest entramat ens parla, així mateix, de les profundes transformacions que estaven afectant la condició de la dona en un món que, obert a les novetats, es resistia alhora a desfer-se dels valors de sempre.
En la tercera part, el repàs minuciós de l’etapa inicial de la carrera de Rodoreda demostra la manera com les bases de la seva literatura es perfilen i s’assenten en aquests anys. El relleu d’aquesta escriptora ve donat per una categoria que es manifesta des del principi malgrat les marrades i els productes no aconseguits. Des del compromís profund amb el propi temps, l’autora busca una via literària efectiva sobretot a través de la novel·lística (en la pràctica simultània del gènere i la seva paròdia, des de l’enllaç amb la tradició i entroncant amb la modernitat); però la seva recerca, alhora, pren un nombre considerable de formes i es manifesta en àmbits complementaris en la mesura que respon tant a uns certs plantejaments personals com a unes necessitats compartides, a un determinat context cultural. Al costat de les seves quatre primeres novel·les, així, hi ha el conte, el teatre, la literatura infantil, l’assaig, la crítica el periodisme i les entitats. Aloma, acabada el 1936 i tota una fita col·lectiva, esdevé el corol·lari d’un periple primigeni sense el qual no s’explica el que vindria després.This thesis begins with an overview of the Catalan literary production of women between the 20's and the 30's. It then goes through an analysis of the narratives of six of seven outstanding novelists and their critical reception. Finally, it ends up with a complete review of the career of the seventh and most important writer Mercè Rodoreda.
In the first part, the fundamental dialectic between tradition and modernity as well as the general access of women in the cultural production and consumption in the specific context of our country, provides the necessary background to describe the map and the situation of an increasing amount of public (female audience) and a considerable number of writers, whose activities shock: more than six hundred women cultivate all genres (poetry, translation, children's literature, theater and prose) and they extend their activities towards other areas like journalism, participating in conferences, creating associations and doing militancy in social or political actions. The quantitative data are combined with the reflection of some relevant aspects (understanding the concept of feminism, the creation of a female literary tradition and a debate about art and morality, etc.) to expose the fundamental components this complex phenomenon and to suggest new lines of research of this unknown chapter of the contemporary Catalan literature.
The second part examines the narratives of Maria Teresa Vernet, Carmen Montoriol, Rosa Maria Arquimbau, Anna Murià, Elvira Augusta Lewi and Aurora Bertrana. The female condition is the main question of this diachronic analysis. These authors are responsible for the emerging female literary production due to their recognition. Moreover their promotion had a clear strategic direction. Their stories, the way they were received by the public and the writers themselves represent the effort to modernize the social, cultural and literary reality in Catalonia, as a response to a specific national project, which also aimed to be like some other European realities. This framework also shows the deep changes that were affecting women in a versatile world, opened to new opportunities but stuck to traditional values.
The third and final part is a review of the first stage of Rodoreda's career as a writer. It shows how the basis of her corpus are built over these years. From the beginning the author seeks a commitment with her time especially through the novels (the genre and their parody as well as the link between the tradition and modernity). However her research also takes a considerable number of forms and answers to certain approaches to personal needs and the specific cultural context. Beside her first four novels, she also wrote other genres like tales, theater, children's literature, essays, criticism and journalism. Her novel Aloma, completed in 1936, represents a milestone for what she published afterwards
Dona i literatura en els anys trenta : la narrativa de les escriptores catalanes fins a la Guerra Civil
Get PDFDescripció del recurs: el 28-10-2011Aquesta tesi s'inicia amb una panoràmica de la literatura d'autora a la Catalunya dels anys vint i trenta del segle XX, en la qual s'emmarquen seguidament, en un doble zoom expositiu, tant l'estudi de l'obra narrativa i la recepció crítica de sis de les set principals novel·listes del període com el repàs de la trajectòria completa de la setena i més important, Mercè Rodoreda. En la primera part, la dialèctica fonamental entre tradició i modernitat i l'accés generalitzat de la dona al consum i a la producció culturals, en el context específic del nostre país, constitueixen el teló de fons sobre el qual es descriu el mapa que dibuixen un sector puixant del públic (l'anomenat públic femení) i un nombre considerable d'escriptores, l'activitat de les quals resulta impactant: més de sis centenars de dones conreen tots els àmbits genèrics (poesia, traducció, literatura infantil, teatre i prosa), i estenen la seva activitat cap als espais del periodisme, les conferències, les associacions i entitats, l'acció social o la militància política. Les dades quantitatives es combinen amb la reflexió entorn d'alguns aspectes especialment rellevants (el concepte de feminisme ben entès, la creació d'una tradició femenina, el debat entorn de l'art i la moral, etc.) per exposar els components fonamentals d'aquest fenomen complex i suggerir vies de recerca en relació amb aquesta part poc coneguda de la literatura catalana contemporània. En la segona part, s'analitzen els contes i les novel·les de Maria Teresa Vernet, Carme Montoriol, Rosa Maria Arquimbau, Anna Murià, Elvira Augusta Lewi i Aurora Bertrana; la qüestió de la condició femenina és l'eix central d'un seguiment diacrònic que se centra en les quatre primeres i considera les dues darreres com a casos especials dins del grup. Els coms i els perquès del reconeixement i la valoració amb què van comptar totes, al costat dels textos, proven que aquestes autores són responsables de la producció incipient d'una novel·la femenina moderna (en el sentit d'encarada a la nova problemàtica de les dones catalanes del segle XX) i que la seva promoció tenia un sentit estratègic clar. Els relats, la recepció que van tenir i les figures mateixes de les escriptores configuren un entramat polièdric situat al cor de l'esforç per modernitzar la realitat social, cultural i literària de Catalunya, equiparar-la amb Europa i fer realitat un determinat projecte de país. Aquest entramat ens parla, així mateix, de les profundes transformacions que estaven afectant la condició de la dona en un món que, obert a les novetats, es resistia alhora a desfer-se dels valors de sempre. En la tercera part, el repàs minuciós de l'etapa inicial de la carrera de Rodoreda demostra la manera com les bases de la seva literatura es perfilen i s'assenten en aquests anys. El relleu d'aquesta escriptora ve donat per una categoria que es manifesta des del principi malgrat les marrades i els productes no aconseguits. Des del compromís profund amb el propi temps, l'autora busca una via literària efectiva sobretot a través de la novel·lística (en la pràctica simultània del gènere i la seva paròdia, des de l'enllaç amb la tradició i entroncant amb la modernitat); però la seva recerca, alhora, pren un nombre considerable de formes i es manifesta en àmbits complementaris en la mesura que respon tant a uns certs plantejaments personals com a unes necessitats compartides, a un determinat context cultural. Al costat de les seves quatre primeres novel·les, així, hi ha el conte, el teatre, la literatura infantil, l'assaig, la crítica el periodisme i les entitats. Aloma, acabada el 1936 i tota una fita col·lectiva, esdevé el corol·lari d'un periple primigeni sense el qual no s'explica el que vindria després.This thesis begins with an overview of the Catalan literary production of women between the 20's and the 30's. It then goes through an analysis of the narratives of six of seven outstanding novelists and their critical reception. Finally, it ends up with a complete review of the career of the seventh and most important writer Mercè Rodoreda. In the first part, the fundamental dialectic between tradition and modernity as well as the general access of women in the cultural production and consumption in the specific context of our country, provides the necessary background to describe the map and the situation of an increasing amount of public (female audience) and a considerable number of writers, whose activities shock: more than six hundred women cultivate all genres (poetry, translation, children's literature, theater and prose) and they extend their activities towards other areas like journalism, participating in conferences, creating associations and doing militancy in social or political actions. The quantitative data are combined with the reflection of some relevant aspects (understanding the concept of feminism, the creation of a female literary tradition and a debate about art and morality, etc.) to expose the fundamental components this complex phenomenon and to suggest new lines of research of this unknown chapter of the contemporary Catalan literature. The second part examines the narratives of Maria Teresa Vernet, Carmen Montoriol, Rosa Maria Arquimbau, Anna Murià, Elvira Augusta Lewi and Aurora Bertrana. The female condition is the main question of this diachronic analysis. These authors are responsible for the emerging female literary production due to their recognition. Moreover their promotion had a clear strategic direction. Their stories, the way they were received by the public and the writers themselves represent the effort to modernize the social, cultural and literary reality in Catalonia, as a response to a specific national project, which also aimed to be like some other European realities. This framework also shows the deep changes that were affecting women in a versatile world, opened to new opportunities but stuck to traditional values. The third and final part is a review of the first stage of Rodoreda's career as a writer. It shows how the basis of her corpus are built over these years. From the beginning the author seeks a commitment with her time especially through the novels (the genre and their parody as well as the link between the tradition and modernity). However her research also takes a considerable number of forms and answers to certain approaches to personal needs and the specific cultural context. Beside her first four novels, she also wrote other genres like tales, theater, children's literature, essays, criticism and journalism. Her novel Aloma, completed in 1936, represents a milestone for what she published afterwards
