2,073 research outputs found
Five Years of Constitutional Jurisprudence in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A First Balance. EDAP 7/2004
No full textThe article reflects the experiences of the author after having served as one of the three international judges of the Constitutional Court of BiH from 1997 to 2002. Based on the relevant case-law of the Constitutional Court it gives a basic overview of the constitutional structure of BiH and analyses the position of the Court vis-à-vis other institutions established under the Dayton-Agreement and the powers of judicial review and human rights protection based on its appellate jurisdiction. Moreover means of interpretation and the elements of constitutional doctrine elaborated through case-law as well as organisational and procedural matters such as the role of dissenting opinions are discussed. In conclusion the article reflects the role of the Constitutional Court in transition from an ethnically divided and war-torn society to democracy and the effective protection of human and minority rights
(In)Visible Hand(s)
No full textIn this paper, the author discusses the regulatory role of the state and legal norms, in market economy, especially in so-called transition countries. Legal policy, and other questions of the state and free market economy are here closely connected, because the state must ensure with legal norms that economic processes are not interrupted: only the state can establish the legal basis for a market economy. The free market’s invisible hand is acting in questions such as: what is to be produced, how much is to be produced, for whom it is to be produced, how it is to be produced. During the transition period but also in the establishnig EU, the role of legal norms is much more important then it (is) would be expected: problems of transition are more connected with ethics and psychology, then with legislation.Law and economics, legal norms, (de)regulation, State
Foundations of the law on industrial organisations in Russia and the former republics of the USSR: 1985-1990
No full textThe industrial organisations introduced into the law of the USSR from 1987, and thereafter
into the law of the former republics, developed upon a foundation that was rooted in Soviet
law and was constructed during the period from 1985 to mid-1990.
While this study focuses on the industrial economy, certain aspects of the agrarian economy,
and in particular the early history and structure of the collective farm, are considered where
appropriate.
The thesis presents an entirely new understanding both of the nature of these developments
and of the significance of the law on ownership. The foundations of the law on industrial
organisations are conceptualised within specific heuristic models which are elaborated in an
attempt to consolidate and highlight the key steps in this history. It is argued that Soviet law
did not contain a concept of the "generic owner" or a developed understanding of the
ownership of a juridical person, in particular by multiple owners holding "ownership
interests" of that juridical person; and that their absence critically impaired a rational and
coherent structure for the foundations of the law on industrial organisations both within the
Stalin economic settlement and the new economic constitution of 1990
BITNE ZNAČAJKE HRVATSKOG AUTORSKOG PRAVA : Završni rad
No full textAutorsko pravo je zakonsko pravo stvoreno zakonom zemlje koja autoru originalnog djela daje ekskluzivna prava za upotrebu i distribuciju njegovog autorskog djela, večinom u ograničenom vremenu samo. Predmet zaštite autorskog prava je autorsko djelo. Autorsko djelo je originalno, intelektualno ostvarenje iz književnog, umjetničkog i znanstvenog područja, koje ima individualni karakter i koje je na neki način izraženo. Autorom smatramo svaku fizičku ili pravnu osobu koje je stvorila autorsko djelo, te činom stvaranja, autoru pripadaju autorska prava. Autorska prava nalažu da se autorskim djelom primarno može koristiti samo originalni autor djela, osim u posebnim situacijama poput koautorstva, prepisivanja autorskih prava, ukljućivanja treće strane itd. Trajanje autorskih prava je u većini zemalja 70 godina nakon smrti autora, uz nekoliko iznimaka vezano uz propise pojedine države ili ako se radi o određenoj vrsti autorskog djela poput filma. Autorsko pravo se sastoji od moralnog, imovinskog, srodnih i drugih prava, kako bi se lakše utvrdila prava koja autor uživa, ili kako bi se preglednije utvrdila povreda autorskih prava ako do iste dođe. Također dolazi i do povrede autorskih prava, u situacijama korištenja autorskog djela suprotno pravilima iz ZAPSP-a. U velikom broju slučajeva, obično se radi o korištenju djela bez prethodnog pristanka nositelja prava, ili bez plaćanja autoru naknade za korištenje njegovog djela. Te u modernom dobu, veoma je čest slučaj kršenja autorskih prava putem interneta (skidanje filmova, dokumenata, glazbe itd. putem ilegalnih internetskih kanala). Zakon osim što determinira stavke koje se smatraju povredom zakona također određuje i odredbe prekršajne za pojedince koji su uhvaćeni pri kršenju autorskih prava. Zakon ujedno nalaže i područje primjene zakona, točnije tko sve podlježe zaštiti zakonskih propisa Republike Hrvatske vezane za autorska prava.Copyright is a legal right created by the law of the country which gives the author of the original work exclusive rights to use and distribute his work, but in a limited time only. The author's work is an original, intellectual achievement from a literary, artistic and scientific area, which has an individual character and is expressed in some way. By author we consider any natural or legal person who created the author's work, and with the act of creation, the author belongs to the copyright law. Copyright law claims that copyright works may only be used primarily by the original author of the work, except in special situations such as co-authorship, transfer of copyrights, third party involvement etc. Copyright in most countries is 70 years after the death of the author, with a few exceptions to the regulations of a particular country or a certain type of work, such as a movies. Copyright consists of moral, property, related and other rights in order to ascertain the rights that the author enjoys, or to determine more clearly the copyright infringement if it occurs. There is also a violation of copyright, in the use of copyright works contrary to the ZAPSP rules. In a large number of cases, it is usually the use of a work without the prior consent of the right-holder, or without paying the author a fee for the use of his work. In the modern age, it is a very common case of copyright infringement through the Internet (downloading movies, documents, music, etc. via illegal internet channels). The law, apart from determining what constitutes a violation of the law, also defines misdemeanor provisions for individuals caught in a copyright infringement. The law also stipulates the scope of application of the law, more precisely, who is all under the protection of the copyright laws of the Republic of Croatia related to copyrights
ODNOS MEĐUNARODNOG I UNUTRAŠNJEG PRAVA
No full textThe paper has three parts. The first is called “Classical Conceptions”. It is a brief review of the most famous approaches, including turning attention to their weaknesses. Unlike most writers, who almost all theories divide to dualistic and monistic (provided that in the latter on the are the two different directions), the author identifies four approaches: 1) the primacy of municipal law, 2) dualism, 3) the primacy of international law, 4) pluralism. He specifically points to the historical context of these concepts ie. that they met the specific needs of the times in which they occurred. But in the meantime, the reality is radically changed.
The second part is called “The Most Important Issues in Respect to the Relationship Between International and Municipal Law in Our Time.” Here the author tries to highlight the issue in question through the answers to four basic questions: 1) what is the impact of domestic and municipal law on each other (the problem of interaction), 2) whether the norms of international law and the municipal law are part of one single legal system (connection problem); 3) which norms (internal or municipal) in the event of a conflict prevail (or legal power problem i.e. hierarchy of norms), and 4) the problem of how to link domestic and municipal law. Finally, in the concluding remarks, the author notes, among other things, that the relation between international and municipal law is not limited to the question of primacy; that this relation should be distinguished from the mechanisms of introduction of international law in domestic law; and that in our time we are witnesses o of growing primacy of international law.
The author ends his work by noting that a dispute over the primacy of international or national law is in fact unnecessary. According to him, intense discussions on the relation between international and municipal law in more than 100 years, have not yielded any tangible practical results, and in fact were nothing more then the sheer sophistry of legal theorists.
Although they may be interesting from the point of municipal law or general legal theory, they are not, or in any case they are much and much less interesting from the standpoint of international law.Rad ima tri dela. U prvom je dat kratak prikaz osnovnih polazišta, ali i slabosti najpoznatijih pristupa koji se tiču odnosa međunarodnog i unutrašnjeg prava. Za razliku od većine pisaca, koji uglavnom sve teorije dele na dualističku i monističku (s tim da u okviru ove druge razlikuju dva pravca) autor izdvaja četiri pristupa: 1) primat unutrašnjeg prava, 2) dualizam, 3) primat međunarodnog prava, 4) pluralizam. On posebno ukazuje na istorijski kontekst ovih koncepcija tj. da su one zadovoljavale određene potrebe vremena u kome su se javile.
U drugom delu rada, autor je pokušao da osvetli problem o kojem je reč kroz odgovore na četiri osnovna pitanja: 1) kakav je uticaj unutraš- njeg prava na međunarodno i obnuto; 2) da li su norme međunarodnog i unutrašnjeg prava deo jednog pravnog sistema; 3) koje norme (međunarodne ili unutrašnje) imaju u slučaju sukoba jaču pravnu snagu i 4) problem načina povezivanja unutrašnjeg i međunarodnog prava.
U zaključnim razmatranjima, autor ponavlja najvažnije opšte zaključke - da se odnos međunarodnog i unutrašnjeg prava ne svodi samo na pitanje primata; da taj odnos treba razlikovati od mehanizama unošenja međunarodnog prava u unutrašnje; da je u naše vreme sve izraženiji pri mat međunarodnog prava. Na samom kraju on konstatuje da je čitav spor oko primata međunarodnog ili unutrašnjeg prava zapravo nepotreban. Po njemu, rasprave o odnosu međunarodnog i unutrašnjeg prava mogu biti zanimljive sa pozicija unutrašnjeg prava država odn. opšte pravne teorije, ali nisu, ili u svakom slučaju sve manje su, interesantne sa stanovišta međunarodnog prava. Ključne reči: međunarodno pravo, unutrašnje pravo, monizam, dualizam, doktrina
Temeljna načela prava Unije
No full textPrispevek utemeljuje ustavnopravni pristop k proučevanju prava Evropske unije. Ob tem daje avtor posebni pomen temeljnim načelom ustavnega reda EU in pojasnjuje njihove razsežnosti, temelje ter naloge. Pravna načela imajo pomembno vlogo pri urejanju pravnega gradiva v smiselno celoto. Takšno urejanje avtor poimenuje kot pravnodogmatični konstruktivizem. Pri uporabi prava služijo načela kot argumentacijske figure. Z njihovo pomočjo se ohranja in razvija pravna podstat. Razprava pojasni tudi povezovalne vidike načel ter njihov ustavnopravni značaj, ponazori njihov posebni pomen za utemeljitev enotnosti prava Unije z ozirom na njegovo razdrobljenost ter delitev njegovih temeljev na dve pogodbi.This article provides the groundwork for the constitutional law approach to EU legal scholarship. The author stresses the special role of the basic principles of the EU legal order, explaining their dimensions, foundations and their functions. First of all, legal principles play a special role in ordering the legal material into a meaningful whole, a function the author entitles doctrinal constructivism. Furthermore, they can supply arguments for the creative application of the law and can at the same time help to maintain and further legal infrastructure. The author also explains their legal and integrative aspects and their constitutional characteristics and illustrates their significance for establishing unity of EU law in light of heterogeneous primary law. The article has previously been published in German (Europarecht (2009/6, 749-768) and English (European Law Journal 16 (2010), 95-111). Its Slovenian translation, published here in Revus, was made by Maja Smrkolj
Ekonomska analiza prava in distributivna pravičnost
No full textEconomic analysis of law and distributive justice. The author examines certain aspects of the relationship between law and economics as an interdisciplinary study and distributive justice as a problem of legal philosophy. The author tries to define certain connections between the problems of distributive justice and the economic analysis of law by examining the Coase theorem. The goal is to point out how some theories of law and economics directly or indirectly touch the subject of distributive justice. It is through this that the limitations of law and economics become evident. It is the author\u27s opinion that law and economics form a subsidiary study that can provide mainly a secondary analysis of legal norms from the viewpoint of their efficiency. Therefore law and economics cannot substitute legal philosophy which should remain the primary focus when forming the legal system as well as through the process of adoption and use of legal norms.
Povzetek. Članek obravnava nekatere povezave med ekonomsko analizo prava, ki kot interdisciplinarna veda preučuje pravne norme z vidika ekonomske teorije, in vprašanjem distributivne pravičnosti, ki jo umeščamo na področje filozofije prava. Avtor poskuša definirati nekatere stične točke med problemi distributivne pravičnosti in teorijami ekonomske analize prava na primeru Coasovega teorema in pri tem opozoriti, kako se nekatere teorije ekonomske analize prava posredno ali neposredno dotikajo vprašanj distribucije dobrin in bremen v družbi. Namen avtorja je opozoriti ne nektere omejitve ekonomske analize prava. Po avtorjevem mnenju je namen ekonomske analize prava kot pomožne vede zlasti sekundarna analiza pravnih norm z vidika njihove učinkovitosti, zato ekonomska analiza prava ne more nadomestiti ukvarjanja s pravno filozofskimi problemi, ki morajo biti v ospredju pri ustvarjanju pravnega sistema ter sprejemanju in uporabi pravnih norm
OBLICI PRAVA VLASNIŠTVA
No full textU ovom završnom radu pod nazivom „Oblici prava vlasništva“ autor će objasniti pojam te raspodjelu oblika prava vlasništva. Oblici prava vlasništva su individualno vlasništvo, suvlasništvo, zajedničko ili skupno vlasništvo, te vlasništvo posebnog dijela nekretnine odnosno etažno vlasništvo. Objasnit će se prava, ovlasti i obveze u navedenim oblicima vlasništva, te kako određeno vlasništvo utječe na druge osobe i na samu zajednicu. U radu će se analizirat kada se određeno vlasništvo može uspostaviti, a kada i uz koje pretpostavke može nastupiti prestanak vlasništva. Utjecaji prava vlasništva najbolje će se razumjeti kroz primjere koji će se dodatno pojasniti u radu. Pravo vlasništva je vrlo značajan institut građanskog prava koji uređuje društvene i gospodarske odnose kako bi se nesmetano uspostavila vlast nad stvari uz poštivanje svih prava i zakonskih ograničenja.This bachelor’s thesis entitled "Forms of Property Rights", the author will present the concept and distribution of forms of property rights. The forms of property rights are divided into individual ownership, co-ownership, joint or collective ownership, and ownership of a separate part of real property, or condominium ownership. This thesis explains the rights, powers and obligations in the aforementioned forms of ownership, and how certain ownership affects other people and the community itself. The thesis will analyze when certain ownership can be established, and when and with what assumptions the termination of ownership can occur. The effects of property rights will be best understood through examples that will be further explained in the thesis. The right of ownership is an important civil law principle that regulates social and economic relations in order to establish – without hindrance – the authority over a thing while respecting all rights and legal restrictions
KULTURNA PRAVA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI – TRENUTNO STANJE I PERSPEKTIVE
No full textCultural rights are one of the least developed groups of human rights. It is very controversial which rights are included in cultural rights. However, despite their vagueness, their importance is increasing today. It is considered that cultural rights serve to advance the discourse in which we explore, negotiate and come to a new intercultural understanding. So, their idea is based on the improvement of society itself and relations in society.
This paper analyzes the international and constitutional legal aspects of the cultural rights. In the introduction, the author points out the historical circumstances that influenced the development of this type of human rights. Then it analyzes the status of cultural rights in international law, with a special focus on the most important international documents. After that a normative analysis of cultural rights in the Republic of Serbia is carried out. Apart from the constitutional regulations, the importance of certain laws that have developed cultural rights has also been pointed out. In the end, the author points to the problems that cultural rights encounter in practice.Kulturna prava predstavljaju jednu od najmanje razvijenih grupa ljudskih prava. Vrlo je sporno koja se sve prava ubrajaju u kulturna prava. Međutim, i pored svoje neodređenosti, njihov značaj je danas sve veći. Smatra se da kulturna prava služe za unapređivanje diskursa u kojem istražujemo, pregovaramo i dolazimo do novog međukulturnog razumevanja. Dakle, njihova ideja se zasniva na unapređivanju društva i odnosa u društvu.
Ovaj rad je posvećen međunarodnopravnoj i ustavnopravnoj analizi kulturnih prava. U uvodu, autor ističe istorijske okolnosti koje su uticale na razvoj ove vrste ljudskih prava. Potom se detaljno analizira status kulturnih prava u međunarodnom pravu, sa posebnim osvrtom na najznačajnije međunarodne akte koji se bave ovim pitanjem. Zatim se vrši normativna analiza kulturnih prava u ustavnom sistemu Republike Srbije. Osim ustavne regulative, ukazan je i značaj pojedinih zakonskih rešenja koja su detaljno razradila pojedine ustavne norme vezane za kulturna prava. Na kraju, autor ukazuje na probleme sa kojima se kulturna prava susreću u praksi
IZAZOVI RECEPCIJE PRAVA EVROPSKE UNIJE - PRIMER KORPORATIVNOG PRAVA U SRBIJI
No full textIn this paper the author examines the consequences of the law reception process on Serbian corporate law. Cases of law reception are not rarely recorded occurrence in domestic legislative activity. Reasons for that are multiple, and they are also becoming more and more justified if one has in mind the need for fast harmonization of Serbian law with that of European Union. Still, this process of taking over law forms and istitutes does not represent the ideal solution. Moreover, in the case of corporate law the existence of disbalance between received rules that are included in regulation and the reality of its (non)appliance is obvious. Such results of law reception impose the following question upon law science: how to overcome ambiguity of its effects. In the light of significant changes brought by the 2018 amendments of Law on Business Organizations - such as incorporating new legal forms of Societas Europas or European Economic Interest Grouping - it remains to be seen what will be the future answer to challenges of new law institutes integration into the national law system.Autor u radu ispituje posledice procesa recepcije prava na primeru korporativnog prava u Srbiji. Naime, slučajevi recepcije nisu retko beležena pojava u domaćim zakonodavnim aktivnostima. Razlozi za to su višestruki, te sve više opravdavani ukoliko se u vidu ima potreba za ekspeditivnim usklađivanjem pozitivnog prava sa legislativom Evropske unije. Ipak, ovaj proces preuzimanja "gotovih" pravnih obrazaca i instituta ne predstavlja idealno rešenje. Štaviše, u slučaju korporativnog prava očigledan je disbalans između recipiranih pravila sadržanih u propisima i realnosti njihovog (ne) sprovođenja u praksi. Ovakvi rezultati recepcije prava postavljaju pred domaću pravnu nauku i legislativu pitanje kako prevazići ambivalentnost njenih efekata. U svetlu velikih promena koje donose izmene Zakona o privrednim društvima iz 2018. godine, poput uvođenja pravnih formi Evropskog akcionarskog društva i Evropske ekonomske interesne grupacije, ostaje da se vidi kako će se u budućnosti odgovoriti na izazove integracije novih pravnih instituta u domaći pravni sistem
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