12 research outputs found
Daya antifungal ekstrak Sambiloto (Andrographis Pantculata (Burm F.) Ness.) terhadap pertumbuhan Jamur Colletotrichum Musae (Berk, Et Curt.) Arx. dan Fusarium Oxysporum Schlecht.F.Sp. Cubense (E.F.Smith) Synd Et Hans.
No full textABSTRAK
Jamur Colletotrichum musae dan Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.fsp. cubense merupakan jamur patogen pada tanaman pisang. Saat ini kedua jamur dipandang sebagai penyakit yang sangat merugikan. Pengendalian hayati dipertimbangkan setelah penggunaan fungisida sintetis terbukti dapat merusak ekosistem. Tumbuhan sambiloto mengandung senya٦va diantaranya adalah diterpen lakton yang bersifat fungistatik. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui daya antifungal ekstrak sambiloto {Andrographis paniculata (Burm f.) Ness} terhadap pertumbuhan koloni jamur Colletotrichum musae dan Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtfsp. cubense. (2) Mengetahui daya antifungal ekstrak sambiloto {Andrographis paniculata (Burm f) Ness} yang paling efektif untuk menghambat atau membunuh pertumbuhan jamur Colletotrichum musae dan Fusarium oxysponim Schlecht.fsp. cubense.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di ]Laboratorium Biologi Universitas Islam Negeri Malang, pada bulan Juli-September 2005- Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Data yang diperoleh berupa diameter pertumbuhan jamur pada media Potato Dextrosa Agar dan persentase penghambatan ekstrak sambiloto terhadap kedua jatnur. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan Anava tunggal dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil perlakuan digunakan Uji Jarak Duncan (37ل) dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Ekstrak sambiloto yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstrak dari tumbuhan sambiloto yang didapat dari kawasan Hutan Jati di RPH Sentul, Ngawi dalam berbagai konsentrasi yaitu: 0%و 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100%.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Ekstrak sambiloto mempunyai daya antifimgal terhadap pertumbulian jamur Colletotrichum musae dan Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.fsp. cubense, semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak sambiloto semakin tinggi pula daya antifungalnya. (2) Konsentrasi ekstrak sambiloto yang paling efektif dalam mengliambat pertumbuhan jamur Colletotrichum musae dan Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.fsp. cubense adalah konsentrasi 60% yang ditunjukkan dengan rerata diameter pertumbuhan koloni kedua jamur yang berbeda nyata dengan konsentrasi 0% (kontrol), 20% dan 40% serta tidak berbeda nyata dengan konsentrasi 80% dan 100% dan persentase daya hambat ekstrak samiloto seesar 92,42% untuk jamur Colletotrichum musae dan 93,90% untuk jamur Fusarium oxysponim Schlecht.fsp. cubense pada pengamatan hari terakhir
The Effect of Type and Duration of Seed Storage on Sugarcane Growth
Full text linkSugarcane propagation is mostly done by stem cuttings aged 5 to 8 months. Sugarcane seeds in the form of stalks have limited storage capacity, the germination of seeds will decrease rapidly if the seeds are stored for too long time. The high weight and volume for the use of sugarcane seeds is one of the limiting factors if planting is to be carried out far from the seed breeding place. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the type and storage time of sugarcane seeds on the growth of sugarcane.The research was conducted at the Karangploso Experimental Garden Balittas in January-December 2016. The research was carried out in the field using a divided plot design with 3 replications. The main plot is the type of seed, namely B1 (bud sett) and B2 (bud chip). As subplots are the storage time P0 (without storage/control), P1 (24 hours storage), P2 (48 hours storage), and P3 (72 hours storage). The results showed that the germination power of bud set did not decrease significantly. The increase in germination and first count germination was noticeable at 24-72 h storage compared to control. The percentage of bud chip seed germination rate decreases with increasing storage time. In the polybags phase, the growth of bud sett seeds is faster than bud chip seeds. The growth of 3 months old plants after transplanting the number of seedlings of bud sets and bud chips was not significantly different. The variables of plant height, stem diameter and number of internodes were significantly different. All the observation variables at the age of 6 months showed no significant difference between bud set seeds and bud chip seeds
Pola Pewarisan Sifat Ketahanan Tanaman Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L) Persilangan Varietas Kenafindo 2 X Karangploso 15 Terhadap Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne Incognita)
Full text linkKenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) adalah hari pendek, tumbuh cepat tahunan tanaman herbal, yang dibudidayakan untuk batang berserat. Itu adalah salah satu yang paling tanaman serat industri penting di dunia dan merupakan sumber serat ramah lingkungan untuk pengemasan, kurang berkembangnya kenaf di lahan kering disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain rendahnya produktivitas kenaf dilahan kering dan penyakit Nematoda Puru Akar (NPA) sehingga kenaf kurang bersaing dengan komoditas lain, sehingga perlu dilakukan strategi program pemuliaan yang efektif dan efisien untuk memperoleh varietas Kenaf tahan penyakit Nematoda Puru Akar, penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kriteria genotipe kenaf terhadap NPA, mengetahui nilai heritabilitas, dan mengetahui pola pewarisan sifat terhadap NPA. Penelitian dilaksanakan Oktober 2019 sampai dengan Februari 2020 di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, Malang, Jawa Timur. Alat yang digunakan polybag, mulsa, meteran, penggaris, jangka sorong, tugal, gembor, selang, alfaboard, kayu, gunting, sentrifuge, baskom, gelas ukur, blender, kain, timbangan analitik, cawan petri, saringan, beaker glass, botol semprot, botol sentrifugasi, mikroskop, suntikan, sendok plastik, alat tulis dan kamera. Penelitian terdiri dari Persiapan Media Tanam, Isolasi dan Perbanyakan NPA, Persiapan Inokulum, Penanaman Kenaf, Inokulasi NPA dan Panen. Berdasarkan nilai rerata dan kisaran pada enam generasi menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh tetua KIN2 lebih kuat dibandingkan tetua KR15. Ketahanan kenaf terhadap NPA dikendalikan oleh gen sederhana (simple gen) dimana tidak dipengaruhi Lingkungan. Nilai heritabilitas dalam arti sempit tergolong rendah sampai dengan sedang. Pola Pewarisan sifat yang sesuai untuk karakter ketahanan terhadap nematoda puru akar berupa faktor reproduksi dan jumlah telur per 10 g akar adalah model aditif-dominan (m[d][h])
Kekerabatan Plasma Nutfah Tebu Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi
No full textKarakterisasi morfologi tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum) sangat diperlukan sebagai pendukung perakitan varietas unggul melalui identifikasi sumber plasma nutfah yang ada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan peluang data morfologi deskriptif, untuk menduga jarak dan hubungan kekerabatan genetik antar aksesi. Analisis clustering dilakukan menggunakan program Minitab 15, berdasar metode complete lingkage atau berdasarkan jarak terbesar dari 105 aksesi tebu. Hasil analisis menghasilkan 8 komponen utama dengan proporsi keragaman 75,4%. Selanjutnya analisis clustering pada 105 aksesi plasma nutfah tebu terbagi menjadi 15 kelompok pada derajat kemiripan 60%. Karakter bentuk telinga daun berkontribusi paling besar terhadap keragaman total. Genetic Relationship of Sugarcane Germplasm from Study on Morphological CharactersMorphological characterization of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is required to support superior variety improvement by identification of germplasm resources. The purpose of this research was to know the diversity and genetic relationship of sugarcane germplasm from exploration in Java, based on morphological data as a contribution in the plant breeding process. The clustering analysis was done on Minitab 15 software by the complete linkage method or the greatest distance for 105 sugarcane accessions. The results showed there have 8 major components with the 75.4% of diversity proportion. While, clustering analysis for 105 sugarcane accession was divided into 15 groups with 60% degree of similarity. Shape of auricle had significant contribution to the total diversity of sugarcane
PENENTUAN KONSENTRASI KEMATIAN KALUS TEBU (Saccharum officinarum) VARIETAS BL DAN PS-862 PADA SELEKSI In Vitro UNTUK KETAHANAN TERHADAP SALINITAS
Full text linkABSTRACT
Salinity (salt stress) is one of the different causes of decline in crop yields and productivity of sugarcane. One strategy for optimizing the production of sugarcane on saline land required tolerant varieties of salinity. This research was conducted to determine NaCl concentration that caused more than > 90% callus death on sugarcane (S officinarum) tissue culture and to investigate the protein profile of sugarcane callus BL and PS-862 varieties on saline (NaCl) stress condition. Sugarcane BL and PS-862 varieties were obtained from tissue culture. and those callus were sub-cultured in salinity media with composition of MS (Murashige-Skoog) as base medium and NaCl in various concentration (0%; 0.25%; 0.5%; 0.75%; and 1%). The results showed condition of NaCl addition on media by 1% concentration cause alteration on morphology of callus that 75% part of whole tissues become dark brown coloured that indicating the tissues death. At four weeks after sub-culture, the calli on both varieties obtain score 4. Lethal percentage of both varieties BL and PS-862 in 1% NaCl was 91,67%. This result were supported by protein profile analysis. that a thinner protein band in 1% NaCl treatment compared with control. This is indicating that in salinity stress causing the decrement of protein expression
Genetika Ketahanan Tanaman Kenaf Terhadap Nematoda Patogen
Full text linkNematoda puru akar merupakan salah satu nematoda parasit pada tanaman yang menyerang akar tanaman. Penurunan hasil pertanian diseluruh dunia akibat gangguan nematoda patogen mencapai 19-67%. Penggunaan tanaman resisten terhadap nematoda merupakan cara pengendalian yang efektif untuk menekan kepadatan populasi nematoda dan membatasi kerusakan, sehingga dapat menekan kehilangan hasil tanaman. Tulisan ini merupakan tinjauan yang membahas genetika ketahanan tanaman kenaf terhadap nematoda patogen. Untuk mengetahui ketahanan tanaman terhadap hama dan penyakit tidak dapat terlepas dari pola pewarisan ketahanan genetik dari tanaman itu sendiri. Pola pewarisan sifat ketahanan suatu varietas terhadap nematoda puru akar, tipe ketahanan, mekanisme ketahanan, dan sumber ketahanan genetik perlu diketahui sebelum memulai program perbaikan ketahanan tanaman. Pola pewarisan genetik atau heritabilitas merupakan parameter yang menggambarkan daya waris individu kepada keturunannya atau derajat kemiripan diantara keduanya untuk sifat tertentu dalam menganalisis pengaruh genetik dan lingkungan terhadap kemiripan tersebut. Pola pewarisan ketahanan genetik tanaman terhadap nematoda puru akar bersifat monogenik sederhana, oligogenik atau bahkan poligenik. Jumlah gen pengendali sifat ketahanan tanaman terhadap nematoda patogen berkisar antara satu hingga empat gen. Ketahanan tanaman kenaf terhadap nematoda patogen yang dikendalikan oleh gen monogenik adalah sebesar 52%, oligenik sebesar 28% dan sebesar 20% dikendalikan oleh gen poligenik. Ketahanan tanaman kenaf terhadap nematoda Meliodogyne sp. dikendalikan oleh gen monogenik yang bersifat dominan. Genetic Resistance of Kenaf to Root-knot NematodeRoot-knot nematode is one of the parasitic nematodes in plants that attack plant roots. Decline in agricultural yields worldwide due to pathogenic nematode infection reaches 19–67%. The use of plants resistant to nematodes is an effective control method to reduce the population density of nematodes and limit damage, so as to reduce the loss of crop yield. This paper is a review that discusses the genetic of kenaf resistance to pathogenic nematodes. To find out the resistance of plants to pests and diseases can not be separated from the inheritance patterns of genetic resistance of the plants themselves. The inheritance pattern of a variety's resistance characteristics to root-knot nematodes, the type of resistance, the mechanism of resistance, and the source of genetic resistance need to be known before starting a plant resistance improvement program. The pattern of genetic inheritance or heritability is a parameter that describes an individual's inheritance to his offspring or the degree of similarity between the two for certain traits in analyzing genetic and environmental influences on these similarities. The pattern of inheritance of plant genetic resistance to root purebred nematodes is simple, oligogenic or even polygenic. The number of genes controlling the nature of plant resistance to pathogen nematodes ranges from one to four genes. The resistance of kenaf plants to pathogenic nematodes controlled by monogenic genes is 52%, oligenic is 28% and 20% is controlled by polygenic genes. The resistance of kenaf plants to Meliodogyne sp. nematodes is controlled by dominant monogenic gene
Resistance of Several Hibiscus cannabinus genotypes Against Meloidogyne incognita
Full text linkKenaf merupakan salah satu tanaman yang menghasilkan serat alam. Infeksi Meloidogyne incognita (nematoda puru akar) pada tanaman kenaf menyebabkan tanaman kerdil sehingga menurunkan produksi tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan ketahanan tujuh genotipe kenaf terhadap M. incognita. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menginfestasi tanaman kenaf yang berumur 15 hari setelah tanam (HST) dengan M. incognita pada populasi 40 nematoda juvenil 2 per 100 g tanah. Medium tanam yang digunakan ialah tanah berpasir dengan komposisi pasir 55%, debu 36%, dan liat 17%. Variabel ketahanan terdiri atas indeks puru akar dan faktor reproduksi nematoda. Analisis asam salisilat, fenol, lignin serta beberapa variabel pertumbuhan tanaman dilakukan pada umur tanaman 75 HST. Diantara tujuh genotipe tanaman kenaf yang dievaluasi terdapat 3 genotipe yang toleran (KR4, KR15 dan KR5) dan 4 genotipe sangat rentan (KR1, KR6, Kin2, dan DS028). Genotipe yang memiliki respons toleran terhadap M. incognita menunjukkan peningkatan senyawa fenol, asam salisilat, dan lignin pada akar dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penurunan tinggi tanaman, bobot segar tajuk, dan bobot segar akar bervariasi akibat infeksi M. incognita.Resistance of Several Hibiscus cannabinus genotypes Against Meloidogyne incognita
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is known as a source of natural fibers. Infection of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) in kenaf plants causes stunting of plants, thereby reducing crop production. This study aimed to determine the resistance of seven kenaf genotypes against M. incognita. The experiment was conducted by infesting kenaf plants aged 15 days after planting (DAP) with M. incognita in a population of 40 juvenile nematodes 2 per 100 g of soil. The planting medium used was sandy soil with a composition of 55% sand, 36% dust, and 17% clay. The resistance variable consisted of root knot index and nematode reproduction factors. Analysis of salicylic acid, phenol, lignin and several plant growth variables were carried out at 75 DAP. Among the seven kenaf plant genotypes evaluated, there were 3 tolerant genotypes (KR4, KR15 and KR5) and 4 highly susceptible genotypes (KR1, KR6, Kin2, and DS028). Genotypes that had a tolerant response to M. incognita showed an increase in phenolic compounds, salicylic acid, and lignin in the roots compared to the control. The decrease in plant height, crown fresh weight, and root fresh weight varied due to M. incognita infection
The Influence of Leaf Harvesting Methods on Tobacco Seed Production and Quality
Full text linkTo produce high-quality seeds, the harvest must be carried out on time so that the seed maturity is almost uniform. Like wise to produce seeds of high physiological quality. The study was conducted at the Karangploso Experimental Garden, Balittas Malang, in January-October 2017. The varieties used were Prancak-N1, with 6 treatments namely: (1) Leaves harvested and shredded, (2) Leaves harvested and shredded are not discarded, (3) Leaves not harvested and suckers not removed (4) Leaves not harvested and shredded (5 koseran leaves not harvested shingles disposed and (6) Koseran leaves harvested and shredded discarded.The treatment was planted as many as 10 polybags with a size of 20 kg of soil, one plant per polybag, population of each treatment as many as 10 plants with 3 replications. The fertilizer used was NPK fertilizer with a dose of 15 grams per plant. Analysis used Randomized Group Design repeated 3 times, to calculate the variance using the Duncan Distance Test (DMRT) with a level of 5%. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the treatment of harvesting leaves and tobacco flowers on the production and quality of the seeds produced. The results showed that the highest seed production from the six treatments was treated with leaves not harvested and shredded, the highest production of seeds reached 17.4 grams, but not significantly different from the treatment of koseran leaves not the harvested sirung was disposed of (16.10 grams) and the coseran leaves were harvested, the flush was disposed of (15.70 grams). For the highest seed vigor test, the leaves were not harvested and the flush was disposed (17.40%), while the highest germination test for the flush treatment was reached (93.33%), but not significantly different from the treatment of the leaf leaves not harvested by sirung discarded (91.33%) and the treatment of koseran leaves was harvested, flush was disposed (84.68%). Observation of abnormal sprouts from the six treatments was not significantly different between 1.33%-2.33%To produce high-quality seeds, the harvest must be carried out on time so that the seed maturity is almost uniform. Like wise to produce seeds of high physiological quality. The study was conducted at the Karangploso Experimental Garden, Balittas Malang, in January-October 2017. The varieties used were Prancak-N1, with 6 treatments namely: (1) Leaves harvested and shredded, (2) Leaves harvested and shredded are not discarded, (3) Leaves not harvested and suckers not removed (4) Leaves not harvested and shredded (5 koseran leaves not harvested shingles disposed and (6) Koseran leaves harvested and shredded discarded.The treatment was planted as many as 10 polybags with a size of 20 kg of soil, one plant per polybag, population of each treatment as many as 10 plants with 3 replications. The fertilizer used was NPK fertilizer with a dose of 15 grams per plant. Analysis used Randomized Group Design repeated 3 times, to calculate the variance using the Duncan Distance Test (DMRT) with a level of 5%. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the treatment of harvesting leaves and tobacco flowers on the production and quality of the seeds produced. The results showed that the highest seed production from the six treatments was treated with leaves not harvested and shredded, the highest production of seeds reached 17.4 grams, but not significantly different from the treatment of koseran leaves not the harvested sirung was disposed of (16.10 grams) and the coseran leaves were harvested, the flush was disposed of (15.70 grams). For the highest seed vigor test, the leaves were not harvested and the flush was disposed (17.40%), while the highest germination test for the flush treatment was reached (93.33%), but not significantly different from the treatment of the leaf leaves not harvested by sirung discarded (91.33%) and the treatment of koseran leaves was harvested, flush was disposed (84.68%). Observation of abnormal sprouts from the six treatments was not significantly different between 1.33%-2.33
PENDUGAAN PEWARISAN SIFAT KETAHANAN KENAF TERHADAP NEMATODA PURU AKAR (Meliodogyne incognita)
No full textRoot puru nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on kenaf plants are known as one of the harmful plant-disturbing organisms. NPA infection in roots causes plants to grow stunted and production potential decreases. The inheritance of kenaf resistance to NPA M. incognita was carried out using a sixpopulation approach (P1, P2, F1, F2 BC1P1 and BC1P2). The genotype (Kenafindo Agribun 2 = Kin2) which was highly susceptible to NPA M. incognita was used as the female parent and the tolerant genotype (Karangploso 15 = KR15) as the male parent. The nature of kenaf resistance to NPA M. incognita was based on the variable number of shells, reproductive factors, number of 2nd instar juveniles, number of egg masses and number of eggs per egg mass. Based on the results of the study showed that the resistance of kenaf to NPA M. incognita showed that it was not influenced by female parents. The number of resistance genes is controlled by one gene. The character of kenaf resistance to NPA M. incognita was controlled by a partially positive dominant gene. The action of genes controlling resistance to NPA M. incognita was additive-dominant. The heritability value in the broad sense and the heritability value in the narrow sense for all variables of kenaf resistance to NPA M. incognita were highNematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne spp.) pada tanaman kenaf dikenal sebagai salah satu organisme pengganggu tanaman yang merugikan. Infeksi NPA pada akar menyebabkan tanaman tumbuh kerdil dan potensi produksi menurun. Pewarisan sifat ketahanan kenaf terhadap NPA M. incognita dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan enam populasi (P1, P2, F1, F2 BC1P1 dan BC1P2). Genotip (Kenafindo Agribun 2 = Kin2) yang memiliki ketahanan sangat rentan terhadap NPA M. incognita digunakan sebagai tetua betina dan genotip (Karangploso 15= KR15) yang toleran sebagai tetua jantan. Sifat ketahanan kenaf terhadap NPA M. incognita didasarkan pada variabel jumlah puru, faktor reproduksi, jumlah juvenil instar 2, jumlah massa telur dan jumlah telur per massa telur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ketahanan kenaf terhadap NPA M. incognita menunjukkan tidak dipengaruhi oleh tetua betina. Jumlah gen ketahanan dikendalikan oleh satu gen. arakter ketahanan kenaf terhadap NPA M. incognita dikendalikan oleh gen dominan positif sebagian. Aksi gen pengendali ketahanan terhadap NPA M. incognita adalah aditif-dominan. Nilai heritabilitas arti luas dan nilai heritabilitas dalam arti sempit pada seluruh variabel ketahanan kenaf terhadap NPA M. incognita tergolong tinggi
