Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Bakteri Endofit Penghasil AHL-Laktonase Asal Tanaman Pisang untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Darah: Endophytic Bacteria Producing AHL-Lactonase from Banana Plant to Control Blood Disease
Full text linkPenyakit darah yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotype IV merupakan penyakit penting pada pisang yang menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hingga 100%. Bakteri R. solanacearum mengekspresikan gen virulensi melalui mekanisme quorum sensing (QS) dengan menggunakan asil homoserin lakton (AHL) sebagai autoinducer. Enzim AHL laktonase diproduksi oleh bakteri dan memiliki potensi sebagai agens biokontrol bakteri patogen melalui anti-QS. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah memperoleh isolat bakteri endofit penghasil AHL laktonase untuk pengendalian R. solanacearum pada tanaman pisang. Tahapan penelitian mencakup isolasi dan seleksi bakteri endofit asal tanaman pisang sebagai penghasil AHL laktonase dengan bioassay maupun molekuler, uji keefektifan isolat bakteri dalam menekan faktor virulensi R. solanacearum, uji keefektifan pengendalian R. solanacearum in planta, dan identifikasi molekuler isolat bakteri potensial. Isolasi bakteri endofit berhasil dilakukan dari sampel pisang asal Bogor di tiga kecamatan, yaitu Cisarua, Dramaga, dan Jonggol yang terdiri atas lima jenis pisang masing-masing menghasilkan 152, 204, dan 130 isolat bakteri endofit. Uji lebih lanjut menggunakan Chromobacterium violaceum sebagai bioindikator menunjukkan lima isolat dengan aktivitas anti-QS. Deteksi gen aiiA dengan PCR menggunakan primer spesifik menunjukkan bahwa kelima isolat memiliki amplikon berukuran 753 pb dan telah dikonfirmasi melalui sekuensing sebagai gen aiiA. Kelima isolat bakteri tersebut CBP1, DBT17, DBT7, DBK2, dan CBN13 mampu menekan pembentukan ekstraseluler polisakarida (EPS) yang dihasilkan R. solanacearum dengan persentase penekanan masing-masing sebesar 75.67%, 90.81%, 87.67%, 92.72%, 81.08%, dan mampu menghambat gejala layu sebagai salah satu gejala penyakit darah pada tanaman pisang. Hasil perunutan gen aiiA menunjukkan bahwa kelima isolat homolog dengan Bacillus cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. substilis, B. amyloliquefaciens.Endophytic Bacteria Producing AHL-Lactonase from Banana Plant to Control Blood Disease
Blood disease is an important disease in banana that caused 100% yield loss. The Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotype IV as the causal agent for this disease express their virulence genes through quorum sensing (QS) mechanism by using acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) as autoinducer. AHL-lactonase enzyme is produced by bacteria, and its potential as biocontrol agents performed through anti-QS. This research was aimed to obtain endophytic bacteria isolates producing AHL lactonase for controling R. solanacearum in banana plants. The research stages include isolation and selection of endophytic bacteria from banana plant as producer of AHL lactonase by using bioassay and molecular, the effectiveness testing of the bacterial isolates in suppressing R. solanacearum pathogenic virulence factors, in planta testing for controlling R. solanacearum, and molecular identification of potential bacterial isolates. We successfully explored endophytic bacteria from low-, medium-, and up-land consisted several varieties of banana, resulting 152, 204, and 130 isolates, respectively. Further selection using bioindicator showed five isolates with anti quorum sensing activity against Chromobacterium violaceum. Detection of aiiA gene by polymerase chain reaction using specific primer indicated all of five isolates AHL degradation activity resulted 753 bp amplicon that has been identified as aiiA gene. These isolates (CBP1, DBT17, DBT7, DBK2, and CBN13) were able to suppress the formation of exstracellular polysacharide (EPS) produced by R. solanacearum with suppression level of 75.67%, 90.81%, 87.67%, 92.72%, 81.08%, and were able to inhibit wilt symptom in banana plant. Nucleotide sequences of aiiA gene of these five isolates has homology with aiiA genes from Bacillus cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. substilis, B. amyloliquefaciens.
Peran Trichoderma spp. sebagai Agen Biokontrol pada Penyakit Rebah Semai dan Biostimulan Kedelai: The Role of Trichoderma spp. as a Biocontrol Agent of Damping Off Disease and Soybean Biostimulant
No full textThe Role of Trichoderma spp. as a Biocontrol Agent of Damping Off Disease and Soybean Biostimulant
Domestic demand for soybeans in Indonesia continues to increase each year, yet the average production has declined. To meet national needs, the government must even import soybeans. One of the causes of low soybean production is damage from plant pests and diseases, particularly damping-off caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, which can lead to total plant death under severe infection. One promising, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective approach to disease management is the use of biological control agents such as Trichoderma spp., which function not only as biocontrol agents but also as biostimulants. This research was conducted at the Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Brawijaya University and Central Laboratory of BALITKABI for in vitro experiments and in vivo study located at a greenhouse of Agriculture Experimental Land Brawijaya University, Jatimulyo, Lowokwaru, Malang. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments and five replications. Applications of Trichoderma harzianum and T. asperellum, either individually or in combination, successfully reduced the incidence and severity of damping-off disease by 14% to 26.6% under field conditions. These treatments also increased the total phenolic content of the plants, indicating enhanced resistance, thus supporting the role of Trichoderma as an effective biocontrol agent. In addition, the combined application of Trichoderma species significantly increased the number of soybean leaves, indicating a biostimulant effect.Permintaan dalam negeri akan kedelai dari tahun ke tahun terus meningkat, akan tetapi rerata produksi mengalami penurunan. Bahkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nasional, pemerintah harus melakukan impor kedelai. Rendahnya produksi kedelai di Indonesia di antaranya disebabkan adanya gangguan OPT seperti penyakit rebah semai (Sclerotium rolfsii) yang pada tingkat serangan berat menyebabkan kematian. Salah satu pendekatan pengendalian yang menjanjikan karena bersifat ramah lingkungan, efektif, dan efisien adalah dengan memanfaatkan agens hayati seperti jamur Trichoderma spp.. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan secara in vitro di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Departemen HPT Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya (FB-UB) dan di Laboratorium Sentral BALITKABI serta secara in vivo di rumah kaca lahan percobaan FP-UB dan secara in vitro menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Aplikasi T. harzianum maupun T. asperellum secara tunggal dan kombinasi mampu menurunkan persentase insiden maupun intensitas penyakit busuk pangkal batang yang disebabkan oleh patogen S. rolfsii antara 14% hingga 26.6% di lapangan dan meningkatkan senyawa total fenolik tanaman sebagai indikator tingkat ketahanan tanaman sehingga dikatakan sebagai agen biokontrol yang efektif. Sedangkan kombinasi antara spesies Trichoderma memengaruhi peningkatan jumlah daun tanaman kedelai
Ketahanan Varietas Padi terhadap Nematoda Pucuk Putih Aphelenchoides besseyi: The Resistance of Rice Varieties Against White Tip Nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi
Full text linkPenyakit pucuk putih pada padi yang disebabkan oleh Aphelenchoides besseyi merupakan penyakit tergolong baru dan telah tersebar di Indonesia. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan salah satu cara terbaik untuk mengendalikan A. besseyi. Namun, belum ada informasi terkait ketahanan varietas padi terhadap A. besseyi di Indonesia. Sembilan varietas padi diuji respons ketahanannya terhadap A. besseyi dengan menggunakan inokulum sebanyak 500 ekor nematoda per tanaman. Nematoda A. besseyi diinfestasikan pada fase pembungaan dengan cara menyemprotkan suspensi nematoda ke bagian malai dan diamati panjang malai, jumlah bulir, jumlah bulir bernas dan hampa, berat 100 bulir bernas, jumlah nematoda, dan ekspresi gen PBZ1 padi. Deteksi gen ketahanan PBZ1 dilakukan dengan one step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan primer spesifik PBZ1F dan PBZ1R. Berdasarkan parameter hasil panen, populasi A. besseyi, dan ekspresi gen PBZ1, respons ketahanan varietas padi terhadap infestasi A. besseyi dibagi menjadi tiga kategori ketahanan, yaitu tahan (‘Ciherang’, ‘Utri Merah’, dan ‘Utri Rajapan’), toleran (‘Inpago 7’, ‘IPB 3S’, ‘Prima’, dan ‘Situ Bagendit’), dan rentan (‘Inpara 3’ dan ‘Inpara 4’). Infestasi A. besseyi menginduksi ekspresi gen PBZ1 pada varietas uji dengan intensitas berbeda tergantung tingkat ketahanan varietas. Varietas ‘Ciherang’, ‘Inpago 7’, ‘Situ Bagendit’, ‘Utri Merah’, dan ‘Utri Rajapan’ menunjukkan ekspresi gen PBZ1 tinggi baik sebelum maupun setelah infestasi A. besseyi. Intensitas ekspresi gen PBZ1 yang tinggi sebelum infestasi A. besseyi menunjukkan varietas ini merupakan sumber potensial varietas tahan terhadap A. besseyi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada korelasi antara tingginya ekspresi gen PBZ1 dengan ketahanan varietas padi terhadap A. besseyi.The Resistance of Rice Varieties Against White Tip Nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi
White tip disease on rice caused by Aphelenchoides besseyi is considered as a new important disease and it had widely distributed in Indonesia. The utilizing of resistant varieties is one of the best methods to control A. besseyi. However, there is no information regarding the resistance of rice varieties to A. besseyi in Indonesia. Nine rice varieties were evaluated for their resistance response to A. besseyi by inoculating 500 nematode per plant. Nematode A. besseyi was infested at the anthesis phase by spraying the nematode suspension onto the panicles followed by observation on panicle length, number of grains, number of full and empty grains, weight of 100 full grains, number of nematodes and expression of the PBZ1 gene of rice. Expression of PBZ1 gene was conducted by one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a specific primer PBZ1F and PBZ1R. Based on yield parameters, A. besseyi population, and PBZ1 gene expression, the resistance response of rice varieties to A. besseyi infestation was differentiated into three categories, namely resistant (‘Ciherang’, ‘Utri Merah’, and ‘Utri Rajapan’), tolerant (‘Inpago 7’, ‘IPB 3S’, ‘Prima’, and ‘Situ Bagendit’) and susceptible (‘Inpara 3’ and ‘Inpara 4’). Aphelenchoides besseyi’s infestation induces PBZ1 gene expression in the tested varieties at different intensities depending on their level of resistance. ‘Ciherang’, ‘Inpago 7’, ‘Situ Bagendit’, ‘Utri Merah’, and’ ‘Utri Rajapan’ showed high PBZ1 gene intensity both before and after A. besseyi infestation. The high intensity PBZ1 gene expression before A. besseyi infestation showed that this varieties have a potential source of resistant to A. besseyi. Based on the results there is a correlation between the high expression of PBZ1 gene with the resistance of rice varieties to A. besseyi
Bakteri PGPR Rizosfer Bambu Sebagai Agens Biokontrol Penyakit Moler: The PGPR Bacteria from Bamboo Rhizosphere as a Biocontrol Agent for Moler Disease
Full text linkPlant growth promoting rhizobacteria banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai agens hayati, baik terhadap F. oxysporum ataupun patogen lainnya. PGPR dari perakaran bambu berpotensi dimanfaatkan untuk pengendalian penyakit moler pada bawang merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan penilaian potensi PGPR dari perakaran bambu, sebagai agens antagonis terhadap F. oxysporum. Sampel rizosfer bambu diambil dari beberapa lokasi di Kalimantan Barat dan diisolasi menggunakan metode tuang sebar pada medium nutrient agar. Isolat-isolat yang diperoleh dilakukan penilaian sebagai agens antagonis terhadap F. oxysporum secara in vitro. Hasil ekplorasi diperoleh 30 isolat, 19 isolat di antaranya mempunyai daya hambat terhadap F. oxysporum. Pada uji produksi HCN, diperoleh tujuh isolat terindikasi menghasilkan gas HCN dan menghambat F.oxysporum melebihi 50%, yaitu isolat PY.01, ST.02, PY.03, S2.05, PR.01, PR.02, dan ST.03. Isolat tersebut juga dapat menurunkan produksi konidium. Pengujian anticendawan dari metabolit yang terlarut dalam supernatan diperoleh 12 isolat menunjukkan sifat anticendawan dan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan F. oxysporum. Metabolit sekunder dari isolat PR.01 memiliki indeks penghambatan tertinggi, yaitu 73.08. Isolat ST.02, PR.02, dan S2.05 menunjukkan keunggulan dalam menghambat F. oxysporum, menghasilkan gas HCN dan metabolit.The PGPR Bacteria from Bamboo Rhizosphere as a Biocontrol Agent for Moler Disease
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are often used as biological agents, either against F. oxysporum or other pathogens. PGPR from bamboo roots have the potential to be used to control Moler disease in shallots. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of PGPR from bamboo roots as an antagonist against F. oxysporum. Samples were collected from the rhizosphere of bamboo in different locations in West Kalimantan and isolated using the plating method on nutrient agar. The isolates obtained were tested in vitro as antagonists against F. oxysporum. The results of the test revealed 30 isolates, 19 of which showed inhibition against F. oxysporum. Seven isolates namely isolates PY.01, ST.02, PY.03, S2.05, PR.01, PR.02 and ST.03 were found to produce HCN gas and inhibit F. oxysporum by more than 50%. These isolates were also able to reduce conidia production. Antagonism was also evaluated by the production of metabolites. The antifungal tests of the metabolites of 12 isolates dissolved in the supernatant showed antifungal properties and were able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum. The secondary metabolites of isolate PR.01 had the highest inhibition index of 73.08. Isolates ST.02, PR.02 and S2.05 were superior in inhibiting F. oxysporum and produced HCN gas and metabolites
A Aplikasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Akar Bambu dan Mikroorganisme Lokal pada Tanaman Kedelai untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Pustul Bakteri (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Glycines): Application of Bamboo Root Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Local Microorganisms in Soybean to Control of Bacterial Pustule (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Glycines)
No full textApplication of Bamboo Root Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Local Microorganisms in Soybean to Control of Bacterial Pustule (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Glycines)
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes pustule disease in soybean plants, leading to significant levels of damage. One of the biological control efforts against this pathogen involves the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and local microorganisms (MOL). This study aims to determine the effect of PGPR and MOL applications on enhancing plant growth and controlling bacterial pustule disease. The Xag JB12 isolate from the University of Jember was used as the inoculum source. PGPR from bamboo roots and MOL from fruit and vegetable waste were used as antagonistic agents against the Xag JB12 isolate. The experimental study was designed using four treatments (control, PGPR application, MOL application, and PGPR + MOL application). PGPR/MOL application was carried out through seed soaking and drenching. The results showed that the MOL treatment exhibited the lowest disease severity, which was 20.02%. The MOL treatment showed the highest disease progression rate, but the smallest area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) compared to other treatments. The study also found that all treatments had no significant effect on plant height and leaf number variables.Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) merupakan bakteri patogen yang menyebabkan penyakit pustul pada tanaman kedelai dengan tingkat kerusakan yang signifikan. Upaya pengendalian secara hayati terhadap patogen ini salah satunya ialah dengan penggunaan plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) dan mikrorganisme lokal (MOL). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh pemberian PGPR dan MOL dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan pengendalian penyakit pustul bakteri. Isolat Xag JB12 dari Universitas Jember digunakan sebagai sumber inokulum. PGPR dari perakaran bambu dan MOL dari limbah buah dan sayur digunakan sebagai agens antagonis terhadap isolat Xag JB12. Penelitian eksperimental disusun menggunakan rancangan percobaan dengan 4 perlakuan (kontrol, diaplikasikan PGPR, diaplikasikan MOL, diaplikasikan PGPR + MOL). Pengaplikasian PGPR/MOL dilakukan dengan cara perendaman benih dan penyiraman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan aplikasi MOL menunjukkan persentase keparahan penyakit terendah yaitu sebesar 20.02%. Perlakuan MOL menunjukkan laju perkembangan penyakit paling tinggi namun area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) terkecil dibanding perlakuan lain. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap variabel tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun
Pengaruh Bakteri Endofit Padi terhadap Penyakit Busuk Bulir Bakteri dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi: Effects of Rice Endophytic Bacteria on Bacterial Grain Rot Disease and Rice Growth
Full text linkEffects of Rice Endophytic Bacteria on Bacterial Grain Rot Disease and Rice Growth
Bacterial grain rot disease, caused by Burkholderia glumae, is an important disease that can reduce rice yields and is a seed-borne disease. Biological control through biopriming using endophytic bacteria is an alternative disease control method that has been widely used in various crops. This study aimed to assess the potential of endophytic bacteria from six rice varieties using biopriming techniques in controlling B. glumae and their ability to stimulate rice growth. The research stages consisted of isolation and biosafety testing of endophytic bacteria with potential as biological agents, in vitro antagonism assay against B. glumae using the cross streak method, phytotoxicity assay of endophytic bacteria on rice seeds, selection of potential bacteria using the analytical hyphenation process (AHP) method, and examining the ability of biopriming to control B. glumae and its effect on rice vegetative growth. A total of 133 endophytic bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from six rice varieties, and 27 isolates met the biosafety test requirements. In vitro and in vivo assay showed that eight isolates exhibited antagonistic activity against B. glumae, and 25 isolates increased rice seed germination. Three isolates were selected based on AHP results, i.e. BBZN3, BBAR4, and AKPAT4. Of these three isolates, AKPAT4 was the best at increasing the vigor index and germination level of rice seeds, as well as suppressing disease incidence and severity.Penyakit busuk bulir bakteri disebabkan oleh Burkholderia glumae merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang dapat mengurangi hasil panen padi dan termasuk penyakit tular benih. Pengendalian biologi dengan biopriming menggunakan bakteri endofit merupakan salah satu alternatif pengendalian penyakit tanaman yang sudah mulai banyak digunakan pada berbagai tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi bakteri endofit dari enam varietas padi sehat dengan teknik biopriming dalam mengendalikan B. glumae serta kemampuannya dalam memacu pertumbuhan padi. Tahapan penelitian terdiri atas isolasi dan uji keamanan hayati bakteri endofit yang berpotensi sebagai agens hayati, uji antagonisme terhadap B. glumae secara in vitro dengan metode cross streak, uji fitotoksisitas bakteri endofit terhadap benih padi, seleksi bakteri potensial dengan metode analytical hyrearchy process (AHP), dan uji kemampuan biopriming dalam mengendalikan B. glumae dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif padi. Sebanyak 133 isolat bakteri endofit berhasil diisolasi dari enam varietas padi dan sebanyak 27 isolat memenuhi syarat berdasarkan uji keamanan hayati. Hasil uji in vitro dan in vivo menunjukkan delapan isolat menghasilkan aktifitas antagonisme terhadap B. glumae dan 25 isolat mampu meningkatkan daya berkecambah benih padi. Tiga isolat terpilih berdasarkan hasil AHP, yaitu: BBZN3, BBAR4, dan AKPAT4. Dari ketiga isolat tersebut, AKPAT4 merupakan isolat terbaik dalam memacu indeks vigor dan daya berkecambah benih padi serta dalam menekan insidensi dan keparahan penyakit
Aktivitas Antagonisme Cendawan Endofit terhadap Cendawan Penyebab Bintik Mata Cokelat Daun Kopi: Antagonism Activity of Endophytic Fungi Against Pathogenic Fungus That Cause Coffee Brown Eye Spot
Full text linkKopi merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan berperan sebagai sumber devisa negara. Namun demikian produktivitas dan kualitas kopi mengalami penurunan yang disebabkan oleh cendawan penyebab bintik mata cokelat pada daun tanaman kopi. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi pertumbuhan cendawan patogen tersebut ialah memanfaatkan cendawan endofit antagonisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi cendawan penyebab bintik mata cokelat daun tanaman kopi dan cendawan endofit antagonisnya serta mengevaluasi potensi dan mekanisme antagonismenya. Cendawan patogen diisolasi dari daun tanaman kopi dengan gejala penyakit bintik mata cokelat, sedangkan cendawan endofit diisolasi dari daun kopi sehat yang dikumpulkan dari Perkebunan Kopi Desa Taji, Kecamatan Jabung, Kabupaten Malang. Masing-masing cendawan dimurnikan berdasarkan metode monospora. Isolat cendawan patogen diseleksi berdasarkan uji patogenisitas. Isolat cendawan endofit diuji potensi antagonisnya terhadap isolat cendawan patogen terpilih. Isolat cendawan endofit dengan potensi tertinggi menghambat pertumbuhan isolat cendawan patogen diidentifikasi berdasarkan similaritas sekuens 18S rDNA. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa isolat cendawan penyebab bintik mata cokelat memiliki similaritas sekuens 100% dengan Mycosphaerella coffeicola-PF2. Isolat cendawan endofit paling potensial mampu menghambat pertumbuhan isolat cendawan patogen, memiliki similaritas sekuens 99.94% dengan Colletotrichum sp.-EF1. Cendawan endofit Colletotrichum sp. menghambat pertumbuhan M. coffeicola dengan mekanisme kompetisi dan mikoparasit. Cendawan endofit Colletotrichum sp. dapat dikembangkan sebagai agens biopestisida untuk mengendalikan M. coffeicola penyebab penyakit bintik mata cokelat pada daun tanaman kopi.Antagonism Activity of Endophytic Fungi Against Pathogenic Fungus That Cause Coffee Brown Eye Spot
Coffee is a high economic value commodity and is a source of foreign exchange for Indonesia. Coffee productivity and quality have decreased due to brown eye spot disease caused by fungi infection. One alternative method to overcome the growth of pathogenic fungi is to use endophytic fungi as an antagonistic biological agent. This study aims to identify the fungi causing coffee plant brown eye spot disease and its antagonistic endophytic fungi, and to evaluate the mechanisms and potential of antagonism. Pathogenic fungi were isolated from coffee leaves showing symptom of brown eye spot disease. Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy leaves obtained from the Taji Village Coffee Plantation, Jabung District, Malang Regency. Each fungus was cultured and then purified using the monospore method. Pathogenic fungi isolates were selected based on the pathogenicity test. Endophytic fungi isolates were tested for their antagonistic properties against selected brown eye spot pathogenic fungi isolates and the endophytic fungus that had the highest potential to inhibit growth of the pathogenic fungi were identified based on 18S rDNA sequence similarity. The identification results show that the pathogenic fungus has 100% sequence similarity with Mycosphaerella coffeicola-PF2 while the antagonistic endophytic fungus has 99.94% similarity with Colletotrichum sp.-EF1. The endophytic fungi Colletotrichum sp. inhibits the growth of M. coffeicola by competition and mycoparasite mechanisms. The endophytic fungi Colletotrichum sp. can be developed as a biopesticide agent to control M. coffeicola which causes brown eyespot disease on coffee plant leaves
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 5, September 2024: Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 5, September 2024
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 5, September 2024.This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 5, September 2024
Potensi Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Menekan Cucumber mosaic virus pada Tanaman Mentimun: The Potential of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria to Suppress Infection of Cucumber mosaic virus on Cucumber Plants
Full text linkThe Potential of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria to Suppress Infection of Cucumber mosaic virus on Cucumber Plants
Mosaic disease caused by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the main diseases of cucumber plants, and is economically important. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are plant root organisms currently being developed as biological agents. This research aims to obtain the best PGPB that can suppress the development of CMV in cucumber plants. This research used a randomized block design with nine treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of several isolates of PGPB (Serratia marsescens AR1, Alcaligenes faecalis AJ14, Stenotrophomonas pavanii KJKB 5.4, Pseudomonas fluorescens LPK1–9, Bacillus cereus AJ 34, and S. maltophilia LMTSA 5.4), orthohydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid), positive control, and negative control. Application of PGPB was conducted through seed treatment of cucumber seeds for 15 minutes before planting. The mosaic virus was mechanically inoculated on cucumber cotyledons seven days after planting. The variables observed were the development of mosaic disease and the growth of cucumber plants. Virus detection using specific primer pair CMV-IF/CMV-IR showed that the virus that infected cucumber plants had 98.3% similarity to the CMV isolate originating from India with accession number KJ874248.1. Pseudomonas fluorescens LPK1-9 is the best bacteria for slowing the incubation period, reducing the percentage of infected leaves, and reducing the severity of mosaic disease on cucumber plants. None of tested PGPB isolates that has the potential to increase the growth of CMV-infected cucumber plants. Therefore, further studies are needed on the effectiveness of the PGPB, such as improving how PGPB is applied.Penyakit mosaik yang disebabkan oleh Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) merupakan salah satu penyakit utama tanaman mentimun yang penting secara ekonomi. Bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman (PGPB) merupakan organisme akar tanaman yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan sebagai agens hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan PGPB terbaik yang dapat menekan perkembangan CMV pada tanaman mentimun. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan sembilan perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Sebagai pelakuan adalah beberapa isolat PGPB (Serratia marsescens AR1, Alcaligenes faecalis AJ14, Stenotrophomonas pavanii KJKB 5.4, Pseudomonas fluorescens LPK1–9, Bacillus cereus AJ 34, dan S. maltophilia LMTSA 5.4), asam ortohidroksibenzoat (asam salisilat), kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif. Aplikasi PGPB melalui perlakuan benih mentimun selama 15 menit sebelum tanam. Virus mosaik diinokulasi secara mekanis pada kotiledon mentimun tujuh hari setelah tanam. Variabel yang diamati adalah perkembangan penyakit CMV dan pertumbuhan tanaman mentimun. Hasil deteksi virus menggunakan primer spesifik CMV-IF/CMV-IR menunjukkan bahwa virus yang menginfeksi tanaman mentimun memiliki kemiripan 98.3% dengan isolat CMV yang berasal dari India dengan nomor aksesi KJ874248.1. Pseudomonas fluorescens LPK1-9 merupakan bakteri terbaik dalam memperlambat masa inkubasi, menurunkan persentase daun terserang dan keparahan penyakit CMV pada tanaman mentimun. Di antara isolat PGPB yang diuji, tidak ada isolat yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman mentimun terinfeksi CMV. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut dalam keefektifan PGPB yang gunakan, seperti memperbaiki cara aplikasi PGPB
Identification of Polerovirus Infecting Chili Pepper in Java: Identifikasi Polerovirus yang Menginfeksi Tanaman Cabai di Jawa
Full text linkIdentifikasi Polerovirus yang Menginfeksi Tanaman Cabai di Jawa
Infeksi polerovirus pada tanaman cabai semakin banyak dilaporkan dari berbagai bagian dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Infeksi Pepper vein yellow virus (PeVYV) pada tanaman cabai di Bali, Jawa, dan Aceh telah dilaporkan pada kurun waktu 2012 sampai 2020. Belum lama ini gejala infeksi polerovirus berupa daun kuning dengan penebalan tulang daun ditemukan pada pertanaman cabai di wilayah Jawa Tengah, yaitu di Brebes, Magelang dan Kulon Progo. Deteksi molekuler dengan metode RT-PCR menggunakan primer universal polerovirus O3R/PL4F yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis sekuens membuktikan adanya infeksi PeVYV dari sampel asal Magelang dan Kulon Progo. Identifikasi lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa isolat PeVYV tersebut ialah PeVYV-2, PeVYV-6, dan PeVYV-8. Insidensi infeksi PeVYV ini menunjukkan perluasan distribusi Polerovirus di Indonesia.Infection of polerovirus in chili peppers has been reported from various parts of the world, including Indonesia. Pepper vein yellow virus (PeVYV), a member of genus Polerovirus were reported infecting chili plants in Bali, Java, and Aceh during 2012 to 2020. Recently, symptoms of the polerovirus infection, such as yellowing leaves with vein thickening, were found in chili pepper crops in the Central Java Region, specifically in Brebes, Magelang, and Kulon Progo. Molecular detection by RT-PCR method using universal polerovirus primers O3R/PL4F, followed by sequence analysis, confirmed the presence of PeVYV on samples from Magelang and Kulon Progo. Furthermore, the isolates of PeVYV are identified as PeVYV-2, PeVYV-6, and PeVYV-8. These current incidences indicate the expansion of the Polerovirus distribution in Indonesia