23 research outputs found
Durabilitas Resistensi Varietas Unggul Jagung Terhadap Penyakit Bulai dari Spesies Peronosclerospora Maydis
No full text<p>The research of the durability of maize high-yielding variety resistance towards downy meldew from the Peronosclerospora maydis species aims to discover the durability of maize high-yielding variety resistance towards Downy mildew P. maydis. This research was conducted in Kediri, East Java particularly in downy mildew endemic area, from pathogen which causes P. maydis. There are 10 new high-yielding varieties that were tested. The experiment was compiled in group plan with 3 rehearsals. Every patch size are 5 x 4, the plant space is 75 x 20 cm, the population each patch is 90 plants. At the age of 10 days after the cultivation, the plants were supplied with mixed basic fertilizer from urea, ZA, SP-36, and KCI in which their amount are 100 kg, 100 kg, and 100 kg/ha. At the second and third fertilization on the 30th and 45th days after the cultivation, the plants were supplied 100 kg urea/ha each fertilization period. The result show that the variety of Bima 5, HJ 21 Agritan, Bima-14 Batara dan Bisi 19 URI which previously had a high characteristic of resistance towards downy mildew performed low resistance durability or turned to be vulnerable with downy meldew infection approximately 62 % - 77,25 %. In contrast, the variety of Bima-3 Bantimurung, Bima -20 URI, Bima 15 Sayang and Lagaligo composite maize indicated higer resistence durability with downy mildew infection approximately 13,59 % - 20,39 % in vulnerability comparison (Anoman) reached 100%. The systemic influence of the characteristic of resistance durability also appeared on the production variable and weight of 1000 seeds.</p><p> </p></jats:p
Variasi Virulensi Virus Tungro Bersumber Dari Inokulum Di Daerah Endemis Tungro Di Indonesia
Full text linkVariations in virulence of tungro viruses from various inoculum sources in tungro endemic areas in Indonesia. Rice tungro disease is caused by virus which is effectively transferred by the green leafhopper. Reactions of resistant varieties to virus sources of inocula from 15 tungro endemic areas were employed as indicator of variations of virus virulence. The green leafhopper of Sukamandi's population was used as the vector and allowed to transfer viruses acquired from tungro's infected plants from 15 tungro endemic areas to five groups of virus resistant varieties based on parent source of resistance using free choice screening box method. The results showed that the most resistant variety was group V1-Tukad Petanu, followed by V4-Tukad Unda, V2-Tukad Balian and V3-Bondoyudo. Based on resistance test result group variety of V1-Tukad Petanu is recommended for 15 provinces source of incula except for Sulawesi Utara. Group variety of V4-Tukad Unda is not recommended to plant in Yogyakarta and Banten provinces. Group V2-Tukad Balian is not recommended to plant in Bali, Sulawesi Utara, Banten and Kalimantan Selatan provinces. Group V3-Bondoyudo is not recommended to plant in Jawa Tengah, Yogyakarta, and Banten provinces. There were variations in virus virulence among sources of inocula. Six virulence variants were identified, i.e. 001 (Jawa Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Jawa Timur, Lampung, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Papua), 011 (Jawa Tengah), 021 (Bali, Kalimantan Selatan), 051 (Yogyakarta), 071 (Banten) and 121 (Sulawesi Utara)
Kelestarian Ketahanan Varietas Unggul Jagung Terhadap Penyakit Bulai Peronosclerospora Maydis
Full text linkDowny mildew is an important disease in maize. Varietal resistance is considered the most practical for disease management. The research was aimed to obtain durable resistant to downy mildew on high-yielding maize varieties. The study was conducted in Kediri, East Java, in a downy mildew endemic area. Ten new high-yielding maize varieties were tested. The treatmens was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Seeds of each variety were sown in a 5 m x 4 m plot, at a 75 cm x 20 cm plant spacing consisted of 120 plants/plot. At 10 days after planting (DAP), the crops was fertilized with urea, SP-36, and KCl at rate of 100 kg, 100 kg, and 100 kg/ha, respectively. The second and third fertilizer applications were done at 30 and 45 DAP using 100 kg urea/ha. Results showed that varieties Bima-5, HJ 21 Agritan, Bima-14 Batara, and Bisi-19, which were previously highly resistant to downy mildew, showed low resistance durabilities and became susceptible to the disease, with the disease intensities ranging from 62 to 77.2%. Conversely, Bima-3 Bantimurung, Bima-20 URI (STJ 109), Bima 5 Sayang, and Lagaligo (composite variety) indicated more durable resistance with the disease intensities ranging from 13.5 to 20.3%, as compared to the susceptible variety Anoman (100%). The effect of durable resistant to downy mildew was also shown on the maize yield and 1000 seeds weight
THE EFFECTIVENESS COMBINATION OF RESISTANT VARIETIES AND METALAXIL FUNGICIDE IN CONTROLLING DOWNY MILDEW DISEASE (Peronosclerospora maydis) IN MAIZE PLANT
No full textThe Effectiveness Combination of Resistant Varieties and Metalaxil Fungicide in Controlling Downy Mildew Disease (Peronosclerospora Maydis) in Maize Plant
Full text linkDowny mildew caused by Peronosclerospora maydis is an important disease in the centers of corn cultivation in Java. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a combination of metalaxyl fungicide and varieties that have a high sustainability of downy mildew caused by P. maydis. The study was conducted in Kediri, East Java, which is an endemic area of downy mildew caused by P. maydis. The Split Plot Design with 3 replications was used in this study. The main plots were 5 corn varieties (1) Bima-3 Bantimurung, (2) Bima-20 URI, (3) Lagaligo, (4) Bima-15 Sayang, and (5) Anoman as a susceptible check. The subplots were 5 levels of seed treatment dose with metalaxyl fungicide (0 g/kg, 2 g/kg, 3 g/kg, 5 g/kg, and 7 g/kg seeds). The combination of resistant varieties with metalaxyl at a dose level of 5 g and 7 g/kg of corn seeds was effective in controlling downy mildew caused by P. maydis. In Bima-3 varieties Bantimurung and Lagaligo showed low infection reactions of 7.7-8.1%, and 10.4–11.2% respectively. In a combination of treatment conditions of susceptible varieties (Anoman) with 2, 3, 5 and 7 g/kg seeds, disease incidence reach 100% or most of the plants die. The lower incidence was also followed by yield, ear length and weight of a 1000 seeds that higher than other treatments. The combination of the use of susceptible variety with 2 g to 7 g/kg of metallaxyl doses was not effective in controlling downy mildew caused by P. maydis
Cemaran Mikotoksin, Bioekologi Patogen Fusarium veriticillioides dan Upaya Pengendaliannya pada Jagung
No full textFusarium sp. merupakan salah satu patogen penting pada tanaman jagung di Indonesia, yang menginfeksi batang, tongkol, dan biji jagung di lapangan maupun pada tempat penyimpanan. Cemaran F. verticillioides perlu diwaspadai karena patogen tersebut menghasilkan toksin fumonisin (FB1, FB2, dan FB3). Fusarium sp. terdiri atas enam spesies, dan spesies yang dominan menginfeksi jagung ialah F. verticillioides. Infeksi patogen tersebut pada biji jagung dapat menimbulkan gejala maupun tanpa gejala (symptomless). Pengendalian hayati pada tanaman di lapangan dengan Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. mojavensis, dan bahan kimia berbahan aktif asam amonia dan propionat efektif menekan infeksi F. vert
Potensi Pemanfaatan Teknik Molekuler Berbasis DNA dalam Penelitian Penyakit Bulai pada Jagung: Potensi Pemanfaatan Teknik Molekuler Berbasis DNA dalam Penelitian Penyakit Bulai pada Jagung
No full textDowny mildew is one of the major diseases in maize that may decrease maize production in Indonesia. Downy mildew in maize is caused by Peronosclerospora spp. that are obligate parasites that cannot be grown in a synthetic growth medium. Efforts to control the disease by using resistant maize varieties and fungicides often did not give the expected results, this might be due to the variations of the pathogen that have diverse nature and responses. Identification and the understanding of the biodiversity of downy mildew are major key aspects in efforts to control the disease. The Identification of species morphologically is often difficult due to the limited distinguishing characteristics and close similarities between them. Molecular biology methods are now starting to be widely used because they can provide information about the diversity of an organism genetically quickly and accurately. Therefore molecular biology methods can be used to support the morphological observations. The use of molecular markers such as RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, and SSR as well as direct sequencing of specific DNA regions (rDNA, ITS region of rDNA and mtDNA) can represent the diversity of downy mildew. In Indonesia, generally, there are three main species that cause downy mildew in maize i.e, P. philippinensis, P. maydis and P. sorghi. In the future, the use of new molecular biology techniques may provide more information faster and accurately that may be able to open more possibilities for disease control efforts.Penyakit bulai merupakan salah satu penyakit utama yang menyerang tanaman jagung yang dapat menurunkan produksi jagung di Indonesia. Penyakit bulai pada jagung disebabkan oleh Peronosclerospora spp. yang bersifat parasit obligat sehingga tidak dapat ditumbuhkan di media kutur sintetik. Upaya pengendalian penyakit dengan penggunaan varietas jagung yang tahan penyakit bulai dan penggunaan fungisida seringkali tidak memberikan hasil yang diharapkan, karena patogen penyebab penyakit bulai yang beragam jenisnya sehingga memberikan respon yang berbeda pula. Identifikasi dan pemahaman tentang biodiversitas patogen penyebab penyakit bulai sangat penting dalam upaya pengendalian penyakit bulai. Identifikasi spesies secara morfologis terkadang sulit dilakukan karena karakter pembeda yang terbatas dan mirip. Metode biologi molekuler saat ini mulai secara luas digunakan, karena dapat memberikan informasi keragaman dari suatu organisme secara genetik secara cepat dan akurat. Oleh karena itu metode biologi molekuler dapat digunakan untuk mendukung hasil pengamatan secara morfologis. Penggunaan marka molekuler seperti RAPD, RFLP, AFLP dan SSR serta sekuensing region DNA tertentu (rDNA, region ITS rDNA dan mtDNA) secara langsung dapat menggambarkan keanekaragaman patogen penyakit bulai. Di Indonesia terdapat tiga spesies utama penyebab bulai yaitu P. philippinensis, P. maydis dan P. sorghi. Kedepan penggunaan teknik-teknik biologi molekuler baru dapat memberikan informasi yang lebih banyak, cepat, dan akurat akan dapat membuka lebih banyak kemungkinan bagi upaya pengendalian penyakit ini
THE EFFECT OF N-NH3 INCLUSION ON THE DEGRADATION OF TANNIN OF SORGHUM GRAIN BY RUMEN MICROBES
Full text linkTwo experiments were conducted to study the effect of N-NH3 inclusion in the rumen liquor on the degradation of tannin of whole sorghum grain. The first experiment was carried out to determine the effect of N-NH3 inclusion doses in the rumen liquor on the degradation of sorghum grain tannin. The urea as a source of N-NH3 were included in rumen liquor at doses of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% from the weight of whole sorghum grain (w/w). The degradation of sorghum grain tannin was increased (P<0.05) by the doses of N-NH3 inclusion, but the degradation of sorghum grain tannin began to decrease at 1.5% of N-NH3 inclusion dose. In the second experiment, the 1% of N-NH3 inclusion dose was used to evaluate the duration of fermentation in the rumen liquor. The whole sorghum grain were fermented for 12h, 24h, 48h, and 48h in the rumen liquor. The 48h of fermentation gave a highest production of total protein
production. The growth of tannase producing rumen microbes could be enhanced by inclusion of N-NH3
STORY METHOD IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN EARLY CHILDREN'S EDUCATION
Full text linkThe activities and lessons both carried out in the classroom and outside the classroom, and with a variety of methods, such as methods of playing, telling stories, singing and others. Considering the many methods used in the educational process, in this study, the author will limit the problem or focus on the story method in Islamic education the application and influence of story methods in Islamic education implemented and developed in kindergartens in order to form qualified, healthy and skilled children. So what is meant by the title of the story method in Islamic education here is to instill the values of Islamic teachings in the child by using the story method implemented / applied in kindergarten
Study of soil–to–plant transfer factors (TFs) of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K on plants cultivated on ex–tin mining land in Bangka Belitung, Indonesia
Full text linkSoil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) are of fundamental importance in measuring the environmental impact due to the presence of radioactivity in soil and agricultural crops. The present study thus to measure soil-to-plant TFs of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K on horticultural plants cultivated on ex–tin mining land in Bangka Belitung islands. There were 21 samples of 15 species and 13 families from 17 locations comprising four vegetables species, five fruits species, three staple foods species, and three others. The TFs were measured in leaves, fruit, cereal, kernel, shoot, or rhizome. The results showed that 238U and 137Cs were almost not found in plants, whereas 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were measured. In soursop leaf, common pepper leaf, and cassava peel, on 226Ra, the TFs for the non–edible parts, (0.42 ± 0.02; 1.05 ± 0.17; 0.32 ± 0.01 respectively) were significantly higher than soursop fruit, common pepper seed, and cassava root for the edible parts (0.01 ± 0.005; 0.29 ± 0.09; 0.04 ± 0.02 respectively)
