AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian
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Pengaruh Lama Waktu Pengadukan Dengan Penambahan Asam Asetat Dalam Pembuatan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO): The Effect of Stirring Time With the Addition of Acetic Acid in The Production of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)
Full text linkVirgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is unheated coconut oil processing, which leaves the oil\u27s composition and properties unchanged. In the process of making VCO, various methods can be used, including: Techniques such as acidification, controlled heating,centrifugation, fishing, fermentation, and enzymatic. In this study, VCO was made using the acidification method with the addition of 20% acetic acid. The approach taken was a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 2 factors and every treatmentwas carried out three times, in order for 18 experimental units to be acquired. DA variance analysis was used to examine the data and continued with BNT at a level of 5%. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the addition of acetic acid (1% and 2%) and the duration of stirring using a hand mixer with a maximum speed of 1,500 rpm for (10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes) and the interaction between the addition of acetic acid and the duration of stirring on the yield and quality produced. The VCO analysis test in this study included the yield test (%), water content (%), Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content, peroxide number, specific gravity, and organoleptic (color, aroma, taste). According to the study\u27s findings, the highest yield was 26.84% with the addition of 1% acetic acid with a stirring time of 15 minutes.Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) ialah minyak kelapa yang dalam pemrosesannya tidak melalui dipanaskan, yang kemudian tak mengubah komponen dan karakter dari minyaknya. Pada prosedur pembuatan VCO bisa menggunakan beragam cara, diantaranya: pengasaman, pemanasan terkontrol, sentrifugasi, pemancingan, fermentasi, hingga enzimatis. Dalam penelitian ini pembuatan VCO dilakukan melalui metode pengasaman melalui penambahan asam asetat 20%. Metode yang dipergunakan ialah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor dan setiap perlakuan diulangi selama 3 kali, sehingga didapat 18 satuan percobaan. Datanya dilakukan analisis menggunakan sidik ragam dan dilanjut menggunakan BNT pada taraf 5%. Penelitian ditujukan dalam rangka menyelidiki pengaruh penambahan asam asetat (1% dan 2%) dan lama waktu pengadukan menggunakan hand mixer kecepatan maksimal yaitu 1.500 rpm dalam waktu (10 menit, 15 menit, 20 menit) dan interaksi antara penambahan asam asetat dan lama pengadukan terhadap rendemen dan mutu yang didapat. Pengujian analisis VCO mencakupi uji rendemen (%), kadar air (%), kadar Free Fatty Acid (FFA) atau asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, berat jenis, dan organoleptik (warna, aroma, rasa). Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan rendemen terbanyak sebesar 26,84% pada penambahan asam asetat 1% dengan lama waktu pengadukan 15 menit
Application of Gypsum Waste and Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) in Ultisol Soil
Full text linkPeanut is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia as a protein and vegetable oil source. Soil conditions in Indonesia are usually ultisol soils that have low pH and nutrients, this is an obstacle in peanut cultivation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a combination of calcite sources and organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of peanut in ultisol soil. This research was conducted from May to August 2024 at UPTD Balai Benih Pertanian Air Pelempang, Bangka Regency. The research used a split-plot randomized group design. The main plot was without a calcite source (P1), agricultural calcite (P2), and gypsum waste (P3). Subplots were commercial compost (K1), chicken manure (K2), and cow manure (K3). Data analysis was performed using an analysis of variance with a significant level of 95% and a follow-up test with Duncan\u27s Multiple Range Test with a significant level of 95%. The results showed that the treatment of calcite sources from agricultural calcite was better than the treatment of gypsum waste and without calcite sources. The treatment of organic fertilizer from chicken manure was better than cow manure and commercial compost. The combination that gave the best results with the highest value was agricultural calcite and chicken manure fertilizer, which affected all parameters except the percentage of effective root nodules, root dry weight, and flowering age. Gypsum waste has the potential to be a substitute for agricultural calcite when combined with chicken manure fertilizer, as it does not have significant results with agricultural calcite
Pengaruh 2,4-D dan BAP terhadap Multiplikasi Tanaman Vanili (Vanilla planifolia Andrews): Pengaruh 2,4-D dan BAP terhadap Multiplikasi Tanaman Vanili (Vanilla planifolia Andrews)
No full textVanilla is a plant that has many benefits, high selling value and potential to be developed. Conventional propagation of vanilla such as through cuttings has not been effective, so a more effective method of propagation is needed, one of which is propagation through tissue culture. In-vitro propagation of vanilla can be through shoot multiplication to produce fast plantlets. One of the successes of shoot multiplication is influenced by the hormone given. This study aims to determine the effect of giving a combination of 2,4-D and BAP on the multiplication of vanilla shoots. The study design used CRD with a combination factor of 2,4-D (concentration 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, and 1.5 mg/L) and BAP (concentration 0.25 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, and 0.75 mg/L). The explants used were vanilla stem segments. Based on the research results, the combined treatment with concentrations of 2,4-D 1 mg/L and BAP 0.5 mg/L had a very significant effect on the multiplication of vanilla shoots with the fastest emergence of shoots with an average of 6.6 wap, the highest number of shoots was 7 shoots, and the survival percentage was 100%.Vanili adalah tanaman yang memiliki banyak manfaat, nilai jual yang tinggi dan potensi untuk dikembangkan. Perbanyakan vanili secara konvensional seperti melalui stek belum efektif, sehingga perlu metode perbanyakan yang lebih efektif salah satunya perbanyakan melalui kultur jaringan. Perbanyakan vanili secara in-vitro dapat melalui multiplikasi tunas untuk menghasilkan planlet yang cepat. Keberhasilan multiplikasi tunas salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh hormon yang diberikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kombinasi 2,4-D dan BAP pada multiplikasi tunas vanili. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan RAL dengan faktor kombinasi 2,4-D (konsentrasi 0,5 mg/L, 1,0 mg/L, dan 1,5 mg/L) dan BAP (konsentrasi 0,25 mg/L, 0,5 mg/L, dan 0,75 mg/L). Eksplan yang digunakan yaitu ruas batang vanili. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, perlakuan kombinasi konsentrasi 2,4-D 1 mg/L dan BAP 0,5 mg/L berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap multiplikasi tunas vanili dengan kedinian munculnya tunas tercepat dengan rata-rata selama 6,6 mst, jumlah tunas terbanyak 7 tunas, dan persentase hidup sebesar 100%
Daya Gabung Galur Inbred, Penampilan dan Heterosis Hibrida Silang Tunggal Jagung (Zea mays L.): Daya Gabung Galur Inbred, Penampilan dan Heterosis Hibrida Silang Tunggal Jagung (Zea mays L.)
No full textThe utilization of superior hybrid varieties is pivotal in enhancing national maize productivity. Therefore, the continuous development of cultivars specifically adapted to distinct agroecosystems remains imperative. To that end, this study evaluated six inbred lines and 15 single-cross hybrids derived from a half diallel mating design to assess the combining ability of these inbred lines and examine the agronomic performance and heterotic expression manifested in the resulting hybrids. All genotypes, including the hybrids, inbred parents, and a check variety (P32), were tested using an RCBD with two replications in Nagari Situjuah, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using F-tests followed by a planned LSD test with SAS software at the 5% significance level. PCA and path analysis were performed using RStudio, while GCA and SCA were analyzed using Diallel-SAS software. Results showed that the UZ 9 line performed the highest GCA for growth, flowering and yield-related traits. Hybrids UZ 3><UZ 9 (H2), P137-1><R2 (H14), and CLYN><R2 (H15) exhibited the best SCA values, coupled with superior agronomic performance, positive and high heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and standard heterosis for yield, achieving up to 11 tons hectare⁻¹, comparable to P32. PCA further supported these findings, which revealed that H2, H14, and H15 were associated with shorter flowering, harvesting periods and higher kernel yield. Path analysis identified kernel weight ear⁻¹ as the most influential variable affecting kernel yield hectare⁻¹. These findings highlight H2, H14, and H15 as promising hybrids with strong potential for further development and evaluation before release as new superior hybrid varieties.Penggunaan varietas hibrida unggul berperan penting dalam meningkatkan produktivitas jagung nasional, sehingga perakitan varietas adaptif terhadap agroekosistem spesifik perlu terus dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai daya gabung galur inbred dan penampilan agronomis dan heterosis hibrida yang dihasilkan dari persilangan half diallel enam galur inbred. Seluruh genotipe, termasuk 15 hibrida, enam tetua inbred dan satu varietas hibrida pembanding (P32), diuji menggunakan RAK dengan dua ulangan di Nagari Situjuah, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Provinsi Sumatra Barat. Data dianalisis dengan uji F dan dilanjutkan dengan BNT terencana pada taraf 5% menggunakan aplikasi SAS, analisis komponen utama atau PCA dan analisis jalur menggunakan aplikasi RStudio, sedangkan analisis Daya Gabung Umum (DGU) dan Daya Gabung Khusus (DGK) menggunakan aplikasi Diallel-SAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur UZ 9 memiliki nilai DGU terbaik terhadap karakter pertumbuhan, pembungaan, dan hasil, sementara kombinasi persilangan galur UZ3><UZ 9 (H2), P137-1><R2 (H14) dan CLYN><R2 (H15) menunjukkan nilai DGK terbaik, serta nilai heterosis, heterobeltiosis, dan heterosis standar yang positif dan tinggi terhadap hasil. Ketiga hibrida memiliki produksi mencapai hingga 11 ton hektare⁻¹, sebanding dengan varietas P32. Hasil temuan ini diperkuat oleh analisis PCA yang menunjukkan bahwa H2, H14, dan H15 berasosiasi dengan umur berbunga dan umur panen yang lebih pendek serta bobot biji yang tinggi. Analisis jalur megindentifikasi variabel bobot biji-tongkol⁻¹ sebagai faktor yang paling berpengaruh langsung terhadap bobot biji hektare⁻¹. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa H2, H14, dan H15 merupakan hibrida yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dan dievaluasi lebih lanjut sebelum dilepas sebagai varietas unggul baru
Respons Tiga Varietas Kacang Hijau terhadap Aplikasi Pupuk Boron dengan Dosis Bervariasi: Respons Tiga Varietas Kacang Hijau terhadap Aplikasi Pupuk Boron dengan Dosis Bervariasi
No full textBoron is a micronutrient that plays an important role in plant growth and development. This research aims to determine the response of several varieties to the application of different doses of boron fertilizer and to obtain the best dose for each variety. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with a two-factor factorial pattern with two replications. The first factor is three varieties of green beans (Kutilang, Vima 2, Sampoeng) and the second is five levels of boron fertilization doses (0 kg ha-1, 1,5 kg ha-1, 3,0 kg ha-1, 4,5 kg ha-1, 6,0 kg ha-1). The variables observed are growth, yield and yield components variables. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan\u27s test, each at the 5% level. The optimum dose for each variety was obtained through second order (quadratic) regression analysis. The results show that there are differences in the response between the three varieties to boron fertilizer in the variable seed weight per plant. The influence of varieties can be seen independently on all variables, the influence of boron fertilizer has an independent influence on all variables except the number of primary branches. The optimum dose of boron for the kutilang variety is 2.39 kg ha-1, the Vima 2 variety is 3.36 kg ha-1, and Sampoeng, 3.19 kg ha-1.Boron merupakan salah satu unsur mikronutrien yang berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui respons beberapa varietas terhadap aplikasi pemupukan boron berbeda dosis serta mendapatkan dosis terbaik pada tiap-tiap varietas. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial dua faktor dengan dua ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah tiga varietas kacang hijau (Kutilang, Vima 2, Sampoeng) dan yang kedua adalah lima taraf dosis pemupukan boron (0 kg ha-1, 1,5 kg ha-1, 3,0 kg ha-1, 4,5 kg ha-1, 6,0 kg ha-1). Variabel yang diamati adalah variabel pertumbuhan, hasil dan komponen hasil. Data dianalisis dengan analisis varians dan uji Duncan, masing-masing pada taraf 5%. Dosis optimum bagi tiap-tiap varietas diperoleh melalui analisis regresi berordo dua (kuadratik). Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan respons antara tiga varietas terhadap pupuk boron pada variabel bobot biji per tanaman. Pengaruh varietas secara mandiri terlihat pada semua variable, pengaruh pupuk boron berpengaruh secara mandiri pada semua variabel kecuali jumlah cabang primer. Dosis optimum boron untuk varietas kutilang adalah 2,39 kg ha-1 varietas Vima 2 adalah 3,36 kg ha-1, dan Sampoeng, 3,19 kg ha-1
Morphophysiological and Vanillin Quality Evaluation of Vanilla Plants (Vanilla planifolia Andr.) under Water Stress
Full text linkVanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andr.) is a globally popular flavoring cultivated in tropical regions such as Madagascar, Indonesia, and Mexico. Due to global climate change, particularly the El Niño phenomenon, droughts have become more frequent, impacting water availability and quality for vanilla plants. This study addresses these challenges by examining the plant’s responses to drought at a vanilla plantation in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, over two years. A completely randomized design was used, testing five water stress levels (100%, 50%, 25%, 150%, and 200% field capacity). Variables measured included relative water content, physiological activity, chlorophyll, proline content, leaf total acid, photosynthesis efficiency, and morphological traits. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. Vanilla plants exhibited significant physiological and morphological changes in response to varying water conditions. Severe drought (25% water stress) led to reduced relative water content, chlorophyll levels, and CO₂ assimilation, alongside increased proline accumulation. Moderate drought (50% water stress) had a lesser impact. Under field capacity (100%) and excess water (150% and 200%), plants maintained higher relative water content and chlorophyll levels, efficient CO₂ assimilation, and optimal morphological traits. The presence of proline under excess water suggests a dual stress response to drought and waterlogging. Beans from severely drought-stressed plants showed a significant decrease in vanillin content and weight. Identifying and developing vanilla varieties with greater tolerance to water scarcity is essential to ensure sustainable production in the face of climate change.Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andr.) is a globally popular flavoring cultivated in tropical regions such as Madagascar, Indonesia, and Mexico. Due to global climate change, particularly the El Niño phenomenon, droughts have become more frequent, impacting water availability and quality for vanilla plants. This study addresses these challenges by examining the plant’s responses to drought at a vanilla plantation in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, over two years. A completely randomized design was used, testing five water stress levels (100%, 50%, 25%, 150%, and 200% field capacity). Variables measured included relative water content, physiological activity, chlorophyll, proline content, leaf total acid, photosynthesis efficiency, and morphological traits. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. Vanilla plants exhibited significant physiological and morphological changes in response to varying water conditions. Severe drought (25% water stress) led to reduced relative water content, chlorophyll levels, and CO₂ assimilation, alongside increased proline accumulation. Moderate drought (50% water stress) had a lesser impact. Under field capacity (100%) and excess water (150% and 200%), plants maintained higher relative water content and chlorophyll levels, efficient CO₂ assimilation, and optimal morphological traits. The presence of proline under excess water suggests a dual stress response to drought and waterlogging. Beans from severely drought-stressed plants showed a significant decrease in vanillin content and weight. Identifying and developing vanilla varieties with greater tolerance to water scarcity is essential to ensure sustainable production in the face of climate change
Hubungan Kekerabatan Padi dan Mutu Beras Gogo Aksesi Lokal Bangka Barat: Genetic Relationship and Rice Quality of Upland Rice Local Accessions from West Bangka Regency
No full textGenetic diversity of local rice is important for food security and sustainable agriculture. Local rice excels in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, short harvest periods, and cost efficiency, making it a favorable choice for farmers and consumers. This research aims to analyze the genetic relationships, rice organoleptic properties, and chemical characteristics of several upland rice local accessions in West Bangka Regency. This study used a field survey method with purposive random sampling technique. Samples were collected for 34 quantitative and qualitative characters. Chemical property testing included moisture content, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, lignin, amylose, and anthocyanin, as well as organoleptic testing. Data analysis used NTSys and DSSASTAT software. The genetic relationship based on qualitative characters was divided into two clusters at a 61% coefficient, and the closest genetic relationship was found between Jawa and Mayang accessions with a 100% coefficient. Lignin content ranged from 0.62-0.79%, amylose from 8.14-18.64%, and anthocyanin from 0.04-2.54%, varying among accessions. Variations in moisture content were 11.63-13.13%, ash 0.34-0.59%, fat 0.12-0.78%, protein 7.42-8.92%, and carbohydrates 77.84-80.28%. Organoleptic tests showed that the Pulut Emas accession received the highest overall rating of 3.68.Keragaman genetik padi lokal penting untuk ketahanan pangan dan pertanian berkelanjutan. Beras lokal unggul dalam ketahanan terhadap tekanan biotik dan abiotik, masa panen yang singkat dan efisiensi biaya, serta menjadi pilihan yang menguntungkan bagi petani dan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan kekerabatan, organoleptik nasi dan sifat kimia beras dari beberapa padi gogo aksesi lokal di Kabupaten Bangka Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei lapangan dengan teknik purposive random sampling. Sampel dikumpulkan sebanyak 34 karakter secara kuantitaif dan kualitatif. Pengujian sifa kimia berupa uji kadar air, abu, lemak, protein, karbohidrat, lignin, amilosa dan antosianin, serta pengujian organoleptik. Analisis data menggunakan software NTSys dan DSASTAT. Hubungan kekerabatan berdasarkan karakter kualitatif terbagi atas dua klaster pada koefisien 61% dan hubungan kekerabaan terdekat terdapat pada aksesi Jawa dan Mayang dengan koefisien 100%. Kandungan lignin berkisar 0,62-0,79%, amilosa 8,14-18,64% dan antosianin 0,04-2,54% berbeda antar aksesi. Variasi dalam kadar air adalah 11,63-13,13%, abu 0,34-0,59%, lemak 0,12-0,78%, protein 7,42-8,92% dan karbohidrat 77,84-80,28%. Uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa aksesi Pulut Emas menerima penilaian tertinggi secara keseluruhan yaitu 3,68
Deteksi Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) pada Tanaman Brokoli di Boyolali, Indonesia: Deteksi Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) pada Tanaman Brokoli di Boyolali, Indonesia
No full textTurnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is one of the emerging viruses that causes serious yield losses of brassica vegetables, including Indonesia. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a potential horticultural commodity in Indonesia because of its many benefits. The objective of this study was to detect TuMV-infecting broccoli using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Field survey has been conducted to determine disease symptoms in broccoli field Boyolali, Central Java. This study was conducted through several phases, which are: leaves sample collection on the field, virus RNA isolation, RT-PCR, and TuMV detection using coat protein (CP) specific primer. The result of field observed broccoli plant with several symptom of TuMV infection, such as: mosaic symptom leaf, blister leaf, vein banding, vein clearing, and yellowing of leaf spot. The detection of TuMV by RT-PCR showed that broccoli with those symptoms observed is positively infected by TuMV. Specific DNA band was amplified from infected plant on 800 bp. This study is report of naturally infection of TuMV on broccoli with those symptoms at Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia.Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) adalah salah satu virus tanaman yang menyebabkan kerugian panen pada tanaman sayuran jenis brassica, termasuk di Indonesia. Brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) yang merupakan komoditas penting sayuran di daerah dataran tinggi Jawa Tengah memiliki masalah terkait produktivitas menurun dikarenakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi TuMV yang menginfeksi brokoli dengan menggunakan teknik reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Survei lapangan telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui gejala penyakit di kebun brokoli di Boyolali, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap, yaitu: pengambilan sampel daun di lapangan, isolasi RNA virus, RT-PCR, dan deteksi dengan menggunakan primer spesifik coat protein (CP). Hasil pengamatan di lapangan ditemukan tanaman brokoli yang menunjukkan beberapa gejala infeksi TuMV, seperti: gejala mosaik daun, daun melepuh, urat daun melebar, urat daun terbuka, dan bercak daun menguning. Deteksi TuMV dengan RT-PCR menunjukkan bahwa brokoli dengan gejala-gejala tersebut positif terinfeksi TuMV. Pita DNA spesifik teramplifikasi dari tanaman terinfeksi terdeteksi pada 800 bp. Penelitian ini melaporkan adanya infeksi TuMV secara alami pada tanaman brokoli dengan gejala-gejala tersebut di Boyolali, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
Maize Maize Development with Planting Methode the Zig-Zag System for Increasing Productivity in the Tidal Swampland: Pengembangan Jagung dengan Metoda Tanam Sistem Zig-Zag untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas di Lahan Rawa Pasang Surut
No full textMaize is the second main food commodity in the Indonesian economic system. The self-sufficiency was achieved in 2017, however the nation\u27s corn production to decrease and import value in 2018 and 2019 increased by 60.98% and 25.49% or about 1.15 million tons and 293,210 tons. The projection of cornproduction until 2024 will increase by about 24.04 - 24.98 million tonsof dry peel with a growth rate of about 2.05%. The development of maize in the tidal swampland by the extensification of the planting area is very possible, particularly on the C, C/D, and D overflow type land that is about 3.36 million hectares wide. According to the growth rate, the planting area increasedby about 75,000 ha would contribute about 396.750 tons/year to the nation\u27s production. One of the planting methods that could be applied for maize plants to increase productivity and corn production is the Zig-Zag System. The zig-zag system could increase plant population by around 60-80% and yield 30-40% per hectare. The development of hybrid variety with the Zig-Zag system by the 75 x 25 x 12.5 cm spacing 100-hectare wides in the acid sulfate land conducted in South Kalimantan, could be increasing the corn productivity achieved 14 ton/ha dry peel with 15% water content. The development of maize with planting methods the zig-zag systems in the tidal swampland very prospectively to supporting an increase of nation corn production.Jagung salah satu komoditas pangan strategis kedua pada sistem perekonomian nasional di Indonesia. Swasembada jagung sudah dicapai pada tahun 2017, tetapi faktor produksi jagung nasional menurun dan volume impor jagung pada tahun 2018 dan 2019 meningkat menjadi 60,98% dan 25,49% atau sebesar 1,15 juta ton dan 293.210 ton. Proyeksi produksi jagung nasional pada tahun 2024 akan meningkat 24,04 - 24,98 juta ton pipilan kering dengan laju pertumbuhan sekitar 2,05%. Pengembangan jagung di lahan rawa pasang surut melalui perluasan areal sangat prospektif, khususnya pada lahan tipe luapan C dan C/D yang luasnya sekitar 3,66 juta ha. Sesuai laju pertumbuhan maka pertambahan luas areal tanam jagung sekitar 75.000 ha dan akan memberi kontribusi terhadap produksi nasional sebesar 396.750 ton per tahun. Salah satu metoda tanam yang dapat diterapkan meningkatkan produktivitas dan produksi jagung adalah sistem zig-Zag. Sistem tanam zig-zag meningkatkan populasi tanam sekitar 60-80% dan meningkatkan hasil jagung 30-40%. Pengembangan jagung hibrida sistem zig-zag dengan jarak tanam 75 x 25 x 12,5 cm di lahan sulfat masam seluas 100 ha sudah dilaksanakan di Kalimantan Selatan, dapat meningkatkan produktivitas jagung 14 ton/ha pipilan kering dengan kadar air 15%. Pengembangan tanaman jagung dengan metoda tanam sistem zig-zag di lahan pasang surut sangat prospektif untuk mendukung peningkatan produksi jagung nasional
Efektivitas Minyak Atsiri dan Ekstrak N-Heksana Daun Beluntas sebagai Insektisida Alami dengan Bioindikator Ulat Hongkong: Efektivitas Minyak Atsiri dan Ekstrak N-Heksana Daun Beluntas sebagai Insektisida Alami dengan Bioindikator Ulat Hongkong
No full textNatural insecticides are pest control materials derived from natural sources such as plants. The use of natural insecticides is very important because it has a lower cost, is safe for living things and does not pollute the environment, so this study aims to determine the activity of essential oils and n-hexane extracts of beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica L.) as natural insecticides with bioindicators of Hong Kong caterpillars (Tenebrio molitor). Isolation of essential oils was carried out using the steam distillation method and extraction using the maceration method. Insecticide activity tests used the contact poison method and the residue method, with variations in extract and essential oil concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 20%, 30% (v/v) and positive controls, namely Hippo insecticide and negative control tween 80. The results of the isolation of essential oils from beluntas leaves produced a yield of 2%, while extraction using the maceration method produced a yield of 1.84%. The results of the insecticide activity test using the contact poison method were more effective than the residue method. The insecticidal activity and n-hexane extract are more effective than essential oils, this is due to the differences in the content of secondary metabolite compounds contained in the extract and essential oil.Insektisida alami adalah bahan pengendali hama yang berasal dari sumber – sumber alami seperti tanaman. Penggunaan insektisida alami sangat penting karena memiliki biaya yang lebih murah, dan keamanan bagi makhluk hidup dan tidak mencemari lingkungan sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas minyak atsiri dan ekstrak n-heksana daun beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) sebagai insektisida alami dengan bioindikator ulat hongkong (Tenebrio molitor). Isolasi minyak atsiri dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode destilasi uap dan ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi. Uji aktivitas insektisida menggunakan metode racun kontak dan metode residu, dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak dan minyak atsiri sebesar 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 20%, 30% (v/v) serta kontrol positif yaitu insektisida Hippo dan kontrol negatif tween 80. Hasil isolasi minyak atsiri daun beluntas menghasilkan 2% rendemen, sedangkan ekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode maserasi menghasilkan 1,84% rendemen. Hasil uji aktivitas insektisida metode racun kontak lebih efektif dibandingkan metode residu. Aktivitas insektisida dan ekstrak n-heksana lebih efektif dibandingkan minyak atsiri dikarenakan perbedaan kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam ekstrak dan minyak atsiri