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Desain Interior Bangunan Kuno Roemahkoe Heritage Hotel di Surakarta (Kajian Wujud, Konsep dan Gaya)
Get PDFmalia Putri Larasati. C0813007, 2017.Desain Interior Bangunan Kuno “Roemahkoe Heritage Hotel”di Surakarta (Kajian Wujud, Konsep dan Gaya).Skripsi : Program Studi Desain Interior, Fakultas Seni Rupa dan Desain Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Roemahkoe Heritage Hotel di Laweyan adalah Bangunan Cagar Budaya yang berdiri dengan pengaruh budaya tradisional dan kolonial, serta merupakan hasil pemanfaatan ulang. Sebagai sebuah proses pemanfaatan ulang, bangunan Roemahkoe Heritage Hotel masih mempertahankan keaslian pada interior, termasuk didalamnya wujud, konsep dan gaya penyajian interior. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini membahas mengenai 1).Bagaimana wujud interior, 2). Konsep apa yang melatar belakangi interior nya beserta dengan 3). Gaya atau langgam apa yang diterapkan, dengan tujuan menjawab permasalahan diatas. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif.Sumber penelitian ini berasal dari interior bangunan induk pada bangunan Roemahkoe sebagai data primer dan wawancara dengan informan terpilih sebagai data pendukung.Teknik pengumpulan data, menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan kajian referensi.Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan metode analisa jalinan.Alat penelitian menggunakan piranti keras seperti kamera, handphone dan komputer. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1).wujud interior yang terdiri dari organisasi ruang, elemen pembentuk ruang dan pengisi ruang mengandung karakteristik interior tradisional dan kolonial. 2). Ide gagasan sebagai awalan suatu konsep yang melatarbelakangi interior bangunan induk berasal dari lingkungan saudagar dan pekerja pemerintahan (priyayi)dan memiliki kesamaan dengan konsep rumah tinggal priyayi. 3).Sedangkan gaya atau langgam pada interior menerapkan gaya Indische yang dibuktikan melalui simpulan wujud interior yang mengandung karakteristik budaya campuran serta diterapkan nya konsep priyayi sebagai kelompok pendukung gaya Indische. Kata kunci : Surakarta, Interior, Roemahkoe Heritage Hote
Pengaruh Pemupukan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) pada Tanah Inceptisol
Get PDFPENGARUH PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KALIANDRA (Calliandra calothyrsus) PADA TANAH INCEPTISOL
Putri Larasati, dibawah bimbingan
Dr. Simel Sowmen, S.Pt.,M.P. dan Dr. Ir. Adrizal, M.Si.
Bagian Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan
Universitas Andalas Padang, 2016
ABSTRAK
Penelitian agronomis dilakukan untuk mengetahui pemupukan yang paling efisien terhadap pertumbuhan kaliandra periode vegetatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Nagari Talang Babungo Kecamatan Hiliran Gumanti Kabupaten Solok. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kelompok, yaitu: A = Tanpa pemupukan organik atau anorganik; B = 50% pupuk anorganik {N (25 kg/ha urea) + P (75 kg/ha TSP) + K ( 25 kg/ha KCl)} + 50 % pupuk organik ( 1.000 kg pupuk kandang); C = 25% pupuk anorganik {N (12,5 kg/ha urea) + P (37,5 kg/ha TSP) + K (12,5 kg/ha KCl)} + 75% pupuk organik (1.500kg pupuk kandang); D = 100% pupuk organik (2.000 kg/ha pupuk kandang). Peubah yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah tangkai daun, jumlah ranting dan diameter batang yang dilakukan pengamatan setiap sepuluh hari selama 60 hari dan pada saat kaliandra berumur 4 bulan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemupukan memberikan pengaruh berbeda nyata (P0,05) terhadap jumlah tangkai daun, jumlah rating dan diameter batang. Rataan tinggi tanaman kaliandra pada akhir pengamatan berkisar antara 159-201,33 cm, rataan jumlah tangkai daun berkisar antara 860-1358 buah, rataan jumlah ranting atau cabang berkisar antara 3-5 buah, dan rataan diameter batang berkisar antara 1,23-1,37 cm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemupukan baik organik maupun anorganik dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, namun belum memperlihatkan peningkatan terhadap jumlah tangkai daun, jumlah ranting atau cabang dan diameter batang bila dibandingkan dengan tanpa pemupukan.
Kata kunci : kaliandra, pertumbuhan tanaman, pupuk anorganik, pupuk organi
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KREDITOR TERHADAP EKSEKUSI JAMINAN HAK GUNA BANGUNAN DI ATAS HAK PENGELOLAAN KETIKA DEBITOR WANPRESTASI
Get PDFHak Pengelolaan atau yang disebut sebagai HPL adalah hak yang secara eksplisit tidak dijelaskan dalam Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria (UUPA). Meskipun demikian UUPA tersebut telah menjadi dasar tentang hak pengelolaan tersebut, hal itu disampaikan oleh A.P Parlindungan, secara tidak langsung Pasal 2 ayat (4) UUPA menyatakan bahwa dari Hak menguasai dari Negara tersebut di atas pelaksanaannya dapat dikuasakan pada daerah-daerah swatantra dan masyarakat hukum adat, sekedar diperlukan dan tidak bertentangan dengan kepentingan nasional, menurut ketentuan- ketentuan peraturan pemerintah. Bagian-bagian tanah Hak Pengelolaan tersebut dapat diberikan kepada pihak lain dengan Hak Milik, Hak Guna Bangunan atau Hak Pakai. Pemberiannya dilakukan oleh Pejabat Badan Pertanahan Nasional yang berwenang, atas usul pemegang Hak Pengelolaan yang bersangkutan. Salah satu wewenang pemegang hak pengelolaan terhadap tanahnya adalah menyerahkan bagian-bagian tanah hak pengelolaan kepada pihak ketiga dan atau bekerja sama dengan pihak ketiga. Berdasarkan penyerahan bagian-bagian tanah hak pengelolaan kepada pihak ketiga, maka hak atas tanah yang diperoleh pihak ketiga dari tanah hak pengelolaan adalah hak guna bangunan, hak pakai, atau hak milik. Dalam penelitian ini penulis akan mengkaji tentang bagaimana bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap kreditor terhadap eksekusi jaminan hak guna bangunan di atas hak pengelolaan ketika debitor wanprestasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan tipe Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif (normative legal research) penelitian untuk menguji suatu norma atau ketentuan yang berlaku. Juga dapat dikatakan sebagai penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Hak Guna Bangunan yang berdiri di atas Tanah Hak Pengelolaan dapat dibebani Hak Tanggungan. Hak Tanggungan hanya dapat dibebankan kepada Hak Guna Bangunan di atas Tanah Hak Pengelolaan yang berasal dari Negara. Pembebanan hak tanggungan diatas tanah hak guna bangunan atas tanah hak pengelolaan harus mendapatkan persetujuan terlebih dahulu dari pemegang hak pengelolaan. Perlindungan hukum terhadap kreditur atas jaminan Hak Guna Bangunan yang berdiri di atas Tanah Hak Pengelolaan lahir berdasarkan keharusan adanya aturan Izin tertulis dari Pemegang Hak Pengelolaan. Melalui izin tersebut pemegang hak pengelolaan secara tidak langsung memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur. Pada saat debitur wanprestasi maka berdasarkan izin dari pemegang hak pengelolaan yang sebelumnya pernah diberikan pada saat debitur hendak menjaminkan Hak Guna Bangunan yang berdiri di atas Tanah Hak Pengelolaan maka terhadap bangunan tersebut dapat dilakukan eksekusi. Diperlukan adanya kehati-hatian dari kreditur dalam memberikan kredit dengan jaminan Sertifikat Hak Guna Bangunan yang berdiri di atas tanah Hak Pengelolaan agar tidak terjadi kerugian di kemudian hari akibat debitur wanprestasi
Swearing on Top: The Uniqueness of Malangan Swearing Words
No full textABSTRAK SWEARING ON TOP: THE UNIQUENESS OF MALANGAN SWEARING WORDS THESIS BY PUTRI LARASATI NIM 120222415456 UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG FACULTY OF LETTERS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH APRIL 2016 SWEARING ON TOP: THE UNIQUENESS OF MALANGAN SWEARING WORDS THESIS Presented to Universitas Negeri Malang in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Sarjana in English Language and Literature by Putri Larasati NIM 120222415456 UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG FACULTY OF LETTERS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH APRIL 2016 STATEMENT OF THE THESIS ORIGINALITY The undersigned, Name : Putri Larasati Reg. Number : 120222415456 Study Program : English Language and Literature Faculty : Faculty of Letters Declares that the Sarjana’s thesis titled Swearing on Top: The Uniquness of Malangan Swearing Words is originally undertaken for the English Department, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. All theories and findings which are not my own have been acknowledged in the text. If later it can be revealed that this Sarjana’s thesis contains plagiarism of other’s intellectual work of any kind, I would readily accept the sanctions established by the university on this matter. Malang, 27 April, 2016 As signed hereby, Putri Larasati This is to certify that the Sarjana’s thesis of Putri Larasati has been approved by the thesis advisors for further approval by the Board of Examiners. Malang, 27 April, 2016 Advisor I Maria Hidayati, S.S., M.Pd NIP 19810919 201012 2 001 Malang, 27 April, 2016 Advisor II Prof. A. Effendi Kadarisman, Ph.D NIP 19500822 198403 1 001 This is to certify that the Sarjana’s thesis of Putri Larasati has been approved by the Board of Examiners as the requirement for the degree of Sarjana in English Language and Literature. Malang, 27 April, 2016 The Board of Examiners, Maria Hidayati, S.S., M.Pd, Chair Prof. Dr. Yazid Basthomi, M.A., Member Prof. A. Effendi Kadarisman, Ph.D, Member ABSTRACT Larasati, Putri. 2016. Swearing On Top: The Uniquness of Malangan Swearing Words. Sarjana’s Thesis, Faculty of Letters, Department of English, Universitas Negeri Malang. Adivisors: (I) Maria Hidayati, S.S., M.Pd, (II) Prof. A. Effendi Kadarisman, Ph.D. Keywords: swearing, swearing on top, Malangan, Malang youth community, impoliteness As one linguistic phenomenon, swearing is ubiquitous among society these days. Swearing relates to human’s sensitivity and mental condition toward a particular situation which flows as a swearing word, that typically consists of negative/bad language. These phenomena have been well depicted in one big city in East Java province, Malang, which is popular with its unique language, boso walikan. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying and analyzing the swearing words, the meaning, and the supporting factors beyond the use of Malangan’s swearing words. In the process of collecting and analyzing the data, the researcher uses a qualitative method. By using the method, the researcher describes the facts concerning the object of the research, which is swearing in Malangan. In this research, the researcher finds out the types of uncommon and strange swearing words emerging from Malang youth community (groups of 18-25 years old youth) who are groups of music & skateboarding, university students, and cafeman (people who like to spend leisure time on expensive cafetaria), by recordings, transcriptions, and interviewing. Moreover, the researcher also describes and analyzes the motivation beyond the use of Malangan’s swearing words. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher identifies that Malang youth community swear the same Malangan swearing words in the four main activities (eating, drinking, sleeping, and talking), but shouting different body terms and showing each identitiy by using their own strange vocabularies; they include personal ability, modified lexicons, and meaningless words (Wijana, 2008). Furthemore, the researcher also analyzes the expressions of each swearing words based on respondents’ conversation by categorizing them into strong swearing words which include the exclamation of annoyance, surprise, insult, and violent refusal/rejection, and weak swearing words that include emphasis on emotion and insult (Swan, 1995). Since this theory focuses on contextual aspects of the swearing words, the researcher combines the theory along with propositional and non propositional swearing words (Jay and Janschewitz, 2008) to know the real motives of the speaker when she/he produces swearing words. From the findings, there are no particular judgement that separates the speech community into the strongest swearing group or the weakest swearing group, because each group has different motives in swearing. As the result, having different social backgrounds in a speech community gives no meaningful impact on using swearing words. Moreover, swearing is very contextual so it could not be judged as polite or impolite, but it more depend on the way the speaker and listener convey that particular swearing word. Overall, swearing words give significant benefits in communication among Malang youth community. Future research may broaden the data source and further analysis in swearing among other ethnic groups, or any linguistic problem related to swearing. ABSTRAK Larasati, Putri. 2016. Swearing On Top: The Uniqueness of Malangan Swearing Words. Skripsi, Fakultas Sastra, Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: (I) Maria Hidayati, S.S., M.Pd, (II) Prof. A. Effendi Kadarisman, Ph.D Kata kunci: mengumpat, umpatan di atas, malangan, komunitas anak-anak muda Malang, ketidaksopanan Sebagai salah satu fenomena linguistik, mengumpat menjadi sebuah hal yang menyenangkan untuk digunakan oleh khalayak umum masa kini. Kegiatan mengumpat berhubungan dengan tingkat kesensitifan dan kondisi mental seseorang yang diungkapkan menjadi sebuah kata umpatan, yang identik berisi kata-kata bermakna negatif atau kasar. Fenomena ini tergambar dengan apik di sebuah kota besar yang terletak di provinsi Jawa Timur, Malang, yang populer dengan bahasanya yang sangat unik, boso walikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kata-kata umpatan, maknanya, dan faktor pendukung lain dibalik penggunaan kata-kata umpatan Malangan. Dalam proses pengumpulan dan penganalisisan data, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif. Dengan menggunakan metode tersebut pula, peneliti mendeskripsikan fakta-fakta mengenai obyek penelitian, yaitu mengumpat dengan bahasa Malangan. Di dalam penelitian ini, peniliti menemukan jenis-jenis kata umpatan tidak umum dan aneh yang muncul dari kalangan komunitas-komunitas anak muda Malang (sekelompok anak muda berumur 18-25 tahun) yakni sekelompok remaja musik dan skateboarding, mahasiswa perguruan tinggi, dan anak-anak kafe, dengan merekam, menuliskan hasil rekaman, dan mewawancara. Selain itu, peneliti juga mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa motivasi dibalik penggunaan kata-kata umpatan Malangan. Berdasarkan hasil penemuan dari penelitian ini, peneliti mengidentifikasi bahwa kelompok-kelompok anak muda tersebut mengumpat kata umpatan yang sama, yakni dalam 4 aktivitas utama (makan, minum, tidur, dan berbicara), namun mengumpat kata umpatan yang berbeda ketika menyebut bagian badan, dan menunjukkan identitas masing-masing dengan menggunakan perbendaharaan kata yang aneh yang meliputi kemampuan seseorang, kata-kata yang termodifikasi, dan kata tanpa arti (Wijana, 2008). Selanjutnya, peneliti juga menganalisa ekspresi-ekspresi dari masing-masing kata-kata umpatan berdasarkan percakapan para responden dengan mengkategorikannya kedalam strong swearing word yang meliputi the exclamation of annoyance, surprise, insult, dan violent refusal/rejection; weak swearing word yang berisi emphasis on emotion dan insult (Swan, 1995). Karena teori ini berfokus pada aspek-aspek kontekstual dari kata-kata umpatan, maka peneliti mengkombinasikan teori ini bersamaan dengan propositional and non propositional swearing words (Jay and Janschewitz, 2008) untuk mengetahui motivasi penutur yang sebenarnya ketika ia menuturkan kata-kata umpatan. Dari hasil temuan, tidak ada penilaian khusus yang membagi kelompok penutur menjadi kelompok pengumpat yang paling kuat atau kelompok yang terlemah, karena tiap-tiap kelompok memiliki motivasi yang berbeda ketika mengumpat. Sebagai hasilnya, dengan memiliki latar belakang sosial yang berbeda-beda dalam sebuah kelompok penutur ternyata tidak mempengaruhi mereka ketika menggunakan kata-kata umpatan. Disamping hal itu, mengumpat sangatlah kontekstual sehingga hal tersebut tidak bisa dengan mudah digolongkan menjadi hal yang sopan atau tidak sopan, namun lebih merujuk pada cara penutur dan pendengar dalam mengolah dan menyampaikan kata-kata umpatan tersebut. Secara keseluruhan, mengumpat memberikan keuntungan yang dapat diperhitungkan dalam kegiatan berkomunikasi di kalangan anak-anak muda Malang. Penilitian lebih lanjut diharapkan dapat memperluas sumber data dan analisis lebih rinci pada kegiatan mengumpat di kelompok etnik yang lain, atau menemukan masalah linguistik lain yang berhubungan dengan umpatan. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My irreplaceable love for those who give a hand in helping and supporting me to write this paper. It would be hard and impossible for me to finish my study without their contribution, so in this perfect opportunity I would like to show my gratitute to every individual for the precious lessons. First, my greatest thanks and deepest appreciation for Bu Maria Hidayati as the advisor for guiding me patiently during the progress of writing this challenging thesis. Besides, I also thank to Prof. Effendi Kadarisman for give a light onto my problems especially about sociolinguistics and very complex yet notable theories in linguistics, since he is the one who introduced me several branch of linguistics (sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, topics, trends, and issues in linguistics) in class, thanks for the unforgettable moments with “The Class of The Year 2015”. My appreciation also goes to Pak Yazid Basthomi as the examiner, thank you for the valuable suggestions in improving this paper. I cannot go through very hard moment without my friends and family, my special thank goes to my unbiological sister, Shinta, Dara, Devika, Kak Novi, and my best peer in time, Te, who share and accompany me while writing this paper (and the brunch, too). Thanks to Sukijan group and Delima Skateboard for having the rad time with me to be the subject of the research. In the end, my sincere thanks go to my parents for their eternal love and the inner support throughout my studies and my life. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT i ABSTRAK ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF APPENDICES x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study 1 1.2 Statement of the Problems 8 1.3 Theoretical Framework 8 1.3.1 Swearing and Jay’s Contextuality…………………………………… 9 1.3.2 The Four Main Activities in Javanese Swearing 11 1.3.3 Types of Swearing Words.......................................................................... 13 1.3.4Swearing and Sociopragmatics 15 1.4 Significances of the Study 17 1.5 Scope and Delimitation of The Study 18 1.6 Definition of Key Terms 18 CHAPTER II METHODOLOGY 2.1 Research Design 20 2.2 Data Source 20 2.3 Research Instrument 21 2.4 Data Collection................................................................................................... 22 2.5 Data Analysis..................................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER III FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Swearing Words Used by Malang Youth Community 24 3.1.1 The Four Main Activities............................................................................ 24 3.1.2 Physical Terms......................................................................... 26 3.1.3 Strange Vocabulary......................................................................... 27 3.2 Misuh in Swan and Jay’s Theories...................................................................... 32 3.2.1 Strong Swearing Words.............................................................................. 32 3.2.2 Weak Swearing Words.............................................................................. 34 3.3 Misuh as the Bare Essentials............................................................................ 35 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 Conclusions....................................................................................................... 37 4.2 Suggestions......................................................................................................... 38 REFERENCES 40 APPENDICES 42 CURRICULUM VITAE 47 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Categories of Strong Swearing Words ………………………………….................. 13 1.2 Categories of Weak Swearing Words ..................................................................... 14 3.1 The Classification of The Four Main Activities............................................... 25 3.2 The Classification of Body Terms.................................................................... 26 3.3 Part of The Strange Vocabulary....................................................................... 28 3.4 Categories of Strong Swearing Words............................................................. 33 3.5 Categories of Weak Swearing Words............................................................. 35 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1 Transcription of MS Group’s Recordings ...................................................... 42 2 Transcription of U Group’s Recordings ......................................................... 43 3 Transcription of C Group’s Recordings .......................................................... 45 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter comprises background of the study which cover main reasons of choosing the topic, problems as the object of investigation, theoretical framework, expectation for the subsequent readers in significant of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms. 1.1 Background of The Study Counted as bad words, swearing words are commonly avoided by most people because it is a bad wide-spread phenomenon. It is related to one’s sensivity to bad language and how somebody define a word even a ‘crap’ as a form of offensiveness towards something (Marsden, 2009). In line with this phenomenon, parents and teacher tend to complain whenever their kids and students are trying to use particular dirty words, which they get influenced through their local milieu. Nonetheless, a preceding study has showed that people generally use up to 90 (or at least 80) swear words a day (Mandagi, 2015). As the existence of media and technology development, society are more exposed to the usage of swear words. To support this statement, Jay (2009, p.153) stated swear words (or taboo words, taboo language, curse words, profanity or profane words) are “the lexicon of offensive emotional language”. Words are spoken to deliver a thing or two, in which it flows by the nature of human emotion. A strong feeling, mental condition and other areas of emotional states can bring about the use of swear words. Jay also declares swear words in English revolve around sexual reference, animal names, vulgar expressions, offensive slangs, and so on. Regarding these definitions, in short, swearing is taboo to be spoken and considered as a bad language so that people avoid using. In very basic terms, swearing refers to the use of words which have the potential to be offensive, inappropriate, objectionable, or unacceptable in any given social context. Interestingly, not every use of swear words are an instance of swearing. A good word can be said as swearing, though, if the speaker implies it as a swear word and the bad ones do not always imply the negative side of the speakers. Swearing is also the part of language variety. To be in line with, Halliday (1974) represents classification of language variety that are divided into 3: Parts of Speech, Manner of Speech, and Style of Speech. Part of Speech is related to the occurence and location of language activity. A certain place brings a custom language for people, for instance the daily language in office, hospital, even at school. Manner of Speech is focused on the distinctive way people use language, which is like sending the message in a written form (SMS or online chatting) than oral chatting (verbal). Last but not least is style of speech. This is directly relate to the relationship of main conversation and the laguange user. There are 2 kinds of style in speech, one is formal language which is used in formal occurence e.g. language between teacher and students, in a formal public speech/speech contest, announcement, etc. Another speech style is informal language where everything is about being casual, such as conversation between close friends, family, and so on. What has emerged from this explanation, swearing is categorized as an informal language because of its flexibility in use. In one hand, swear words or taboo words are used to vent negative emotions (e.g. anger, offense, affront, and so on). On the other hand, it also easily happened when somebody is suddenly surprised or too happy. This kind of speech act has been chosen also to be a perfect way to insult and to give compliment in the same time. It is durable; they are so flexible to use, have an exceptional ability to reveal the speaker’s feelings and attitude. In addition, swearing can be also as an emphasizer in order to show the legitimacy of one’s saying, for instance, one speaker swear by Almighty Allah, His great names, purity, and created beings such as “By Allah, I’m busy” or “By the witness of Allah, I’m not lying” (Aliakbari, 2013:45). The speaker use certain swear words to convince his/her interlocutor that what he/she says is concrete. Nonetheless, in linguistic border, especially pragmatics, swearing is a speech act which contributes directly to politeness realm. One of the notable politeness strategies is about FTA (Face Threatening Acts) by Brown and Levinson (1987). FTA relates to the way the listener’s face behaves toward speaker’s utterance—it is fullfiled if it creates social harmony among the speaker (not doing the FTA), and it is broken if it is done by the speaker. Since swearing is very emotional, so it tends to threat other’s face easily. In addition, lifestyle and someone’s habit also give a huge contribution in triggering someone to swear. People in all social classes regardless their age or gender are bringing their own particular swear words while they are swearing. They are giving influence to each other in the process of constructing relationship and evoking ideas of social status and education. Being both an extremely colorful addition to our language and serving a unique flexibility, swearing is a fascinating phenomenon to be learnt. There have been a number of studies related to the swearing phenomenon from various media such as movies, social media, real-life studies (conversation, tape recorded) from certain communities, translation, or it can be in the form of corpus-based analysis. Moreover, the study of swearing activity is commonly found in a gender stereotype based (e.g. Ferklova 2014; Schippers 2013; Cindy et.al 2015). The first research about the issue about swearing which based on real-life situation was conducted by Rama Aditya (2013). He raised an issue about swearing in Klangean’s teenage life (a village in Cirebon), and used Conversation Analysis/CA as the major media for the analysis, by recording everyday conversation between him and the teenager during May up to June 2013. He categorized the spoken swear words into animal terms, human genital terms, sexual irregular terms, human capability terms, and others (uncategorized). The results came up with the fact that Klangean’s teenager tend to use animal terms in their daily conversation. Aditya also concluded that almost all speech spoken by Klangean’s teenager consisted with swear words. Another swearing studies is from Chong Han et. al (2014), students of University of Western Sydney, Australia. A corpus-based study is used to analyze the subtitling of English swear words into Chinese in eight episodes of The Family, an Australian reality TV series in 2011. Looking into the semantics categories and functions also by adopting a “reverse engineering” (a model of translation analysis), the result of the study showed that English swear words sound slightly low while it is translated into Chinese subtitles. Swearing is a culturally loaded act. People who live particularly in East Java are accustomed to bring their particular express
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BELAJAR BERUPA MAJALAH KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI TANAMAN BINTARO (Cerbera manghas) DI RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU KANIGORO BLITAR
Get PDFSkripsi dengan judul “Pengembangan Media Belajar Berupa Majalah Karakteristik Morfologi Tanaman Bintaro (Cerbera manghas) Di Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kanigoro Blitar Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024” ditulis oleh Niken Putri Larasati, NIM. 126208201028, dosen pembimbing Arbaul Fauziah, M.Si.
Kata kunci: Karakteristik, Majalah, Morfologi, Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kanigoro Blitar, Tanaman Bintaro (Cerbera manghas)
Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kanigoro merupakan salah satu tempat wisata yang berkonsep alam dan edukatif. Wisata tersebut menyajikan edukasi untuk peserta didik sekaligus masyarakat umum mengenai berbagai jenis spesies tumbuhan, salah satunya adalah tanaman bintaro (Cerbera manghas). Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai morfologi tanaman bintaro (Cerbera manghas) yang ada di Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kanigoro. Alasan pemilihan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kanigoro sebagai lokasi penelitian dikarenakan belum adanya penelitian mengenai karakteristik morfologi tanaman bintaro (Cerbera manghas) di wisata tersebut. Selain itu, berdasarkan angket analisis kebutuhan menunjukkan bahwa 89,5% mahasiswa masih mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajari Anatomi dan Morfologi Tumbuhan khususnya pada bagian-bagian organ tanaman. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti bermaksud untuk mengembangkan suatu media pembelajaran berupa majalah mengenai Karakteristik Morfologi Tanaman Bintaro (Cerbera manghas).
Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Mendeskripsikan karakteristik morfologi tanaman bintaro (Cerbera manghas) di Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kanigoro Blitar. (2) Mendeskripsikan kevalidan dari media belajar berupa majalah karakteristik morfologi tanaman bintaro (Cerbera manghas) di Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kanigoro Blitar. (3) Mendeskripsikan kepraktisan dari media belajar berupa majalah karakteristik morfologi tanaman bintaro (Cerbera manghas) di Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kanigoro Blitar. (4) Mendeskripsikan keefektifan dari media belajar berupa majalah karakteristik morfologi tanaman bintaro (Cerbera manghas) di Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kanigoro Blitar.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Research and Development (RnD) yang diawali dengan penelitian untuk karakteristik morfologi tanaman bintaro (Cerbera manghas). Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya yaitu tahap pengembangan produk media pembelajaran berupa majalah menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation dan evaluation).
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh hasil (1) Tanaman bintaro memiliki sistem perakaran tunggang, perawakan pohon dan berwarna cokelat. Batang tanaman bintaro termasuk jenis batang berkayu dengan permukaan yang bertekstur kasar, bulat dan memiliki arah tumbuh tegak lurus. Daun tanaman bintaro termasuk daun tunggal dan terletak di ruas batang. Tipe pertulangan daun bintaro adalah menyirip dengan bentuk ujung dan pangkal daun yang meruncing. Daun muda tanaman bintaro berwarna hijau muda sedangkan daun tua berwarna hijau tua. Tipe perbungaan bintaro adalah majemuk dan tidak memiliki brakte. Bunga tanaman bintaro termasuk bunga lengkap yang berwarna putih dan memiliki rumus bunga (☿ * K5, C5, A5, G1). Tanaman bintaro memiliki kelopak 5, mahkota 5, benang sari 5, dan putik 1. Buah tanaman bintaro termasuk buah drupa berbentuk bulat dengan daging berserat dan berwarna putih. Biji tanaman bintaro berbentuk oval atau lonjong berwarna putih dan berjumlah satu. (2) Hasil persentase skor dari ahli media sebesar 97% dan ahli materi sebesar 77%. Perolehan hasil validasi tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran
berupa majalah layak digunakan sebagai salah satu Sumber belajar untuk mempelajari mata kuliah Anatomi dan Morfologi Tumbuhan khususnya pada bagian-bagian organ tanaman. (3) Hasil uji kepraktisan terhadap media pembelajaran berupa majalah mendapatkan hasil Persentase skor dengan rata-rata 94,2%. Perolehan hasil kepraktisan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran berupa majalah layak dan praktis untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu Sumber belajar dalam mempelajari mata kuliah Anatomi dan Morfologi Tumbuhan khususnya pada bagian-bagian organ tanaman. (4) Hasil uji keefektifan media pembelajaran berupa majalah melalui uji paired sampel T-test memperoleh signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 yang menyatakan bahwa Majalah Karakteristik Morfologi Tanaman Bintaro (Cerbera manghas) Di Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kanigoro Blitar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan mahasiswa Tadris Biologi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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