1,735,441 research outputs found
PUMA Survey 5.1. Insights in societal changes in Austria
No full textFull edition for scientific use. PUMA Surveys consist of separate modules designed and prepared by different principle investigators. This PUMA Survey consists of three modules: MODUL 1 "Sexismus und Rechtfertigung ungleicher politischer Repräsentation", MODULE 2 "Political Gender Stereotypes in Austria: Existence, Sources and Consequences for Preferential Votes", MODULE 3 "Values dilemma or democratic compromise? The case of welfare entitlements for native citizens and immigrants". Fieldwork was conducted by Statistics Austria. MODUL 1: Sexismus und Rechtfertigung ungleicher politischer Repräsentation (Julian Aichholzer, Martina Zandonella) Frauen sind in politischen Ämtern, auch in Österreich, immer noch unterrepräsentiert. Normative Ansätze der Demokratietheorie etwa fordern jedoch eine weitgehende „deskriptive“ Repräsentation ein, d.h. die möglichst nahe Abbildung des Elektorats durch seine Repräsentantinnen und Repräsentanten. Ein weiteres Argument ist, dass ein höherer Frauenanteil (Anpassung der deskriptiven Repräsentation) die „substantielle“ Repräsentation, d.h. Politik-Outputs zu Gunsten spezifischer Interessen und Bedürfnisse von Frauen, stärken könnte (vgl. Wängnerud, 2009). Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrags ist der Versuch der Erklärung der genannten Geschlechterungleichheit im österreichischen Parlament durch Einstellungen in der Bevölkerung, d.h. Demand-Side-Faktoren. Im Folgenden sprechen wir von einem „politischen Sexismus“ in Hinblick auf die politische Repräsentation durch Frauen, d.h. „kategoriegestützte Kognitionen (Stereotype), Affekte (Vorurteile) und Verhaltensweisen (Diskriminierung) …, die auf einen ungleichen sozialen Status von Frauen und Männern hinwirken“ (Eckes, 2008, S. 176), der sich u.a. in mangelnder Repräsentation in politischen Funktionen äußert. Die Studie hat das Ziel, mittels der repräsentativen PUMA-Befragung (1.) diese Art des Sexismus in der öffentlichen Meinung abzubilden; (2.) sollen die möglichen Modi der Repräsentation – konkret im österreichischen Parlament – untersucht werden. Wir beschreiben diese als: a.) Akzeptanz der bestehenden Ungleichverteilung (d.h. Status-Quo), b.) Wunsch nach Gender-Parität (exakte Gleichverteilung) oder c.) ein meritokratisches bzw. Leistungsargument, d.h. Repräsentation sollte sich nach Fähigkeiten richten.Die Studie soll dazu beitragen, jene Faktoren zu verstehen, die eine demokratische Repräsentation von Frauen auf Seiten der Bevölkerung behindern. Darüber hinaus können die Ergebnisse praktische Implikationen für Sensibilisierungskampagnen zum Thema Sexismus haben. MODULE 2: Political Gender Stereotypes in Austria: Existence, Sources and Consequences for Preferential Votes (Zoe Lefkofridi, Nathalie Giger, Anne Maria Holli) Stereotyped views of female politicians constitute one reason for the sluggish advancement of women’s political representation in many countries. Austria is a very interesting case with regard to gender equality because it exhibits one the highest gender pay gaps in Europe, combined with strong horizontal and vertical segregation in occupation; crucially, Austria does not score high on female parliamentary representation comparatively. These facts beg the following questions: Do political gender stereotypes exist in Austria today? Who is most likely to hold political gender stereotypes? How do stereotypes they affect candidate evaluation? To what extent do they matter for Austrian citizens’ political behaviour? In pursuit of these research questions, a module that allows studying the role of gender stereotypes in Austrian politics was fielded by PUMA in June 2018. This novel data enables a pioneering analysis of: the extent to which Austrian citizens’ perceptions of political candidates are structured by gender stereotypes; the sources of gender stereotypes as well as their effects on political behaviour. MODULE 3: Values dilemma or democratic compromise? The case of welfare entitlements for native citizens and immigrants (Carolina Plescia) The data collection carried out within PUMA had the aim to investigate citizens’ support of and willingness to compromise on specific welfare programmes. This project advances and tests a novel theoretical argument that links citizens’ moral attitudes to the justice principle that underpins welfare programmes and examine the extent to which moral attitudes moderate citizens’ support of and willingness to compromise on welfare entitlements for native citizens and immigrants. Due to space concerns, this report discusses only the findings related to support for welfare programmes while findings related to compromise are available from the author upon request
Gestão de marcas: um estudo de caso da Puma
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio Econômico, Curso de Administração.Este trabalho traz uma abordagem focada na gestão de marcas, mais precisamente na manutenção de marcas duradouras em um mercado cada vez mais competitivo, complexo e moderno. Para a elucidação prática do tema foi exposto o caso da marca alemã de artigos esportivos Puma, que após uma crise que durou sete anos optou por reposicionar a sua marca no mercado. O objetivo central do estudo é demonstrar quais ações de reposicionamento de marca foram realizadas pela Puma para a sua permanência no mercado. 0 presente estudo possui um caráter exploratório acerca da teoria referente ao tema, e qualitativo em relação ao problema que a pesquisa se propõe a solucionar. A coleta de dados contou com pesquisas em dados primários, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, em cinco lojas na cidade de Florianópolis, revendedoras de produtos com a marca Puma, e com dados secundários por meio de levantamentos bibliográficos. Como resultado do estudo proposto, as ações estratégicas de marca, empreendidas pela Puma, continham dois focos principais, a moda e o futebol. Por meio desses dois focos a Puma conseguiu atingir um posicionamento único na mente dos consumidores, comprovado pelas entrevistas com os lojistas da cidade de Florianópolis, no sentido de fazer com que mesmo pessoas que não praticam atividades esportivas se sintam aptas a consumirem os produtos da marca
PUMA Survey 6.1. Insights in societal changes in Austria
No full textFull edition for scientific use. PUMA Surveys consist of separate modules designed and prepared by different principle investigators. This PUMA Survey consists of three modules: MODULE 1 "How gender and gender stereotypes affect perceptions of competence for ministerial office", MODULE 2 "Income, tax perceptions, and fairness norms. A survey experiment", MODULE 3 "Disease avoidance and anti-immigration attitudes? The mediational role of right-wing authoritarianism facets". Fieldwork was conducted by Statistics Austria. MODULE 1: How gender and gender stereotypes affect perceptions of competence for ministerial office (Laurenz Ennser-Jedenastik) Do voters discriminate against female politicians? The politics and gender literature has produced mixed findings on this question. This project argues that we need to take the gendered nature of political offices into account. Drawing on the literature of gendered appointment patterns in executives and legislatures, it conjectures that gender discrimination in voter evaluations should depend on the policy domain of the office in question. A vignette experiment was fielded in a PUMA survey to test this proposition. The results show that voters do not discriminate overall, but they prefer men in stereotypically male roles and women in stereotypically female roles. MODULE 2: Income, tax perceptions, and fairness norms. A survey experiment (Fabian Kalleitner, Bernhard Kittel) Since the 1970s, prominent macro-economic models suggest that higher levels of inequality will lead to more redistribution. However, empirical studies only find mixed support for this mechanism. Besides considering further determinants as explanatory factors, the mediating factor of information becomes more prominent. Recent studies show that individuals are only partially informed and change their preferences if they receive information. Using data from an experimental survey with information treatments, the study asks how information on (i) the relative position of one’s personal income and (ii) the present structure of the tax burden influences subjectively perceived levels of fair tax progressivity. MODULE 3: Disease avoidance and anti-immigration attitudes? The mediational role of right-wing authoritarianism facets (Julian Aichholzer) Research in evolutionary social and political psychology suggests that the way individuals deal with pathogens and disgusting stimuli also shapes their political attitudes. This so called “behavioral immune system” might even explain why citizens accept or reject immigration in contemporary societies. The purpose of the current study was to explore facets of disease/pathogen avoidance and the role of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) as a potential link between such motivations and anti-immigration attitudes. <br/
TadPath/PUMA: PUMA Microscope
No full textThis is the first full release version of the PUMA. Compared to the previous pre-release version this version has had many of the models overhauled to make them easier to print or assemble or to improve their functionality or reliability. The overall functions and modalities of the microscope have not changed other than the PUMA Control software now has more functions including the ability to define custom colours and Rheinberg filters and the ability to override the lamp current meter because this can be unreliable when used with batteries and would otherwise result in false positive over-current warnings.
Documentation has been revised and expanded. Although there is still some way to go with the construction documents a dedicated PUMA YouTube channel has been set up to help with this
umami-hep/puma: v0.2.8
No full textWhat's Changed
Add optimal fc plot by @dkobylianskii in https://github.com/umami-hep/puma/pull/188
Update fraction scan plot by @samvanstroud in https://github.com/umami-hep/puma/pull/193
Update uncertainty bands by @dkobylianskii in https://github.com/umami-hep/puma/pull/194
HL Fraction scan bugfix by @dkobylianskii in https://github.com/umami-hep/puma/pull/201
numpy 1.21 u2s can't convert dtype by @biemster in https://github.com/umami-hep/puma/pull/198
Support for older versions of matplotlib.Figure by @biemster in https://github.com/umami-hep/puma/pull/199
add support to set a per ROC reference for the ratios by @biemster in https://github.com/umami-hep/puma/pull/200
Add integrated efficiency plot by @dkobylianskii in https://github.com/umami-hep/puma/pull/195
Bump to version 0.2.8 by @samvanstroud in https://github.com/umami-hep/puma/pull/203
New Contributors
@biemster made their first contribution in https://github.com/umami-hep/puma/pull/198
Full Changelog: https://github.com/umami-hep/puma/compare/v0.2.7...v0.2.
PUMA Survey 5.3. Insights in societal changes in Austria
No full textFull edition for scientific use. PUMA Surveys consist of separate modules designed and prepared by different principle investigators. This PUMA Survey consists of two modules: MODULE 1 "Trick of the Traits. An experimental study on trait ownership and mediated leader effects", MODULE 2 "An Experimental Assessment of Approval and Evaluative Voting". Fieldwork was conducted by MARKETAGENT. MODULE 1: Trick of the Traits. An experimental study on trait ownership and mediated leader effects (Loes Aalerding, Sophie Lecheler) This study tests, by means of a survey experiment, how leader perceptions are affected by media portrayals of party leaders in terms of their leadership traits, and to what extent partisan stereotypes and trait ownership moderates this relationship. Research has shown that citizens’ subjective party leader perceptions, especially in terms of leadership traits, affect voting behavior (e.g., Bittner, 2011; Aarts, Blais, & Schmitt, 2013). What remains a largely unresolved question, however, is which trait evaluations matter most. The main goal of this study is to test how media messages of party leaders in terms of their leadership traits affects voters’ perception of those party leaders and to what extent trait ownership moderates this relation. The contribution of the study is threefold. First, it takes into account that current political life is highly mediatized by focusing on mediated leader effects. Second, it strengthens the causal claim of (the conditionality) of leader effects by using an experimental research design as opposed to correlational data. Third, it is the first to test the theory of trait ownership in Austria and therefore (completely) outside the two-party context of the US. MODULE 2: An Experimental Assessment of Approval and Evaluative Voting (Philipp Harfst, Jean-Francois Laslier, Damien Bol) In our PUMA module, we ran an online survey experiment in which we asked a representative sample of the Austrian population to cast a vote. We created a ballot to similar to the one of the 2017 election of the National Council. The respondents saw on their screen the main parties and the main candidates of these parties. Then, they had to indicate their preference for one of the parties and for 15 individual candidates within this party. The experimental treatment is the type of preference vote the respondents could cast to express their preference for individual candidates. A third of the respondents (randomly selected) could choose to approve each of the candidates or not [0,1]. This binary system is often called Approval Voting (AV). Another third of the respondents (randomly selected) could give 0, 1, or 2 points to each of the candidates. The last third of the respondents could give a positive, a negative, or no points to each of the candidates [-1,0,1]. These last two systems are two different versions to what is usually referred to as Evaluative Voting (EV). The goal of our research is to study the effect of the type of preference voting on voters’ decisions. The survey was fielded in June 2018 and targeted the population of eligible Austrian voters. The sample size is 700 respondents, and is representative of the Austrian population in terms of gender, age and education. The survey was conducted online, which is the best survey model for this type of study. Unlike telephone interviews, online surveys allow for a visualisation of the ballot, which helps improve the quality of responses. Also, this way of asking for respondents’ vote choice has already been successfully implemented in other contexts (Laslier et al. 2015). <br/
PUMA HL7 Engine
No full textThe PUMA Repository is a collection of Pascal units supporting medical informatics. It contains reusable source code for a wide field of health-care application development. The code includes converting functions for units of measurement (Unit Converter) and an HL7 engine.
PUMA's HL7 Engine is a library of Pascal units that provide functions for parsing and compiling Health Level 7 messages as well as for reading and writing messages as files or streams
PUMA Survey 5.2. Insights in societal changes in Austria
No full textFull edition for scientific use. PUMA Surveys consist of separate modules designed and prepared by different principle investigators. This PUMA Survey consists of three modules: MODULE 1 "Non-Health Influences on Generic Health Ratings: Comparing the Susceptibility of Self-Rated Health (SRH) and the Minimum European Health Module (MEHM) to Biases Due to Optimism, Hypochondriasis, and Social Desirability", MODULE 2 "Online completion versus face-to-face completion. Testing mixing modes of data collection for Austrian social surveys", MODULE 3 "Concerns of Smartphone Owners When Using their Device for Research". Fieldwork was conducted by Statistics Austria.MODULE 1: Non-Health Influences on Generic Health Ratings: Comparing the Susceptibility of Self-Rated Health (SRH) and the Minimum European Health Module (MEHM) to Biases Due to Optimism, Hypochondriasis, and Social Desirability (Patrick Lazarevič, Martina Brandt, Marc Luy, Caroline Berghammer) Self-rated health (SRH) is the most widely used single-indicator of health in many scientific disciplines (Jylhä 2009). Even though more comprehensive approaches to measure generic health exist, they are often too time consuming for survey interviews, especially in multi-thematic surveys, due to time limitations. Research in this regard has shown that, even when controlling for comprehensive health information, SRH is noticeably and independently influenced by non-health factors like satisfaction with life or social participation (e.g., Lazarevič 2018). While these results illustrate that health ratings are influenced by non-health factors, the personality traits that are assumed to bias SRH (e.g., optimism, social desirability, or hypochondriasis) are typically not directly measured. The Minimum European Health Module (MEHM), as proposed by Robine & Jagger (2003), complements SRH with the questions whether the respondent suffers from a chronic disease and whether and to what extent they are limited in their usual activities due to a health problem. Thus, MEHM can be seen as a compromise between using SRH as a single-indicator and a comprehensive scale while covering the two most relevant factors for health ratings, i.e., chronic diseases and the functional status (Lazarevič 2018). While MEHM is obviously less time- and cost-intensive than more comprehensive approaches to measure health and there was some research done on its components separately (e.g., Berger et al. 2015), hardly anything is known about its usefulness as a short-scale of generic health, its overall psychometric properties, and its susceptibility to non-health factors potentially biasing the health measurement. This module tested the feasibility and utility of using the Minimum European Health Module (MEHM) as a short scale for measuring generic health. We demonstrate the feasibility of extracting a factor score from MEHM utilizing confirmatory factor analyses based on polychoric correlations. Further analyses suggest that this factor score might be useful in reducing bias in generic health measurement due to optimism and social desirability. MODULE 2: Online completion versus face-to-face completion. Testing mixing modes of data collection for Austrian social surveys (Markus Hadler, Franz Höllinger, Anja Eder) Collecting data online is a promising tool, given the problems survey research faces in terms of lowering response rates and increasing costs. Yet, the results on the comparability of online and face-to-face surveys are ambiguous (see Roberts et al. 2016). Therefore, the aim of our research is to test differences in responses when completing surveys online compared to collecting the same data face-to-face. Our PUMA-module collects some of the core ISSP questions online, which were asked face-to-face (CAPI) in the same time-period. The topics of the ISSP questionnaires 2017 and 2018 are “Social Networks” and “Religion.” At face value, we expect that these two areas may attract different respondents when conducted online as compared to face-to-face. Online networking should be more prevalent and traditional religious activities less common among the online respondents. If there are no significant differences between these two samples, our study will be a strong indicator that online tools are valid instruments. Therefore, the mixed modes design aims to break new ground in understanding the advantages and limitations, the costs and benefits of combining online and face-to-face interviews in Austria on the basis of two prominent survey modules from the International Social Survey Programme. MODULE 3: Concerns of Smartphone Owners When Using their Device for Research (Florian Keusch, Martin Weichbold) Smartphone use is on the rise worldwide (Pew Research Center 2017). Survey researchers are aware that smartphone users increasingly complete online surveys on their mobile devices and have investigated the quality of survey data provided via smartphones (e.g., Couper et al. 2017; Keusch & Yan 2017). At the same time, the rising penetration of smartphones also gives researchers the chance to collect data from smartphone users that goes beyond self-reporting through surveys. Smartphones can be used to collect a variety of data about respondents such as geolocation, measures of physical activity, online behavior and browser history, app usage, call logs, or photos (Link et al. 2014). These data would allow researchers to make inferences about, among others, users’ mobility patterns, consumer behavior, health, and social interactions. Compared to surveys, which rely on self-reports, passive mobile data collection has the potential to provide richer data (because it can be collected in much higher frequencies), to decrease respondent burden (because fewer survey questions need to be asked), and to reduce measurement error (because of reduction in recall errors and social desirability). However, agreeing to allow for passive collection of data from smartphones is an additional step in the consent process, and participants might feel uncomfortable sharing these data with researchers due to security, privacy, and confidentiality concerns. In addition, different subgroups might differ in their skills of smartphone use and thus feel more or less comfortable using smartphones for research, leading to bias due to differential nonresponse of specific groups. This module wants to find out whether new forms of smartphone data collection (using sensors, apps, and camera) could be a supplement to survey research as they provide rich data and could enlarge our knowledge about people’s behavior while reducing respondent burden. Collecting these data has ethical and practical implications: agreeing to collect data from smartphones is an additional step in the consent process, and participants might feel uncomfortable sharing these data with researchers due to security, privacy, and confidentiality concerns. In addition, different subgroups might differ in their skills of smartphone use and thus feel more or less comfortable using smartphones for research, leading to bias due to differential nonparticipation of specific groups. We find that concern for using smartphones for research differs by research task, and that the diversity of smartphone activities correlates with concern
PUMA Survey 6.2. Insights in societal changes in Austria
No full textFull edition for scientific use. PUMA Surveys consist of separate modules designed and prepared by different principle investigators. This PUMA Survey consists of three modules: MODULE 1 "High performing doctors or cold-hearted bureaucrats? A study on the electoral consequences of academic titles in Austria", MODULE 2 "Identity-based motivated reasoning: polarizing news effects of gender identity cues", MODULE 3 "Towards a Multidimensional Understanding of Free Movement Attitudes". Fieldwork was conducted by MARKETAGENT. MODULE 1: High performing doctors or cold-hearted bureaucrats? A study on the electoral consequences of academic titles in Austria (Nico F. Büttner, Carolina Plescia) Our proposal aims at testing the impact of a political candidate’s academic degree on the candidate’s electoral chances – investigating simultaneously the mediating effect of populist attitudes. In Austria – like in most democracies – highly educated people are numerically overrepresented in political institutions by several orders of magnitude. However, this relationship has only scarcely been studied in the academic literature so far. Drawing on the theoretical notion that voters use academic degrees as heuristics in situations with imperfect information, we propose a conjoint experiment, in which we display short overviews of characteristics from two fictitious political candidates – here, the candidates’ academic degree is the central varying characteristic of interest. Candidate choice experiments have recently started receiving increasing attention and use in the social sciences. By applying this methodological approach, we address important limitations in the literature that has tried to examine related questions in other countries. While the focus of the existing literature has thus far been on the characteristics of elected officials, we further argue that one needs to simultaneously examine whether certain voters value titles more than others. In particular, we argue that populist attitudes play a decisive role in this regard. In populist discourses, the political elite is presented as a separate, distant group accused of not acknowledging, understanding or caring about the needs people have. More precisely, the belief that political elites and the people have contrasting and incompatible interests is at the heart of the discussion concerning populism in the scientific literature. Thus, it is likely that the effect of an academic title is mediated by populist attitudes. Austria is an ideal setting for carrying out this study, because of the country’s historically high fondness of academic titles as well as the presence of a strong populist rhetoric. MODULE 2: Identity-based motivated reasoning: polarizing news effects of gender identity cues (Ming Boyer, Loes Aaldering) Scholars have found that biased processing of news leads to polarized audiences. Indeed, partisan-motivated reasoning leads to partisan polarization. But we are not just partisans, and news media highlight many group identities. Does motivated reasoning also occur in light of other group identities, like one’s gender? In light of relevant literature, I believe that news that threatens or bolsters one’s gender identity, causes similar motivations and biases as do articles that pose a partisan threat or bolstering. Drawing on both motivated reasoning theory and social identity theory, this online survey experiment uses a 2 by 2 between subjects design to examine to what extent such identity-based motivated reasoning effects exist and to what extent they are dependent on one’s identity strength and the type of the news. Overall, this project shows how men and women use motivated reasoning to protect their gender identity and how this leads to polarization along gender lines. Moreover, it suggests that journalists can prevent such identity-motivated reasoning and polarization by employing episodic frames. MODULE 3: Towards a Multidimensional Understanding of Free Movement Attitudes (Jakob-Moritz Eberl, Hajo Boomgaarden, Christina Meltzer) Freedom of movement is a fundamental right for EU-citizens. This right is essentially related to immigration and emigration, as EU citizens are allowed to travel, work, and reside in any part of the Schengen area. However, with the so-called “refugee crisis” in 2015 and the 2016 Brexit referendum, freedom of movement is under debate, with several EU members now seriously questioning the future of the free movement of persons. While immigration and general EU attitudes have been in the focus of political science in the past decade, attitudes towards freedom of movement have been largely neglected. This is why this study aims for a conceptual and empirical development of a free movement attitude scale. It further aims to explore that scales construct validity via examining its possible strongest correlates such as impact perceptions of intra-European immigration, impact perceptions of immigration from outside of Europe, and emigration attitudes. The present study is thus among the first to systematically develop and analyse the measurement of free movement attitudes. Given the increasing discussion about the future or restructuring of free movement in the European Union – among others happening in Austria as well –, the importance of this study is self-evident in that the current proposal is expected to shed important and unique insights on how different aspects of immigration and emigration discourses may affect citizen’s attitudes towards free movement. <br/
PUMA Unit Converter
No full textThe PUMA Repository is a collection of Pascal units supporting medical informatics. It contains reusable source code for a wide field of health-care application development. The code includes converting functions for units of measurement (Unit Converter) and an HL7 engine.
PUMA's Unit Converter is a set of Pascal code that comes with test cases for Lazarus / Free Pascal, Embarcadero Delphi and RAD Studio. It provides functions for parsing measurements consisting of numeric values and units of measurement. It also supports conversion of measurements from one unit to another one
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