50,428 research outputs found
Phyllonorycter obandai De Prins & Mozuraitis 2006
No full text49. Phyllonorycter obandai De Prins & Moz ū raitis, 2006 (Figs 98, 254–256, 340, 341, 400, 441) Phyllonorycter obandai — De Prins & Mozūraitis (2006: 55–68, figs 4, 8, 9). Diagnosis. The forewing pattern alone distinguishes this species from all other Afrotropical Phyllonorycter. The male genitalia slightly resemble those of P. brachylaenae in the form of the valvae. However, this species can be distinguished from P. brachylaenae in that P. obandai lacks a clearly defined suture on the ventral surface of the valva and has an aedoeagus that is twice as long as the saccus. The female genitalia of P. obandai are unique among Afrotropical Phyllonorycter, with an M-shaped sterigma, a very long ductus bursae with a sclerotized central region, and a small corpus bursae without signa. Sterigmatic appendices are present in P. aarviki, P. anchistea, and P. melanosparta, but the defined apophyses anteriores are absent in these species, whereas in P. obandai they are present and originate at segment VIII. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, [1] ‘ Kenya / Gatamaiyu Forest, 2280 m / 00°58’S, 036°41’E / 04.iv.2003 / leg. J. & W. De Prins’; [2] ‘ Z 8-tetradecen-1-yl / acetate’; [3] ‘Gen. Prep. 3664♂ / De Prins’; [4] ‘MRAC/KMMA 00251’; Specimen ID: [5] ‘ RMCA ENT 000002420 ’; [6] ‘HOLOTYPE ♂ / Phyllonorycter / obandai / De Prins & Mozūraitis, 2006 ’, in RMCA. Paratypes: 21♂: (including 6♂ preparations). Kenya: 1♂, Rift Valley, Turi, 8000 ft, 27.ii.2000, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz; gen. prep. De Prins 3502♂; PARATYPE ♂ Phyllonorycter obandai De Prins & Mozūraitis, 2006, in BMNH. 1♂, Gatamaiyu Forest, 2280 m, 00°58’S, 036°41’E, 04.iv.2003, leg. J. & W. De Prins; Z 8-tetradecen-1-yl acetate; Gen. Prep. De Prins 3640♂; ‘PARATYPE ♂ Phyllonorycter obandai De Prins & Mozūraitis, 2006 ’; MRAC/KMMA 00252; Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000002421, in RMCA. 3♂, Gatamaiyu Forest, 2280 m, 00°58’S, 036°41’E, 04.iv.2003, leg. J. & W. De Prins; Z 8-tetradecen-1-yl acetate; gen. prep. De Prins 3640♂; PARATYPE ♂/ Phyllonorycter obandai De Prins & Mozūraitis, 2006; Specimen IDs: RMCA ENT 000002431–000002433, in RMCA. 1♂, Gatamaiyu Forest, 2280 m, 00°58’S, 036°41’E, 04.iv.2003, leg. J. & W. De Prins; Z 8-tetradecen-1-yl acetate; gen. prep. De Prins 3641♂; ‘PARATYPE ♂ Phyllonorycter obandai De Prins & Mozūraitis, 2006 ’; in BMNH, DNA voucher CLV25407, in CCDB. 1♂, Kakamega Forest, 1590 m, 00°21’N 034°51’E, 28.iii.2003, leg. J. & W. De Prins; Z 8-tetradecen-1-yl acetate; PARATYPE ♂ Phyllonorycter obandai De Prins & Mozūraitis, 2006, in BMNH. 2♂, same label data, in NMK. 10♂, Specimen IDs: RMCA ENT 000002423–000002428, 000002430–000002432, 000002934, wing venation prep. De Prins 3769♂, MRAC/ KMMA 00493, in RMCA, DNA voucher CLV12607, in CCDB. 1♂, Kakamega Forest, 1590 m, 00°21’N 034°51’E, 28.iii.2003, leg. J. & W. De Prins; Z 8-tetradecen-1-yl acetate; gen. prep. De Prins 3662♂; ‘PARATYPE ♂ Phyllonorycter obandai De Prins & Mozūraitis, 2006 ’; MRAC/KMMA 00253; Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000002431, in RMCA. 1♂, Kakamega Forest, 1590 m, 00°21’N 034°51’E, 28.iii.2003, leg. J. & W. De Prins; Z 8- tetradecen-1-yl acetate; gen. prep. De Prins 3663♂; ‘PARATYPE ♂ Phyllonorycter obandai De Prins & Mozūraitis, 2006; MRAC/KMMA 00254; specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000002429, in RMCA. Additional material: 2♀ (including 1♀ genitalia preparation). Kenya: 1♀, Rift Valley, Prov.[ince] Turi, 8000 ft, 8.xii.1998, D. J. L. Agassiz, gen. prep. De Prins 3503♀, in BMNH. 1♀, Central Castle Forest Lodge, 2000 m, 0°22’51”S 37°18’35”E, 5.xii.2010, leg. D. Agassiz & L. Aarvik, in BMNH. Redescription. Adult (Fig. 98). Forewing length: 3.0–3.3 mm (n = 15). Head: Vertex tufted with golden brown, piliform scales intermixed with white; frons smooth, shiny white, with pale brown suffusion apically. Labial palpi light fuscous, whitish distally. Maxillary palpus dirty white, proboscis light ochreous. Antenna as long as forewing or slightly shorter, whitish brown, flagellomeres with brownish scales in their posterior half, but not clearly ringed; scape white above, yellowish brown beneath, pecten light ochreous, ca. 1/3 as long as diameter of compound eye. Thorax: Golden brown, with a white, bent, transverse band, tegulae whitish with brownish suffusion posteriorly. Forewing elongate, ground colour golden brown with markings consisting of slender, straight basal streak reaching almost 1/4 of forewing, not edged; and with three costal and three dorsal strigulae; first dorsal strigula at 1/3, narrow, reaching 3/4 of forewing width, obliquely curved towards apex, finely edged with blackish posteriorly and elongate with whitish towards base along dorsum, sometimes connected with basal streak; second dorsal strigula triangular, at 1/2, with slight suffusion of golden scales posteriorly and sharply edged with row of black scales basally; third dorsal strigula at 7/10, subtriangular, blackish edged basally; first costal strigula at 1/2, narrow, directed dorsally, edged basally with two rows of black scales; second costal strigula at 2/3, small, subtriangular, situated opposite third dorsal strigula, oblique, blackish edged basally, with suffusion of black scales separating it from next strigula; third costal strigula just before apex, comma shaped, directed basally, not edged with black; with suffusion of black dispersed scales in apical part of forewing; dark brown fringe line preceded by ochreous shade, fringe pale golden shiny brown. Hindwing pale fuscous, fringe pale golden ochreous. Fore femur and tibia dark fuscous, tarsomere 1 dark fuscous, terminal segments dirty white; mid-femur dirty white with three vertical short rows of dark brown scales separated by light ochreous scales at 1/4, at 1/2 and subapically; mid-tibia dirty white with narrow fuscous patches basally and at 1/2; tibial spurs dirty white in basal half, fuscous in apical half; tarsomeres 1 and 2 fuscous, apical segments dirty white; hind femur almost uniformly pale ochreous, hind tibia dirty white with an elongate brownish patch extending from 1/2 to apex of tibia; tarsus dirty white, medial apical spurs of hindleg dirty white with fuscous subapices. Abdomen: Brown dorsally, lustrous white ventrally; conspicuous sex-scaling absent. Eighth sternum of male rounded, rounded caudally, apex slightly concave. Male genitalia (Figs 254–256). Tegumen short, sclerotized, apex evenly rounded. Valvae symmetrical, moderate, 1.5× longer than 8th sternum, ca. 350 µm long, straight in basal half and gradually broadened and rounded distally, slightly curved ventrally, bearing longitudinal ridges in apical section and line of subcostal and subdorsal setae stretching from subbasal section to middle; basal section without hairs. Vinculum narrow, short, rounded; saccus very long, 1.8× longer than valva, ca. 620 µm long, slender, bearing small apical process. Transtilla developed and sclerotized with long bent proximal arms. Aedoeagus very long, approximately 2.5× longer than valva, ca. 780 µm long, slender, almost straight and parallel sided; vesica with 2 narrow, needle-like cornuti, extending parallel, ca. 1/5 length of aedoeagus (clearly visible at 200×). Female genitalia (Figs 340, 341). Papillae anales, slightly sclerotized, laterally compressed, trapezoid, with few short scare setae mostly along posterior and lateral margins, also intermixed with a few long setae and tiny micro-setae, mostly situated laterally; basal part of papillae anales strongly sclerotized bent, separated, not joint to form basal bar, but remaining as two strongly sclerotized bows. Posterior apophyses with broad bent, triangular bases, straight, parallel to each other, gently tapering to narrowly rounded apices, 328 µm long, reaching posterior margin of segment VII. Segment VIII melanized, gradually widening towards anterior margin, strongly connected with segment VII ventro-dorsally and laterally. Anterior apophyses slightly more sclerotized than posterior apophyses with small triangular bases extending to sclerotized bands laterally, slightly shorter than posterior apophyses, 230 µm long, parallel to each other, gently tapering, slightly curved and directed dorsad towards pointed apices. Segment VII, trapezoidal, stronger melanized posteriorly. Ostium bursae in anterior 1/3 of segment VII, in a rectangular depression of sterigmatic formation; sterigma consisting of three parts: well developed rectangular lamella antevaginalis and two raised lateral sides of sterigma which bear curved, deviating, directed anterad slender, sclerotized appendices with sharp apices. Antrum tube-formed, short, stronger melanized than fowwing part of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae very long (1.12 mm), slender, narrow, gradually widening towards corpus bursae with a small sclerotization anterad junction with ductus seminalis. Ductus seminalis originating slightly posteriad of median portion of ductus bursae, bulla seminalis long and narrow, much smaller than corpus bursae. Corpus bursae long, oval with smooth gradual transition to ductus bursae, without signum. Variation. There is little variation other than the forewing length and shape of the third strigulae. The colour intensity of fore wing varies slightly from golden ochreous to golden brown. The colour shading of ochreousfuscous patch on the outer side of the hind tibia can vary from almost invisible to dark fuscous. DNA sequences. Two DNA barcodes are available for P. obandai (Molecular sample codes: Poba1 [JX888190], Poba2 [JX888191]; Table S1). Habitat. Phyllonorycter obandai was found at three sites in Kenya: Rift Valley, the mountainous Gatamaiyu Forest, and the tropical Kakamega rainforest. These sites are located at altitudes between 1600 and 2400 m. In all three known sites the Guineo-Congolian flora is intermixed with savannah vegetation and the climate is cooler and less humid in comparison with related equatorial forests of Central Africa (Fig. 441). Photographs of the type locality and other collecting sited are shown in De Prins & Mozūraitis (2006). Hostplant(s). Unknown. Mine. Unknown. Flight period. Moths are on the wing from early December to early April. Sex attractant. Z8-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (De Prins & Mozūraitis 2006). Distribution. (Fig. 400). Known from three localities in Kenya bordering the Albertine Rift closely situated at just less than a degree around the equator (De Prins & Mozūraitis 2006).Published as part of Prins, Jurate De & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2012, Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), pp. 1-283 in Zootaxa 3594 (1) on pages 135-137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3594.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/605212
Maxillary osteosarcoma in a beef suckler cow
No full textA ten-year-old beef suckler cow was referred to the Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety of the University of Glasgow, because of facial swelling in the region of the right maxilla. The facial swelling was first noticed three months earlier and was caused by a slow growing oral mass which contained displaced, loosely embedded teeth. The radiographic, laboratory and clinicopathological findings are described. Necropsy, gross pathology and histological findings confirmed the mass as a maxillary osteosarcoma
Kustontwikkeling: Verleden, Heden, Toekomst
No full textIn deze verzameling bijdragen wordt het kustonderzoek in Nederland in brede zin voor het voetlicht gehaald. In de tweede en derde bijdrage ligt de nadruk op de beschrijving van de morfologie vanuit deelprocessen zoals golven, stroom en sediment transport. In de daarop volgende bijdragen verschuift het accent naar het beschrijven van de verschijnselen. Zoals uit deze bundel zal blijken, wordt langs beide ontwikkelingslijnen, de inductieve en deductieve lijn, essentiële morfologische kennis verzameld, waarmee het kustbeleid kan worden onderbouwd. Het voorblad van deze bundel bijdragen wordt gesierd door een Cimmerische wachter. Deze wachter symboliseert de houding ten opzichte van het kustonderzoek zoals die tijdens het colloquium verwoord is. De wachter te paard is alert en zijn blik is gericht op de toekomst. De Directeur Generaal van de Rijkswaterstaat, Ir J. van Dixhoorn, verwoordde dit als volgt: "Het onderzoek naar de kustdefensie zal offensief moeten worden aangepakt. Immers geen betere defensie dan het offensief. Dynamisch kustbeleid een uitdaging, integraal en multifunctioneel, een opdracht". Dit verzamelwerk bevat de volgende rapporten: 1. Snellius III in de Noordzee? - ir. J. Prins 2. Voeten op de Grond, Tenen in het Water - ir. E.A. Bosman, ir. W. Bakker & drs. L. Kohsiek 3. Fysisch-Mathematische Modelontwikkeling in de Kustmorfologie - ir. P. Vellinga & dr.ir. H.J. de Vriend 4. De Kust in Vier Dimensies - dr. J. Wiersma 5. Een Geologische Kijk op de Kust - dr. S. Jelgersma 6. Een Gesloten Kust, een Historische Werkelijkheid? - dr. G. Borger 7. Wat weten we nu eigenlijk van het gedrag van de Nederlandse kust? - dr. J.H.J. Terwindt 8. De Kust als Systeem - dr.ir. H.G. Wind 9. Dynamisch Kustbeheer, de Uitdaging om Verstandig om te gaan met het Fundament van Nederland - ir. J. van Dixhoor
Chemically Fueled Self-Assembly in Biology and Chemistry
No full textLife is a non-equilibrium state of matter maintained at the expense of energy. Nature uses predominantly chemical energy stored in thermodynamically activated, but kinetically stable, molecules. These high-energy molecules are exploited for the synthesis of other biomolecules, for the activation of biological machinery such as pumps and motors, and for the maintenance of structural order. Knowledge of how chemical energy is transferred to biochemical processes is essential for the development of artificial systems with life-like processes. Here, we discuss how chemical energy can be used to control the structural organization of organic molecules. Four different strategies have been identified according to a distinguishable physical-organic basis. For each class, one example from biology and one from chemistry are discussed in detail to illustrate the practical implementation of each concept and the distinct opportunities they offer. Specific attention is paid to the discussion of chemically fueled non-equilibrium self-assembly. We discuss the meaning of non-equilibrium self-assembly, its kinetic origin, and strategies to develop synthetic non-equilibrium systems
Highstand vs. lowstand turbidite system growth in the Makran active margin: Imprints of high-frequency external controls on sediment delivery mechanisms to deep water systems
No full textJ. Bourget, S. Zaragosi, S. Ellouz-Zimmermann, E. Ducassou, M.A. Prins, T. Garlan, V. Lanfumey, J.-L. Schneider, P. Rouillard, J. Giraudea
Cameraria torridella De Prins 2012, new species
No full text12. Cameraria torridella De Prins, new species (Figs 15, 37, 167–169, 303, 304, 366) Diagnosis. Cameraria torridella resembles Phyllonorycter loxozona which also feeds on Dombeya spp. White vertex, curved second fascia, horizontal stripe of black scales between second fascia and apex differentiate this species externally from other lithocolletine species feeding on Dombeya spp. Compared to P. loxozona, the male genitalia of C. torridella are diagnostic in having much shorter, broader valva with rounded cuculli, H-shaped transtilla, sclerotized anellus, tegumen with a small protruding tuba analis and rather long saccus. Female genitalia of C. torridella with conus shaped sterigma located at median sector of segment VII. This character conspicuously differentiates C. torridella from P. loxozona, The anterior apophyses of C. torridella are ca. 2× longer than those in P. loxozona. Holotype: ♂, [1] ‘ Kenya Rift Valley Prov.[ince] / Turi, 8000 ft / 2.xii.1998 / [leg.] D. J. L. Agassiz’; [2] ‘Gen. Prep. 3489♂ / De Prins’; [3] ‘MRAC/KMMA / 00287’, specimen ID: [4] ‘ RMCA ENT 000003121 ’, [5] ‘Holotype ♂ / Cameraria / torridella / De Prins, 2012 ’, in RMCA. Paratypes: 5♂, 3♀ (including 5♂ and 2♀ genitalia preparations), 4 specimens (from which 2 specimens miss their abdomens). Kenya : 4♂, Rift Valley Prov.[ince], Turi, 8000 ft, l.[arva] Dombeya torrida, em.[erge] from 29.x.1998 to 07.xi.1998, leg. D. J. L. Agassiz, specimens IDs: RMCA ENT 000003122–000003124, gen. prep. De Prins 3488♂ (MRAC/KMMA 00288), 3491♂ (MRAC/KMMA 00289), 3495♂ (MRAC/KMMA 00290), 3767♂ (MRAC/KMMA 00491), wing venation prep. 3766♂ (MRAC/KMMA 00490), head prep. 3785♂ (MRAC/KMMA 00526), in RMCA, from which 1♂ in BMNH. 1♂, Rift Valley Prov.[ince], Turi, 8000 ft, 2.iii.2000, leg. D. J. L. Agassiz, gen. prep. De Prins 3496♂ (MRAC/KMMA 00379), specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003270, in RMCA, DNA voucher in INRA. 2♀, Rift Valley Prov.[ince], Turi, 8000 ft, l.[arva] Dombeya torrida, em.[erge] 29.x.1998 and 03.xi.1998, leg. D. J. L. Agassiz. Specimen IDs: RMCA ENT 000003126—000003127, gen. prep. De Prins 3492♀ (MRAC/KMMA 00291), 3768♀ (MRAC/KMMA 00492), in RMCA. 1♀, Rift Valley Prov.[ince], Turi, 8000 ft, l.[arva] Dombeya torrida, em.[erge] 26.x.1998, leg. D. J. L. Agassiz, in BMNH. 2 specimens, same data, in NMK. 2 specimens, missing abdomens, Rift Valley Prov.[ince], Turi, 8000 ft, l.[arva] Dombeya torrida, em.[erge] 01.xi.1998 and 03.xi.1998, leg. D. J. L. Agassiz, specimen IDs: RMCA ENT 000003128–000003129, in RMCA. Description. Adult (Fig. 37). Forewing length: 3.0–3.6 mm. Head: Vertex tufted with white piliform scales intermixed with ochreous brown, more abundant on anterior margin of occiput; frons smooth, shiny white covered with long narrow appressed scales. Labial palpus1.5 longer than eye, light shiny ochreous dorsally and fuscous laterally from outside, directed downwards and apically pointed. Maxillary palpus very small almost imperceptible, light ochreous, proboscis rather long, curved, light beige with golden shine. Antenna slightly shorter than forewing, consisting of 43–44 flegellomeres, lightly ringed, smooth, first three flagellomeres dirty white, remaining flagellomeres gradually darkened attaining dirty white basal halves and shading ochreous-fuscous apical halves covered with ciliate tiny scales; last three flagellomeres grey; pedicel dirty white anteriorly and light fuscous-ochreous posteriorly; scape white anteriorly with white blacktipped scales, and shiny bright ochreous posteriorly, pecten white with ochreous bases, slightly shorter than half of eye. Thorax. White anteriorly, ochreous posteriorly with white patch at caudal sector; tegulae ochreous anteriorly and white at 1/3 posterior sector. Forewing elongate, ground colour shiny ochreous with white markings consisting of basal streak, two fascia, two costal and one dorsal strigulae; basal streak short, 1/9 of forewing, slender, running parallel to costa and reaching first fascia, not edged; a narrow line of dark brown scales runs along costa starting from base of forewing and ending at first fascia; first fascia at 1/5, irregular shaped and curved distally at subcostal sector, edged with two rows of black scales apically; second fascia at 1/3 parallel to first facia, running parallel to first fascia, edged with two rows of black scales apically, and a few single scales near dorsum and costa basally, first costal strigula at 3/5 blunt triangular, not reaching midline of forewing, edged on both sides with one row of black scales, first dorsal strigula opposite first costal strigula, but larger, extending slightly beyond middle of forewing (in one paratype smaller than first costal strigula), irregular triangular shaped, in holotype constricted, in two paratypes joint with costal strigula, edged on both sides with one row of black scales; second costal strigula almost at apex, comma or irregular patch shape, not strictly edged, but many black scales are scattered around second costal strigula; broad irregular horizontal line of dispersed black scales subcostally make bridge from second fascia towards intersector between first dorsal and first costal strigulae; an irroration of black scales extends to termen of forewing; apical streak of black scales runs from tips of costal and dorsal strigulae and extends running along outer margin of forewing; fringe dirty white with golden shine, very short at apex, longer at termen and as long as width of forewing at tornus and dorsum. Hindwing light fuscous with long light ochreous shiny fringe. Fore femur dark fuscous dorsally and dirty white ventrally, fore tibia dark fuscous with dirty white apical patch in male and fuscous in females, fore tarsomere I light grey basally with dark fuscus apical sector in in both sexes, tarsomere II light shiny silver grey with dark fuscous basal ring in males and light ochreous in females, with dark ochreous apical sector in both sexes, tarsomere III dark ochreous, tarsomere IV light grey with light ochreous apical half in both sexes, tarsomere V white in both sexes; mid-femur dirty white, mid-tibia white with three elongate patches of light fuscous scales, first at 1/3, second at ½, and third at apical region, tarsomere I dirty white with dark fuscous apical half, tarsomere II white with dark fuscous apical ring, tarsomere III dark fuscous, terminal tarsomeres white, apical spurs white with ochreous patch at base; hind femur white with light fuscous irregular patch at 1/2, hind tibia light fuscous, with oppressed shiny light golden fuscous hairs, hind tarsomere I with fuscous subapical ring in males and light ochreous subbasal and subapical patches in females, tarsomeres II–V white with light golden shine, medial spurs dark fuscous with whites bases and apices, apical spurs white with a few light ochreous scales at 1/2. Abdomen. Segments I–III light fuscous dorsally and golden ochreous ventrally in males, fuscous dorsally and golden ochreous ventrally in females, segments IV–VII dark fuscous dorsally and dirty white ventrally in males, fuscous ventrally and golden ochreous in females, caudal segments grey dorsally and golden ochreous ventrally in both sexes. Segment VIII in males twice long as broad, gently tapering and rounded caudally, covered with long setae more dense at lateral margins, caudal surface rough edged. Male genitalia (Figs 167–169). Tegumen rather long, almost as long as valva, truncate posteriorly with tiny truncate tuba analis; light setose subapically (visible at 400×) covered with sparse longer setae and numerous short microtrichiae. Valvae symmetrical, slightly longer than sternum VIII, ca. 350 µm, narrow at base to 1/2, broaden from median surface to almost round distally; ventral valval margin with a transparent unsclerotized transitional lobe at 1/2; basal half of ventral surface of valva without setae, but distal half of ventral surface dense setose. Setae becoming shorter and thicker towards apex and along ventral distal margin of valva. Vinculum narrow laterally, significantly broader rounded at base of saccus, strongly sclerotized especially ventrad saccus; saccus slender, ca. 1/2 length of valva, blunt caudally; transtilla H-shaped, of moderate width, about 1/3 of aedoeagus, with two lateral posterior processes ca. half as long as central part of transtilla, annellus sclerotized with developed fultura. Aedoeagus slightly longer than valva, rather thick, gently tapering from coecum towards vesica; vesica with elongate strongly sclerotized rod like cornuti at about 1/3 of total length of aedoaegus (visible at 100×). Female genitalia (Figs 303, 304). Papillae anales connected dorsally, flattened, lightly sclerotized, rounded posteriorly, covered with sparse long setae, ca. 60 µm in length, basal bar inperceptible; a slender, needle-like, weakly sclerotized projection ca. 140 µm extending from bases of anterior apophyses, reaching posterior 1/3 section of segment VIII. Posterior apophyses slightly longer than segment VIII, ca. 0.50 mm long, reaching posterior sector of segment VII, slender and narrow with gently pointed apices. Segment VIII weakly sclerotized and well connected to segment VII. Anterior apophyses ca 0.45 mm in length, reaching subanterior portion of segment VII, slender, gently pointed. Posterior margin of segment VII weakly sclerotized, without bar, tuberculate. Ostium bursae located at 1/2 of segment VII, with markedly expressed conus-shaped sterigma, ductus bursae ca. 1.5× length of segment VII, ca. 0.70 mm long, narrow, antrum narrow, melanized, followed by narrow, gradually broadening section with smoothly sclerotized wall. Corpus bursae subcircular, small, ca. 0.20 mm in diameter, ca. 0.28 mm long, bearing two sclerotized sections: one with rough sclerotizations, other a smooth ellipsoidal plate with a long (ca. 90 µm), distinctly sclerotized, rod-like signum crossing centre of elipsoidal plate. Variation. Slight variation was observed in the costal and dorsal strigulae: the first costal and first dorsal strigulae may be joined or separate. Irroration of black scales at the termen and dorsum of the forewing varies in intensity. The background of the vertex is white, but the amount of infused ochreous piliform scales varies slightly, resulting in slightly different colours of the tufted vertex. Etymology. The name of this species is derived from the specific name of the host plant torrida coupled with the diminutive Latin suffix –ella in feminine gender. Habitat. The moths have been found at 2200–2500 m, where green vegetation is present for 10 months of the year (D. Agassiz pers. comm.). Host plant(s). Malvaceae: Dombeya torrida (J.F. Gmel.) Bamps. Mine. Underside, tentiform mine (D. Agassiz pers. comm.). Flight period. Adults fly in early March and from late October to early December. Gene Bank accession number. AF477550 (Lopez-Vaamonde et al. 2003: 1818 as P. loxozana [sic], which is a misidentification of C. torridella). Distribution. (Fig. 366). Recorded only from one locality in the Rift Valley in Kenya.Published as part of Prins, Jurate De & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2012, Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), pp. 1-283 in Zootaxa 3594 (1) on pages 54-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3594.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/605212
Enhanced catalytic activity under non-equilibrium conditions
No full textThe development of non-equilibrium synthetic systems provides access to innovative materials with life-like properties. Non-equilibrium systems require a continuous input of energy to retain their functional state, which makes for a fundamental difference to systems that operate at thermodynamic equilibrium. Kinetic asymmetry in the energy consumption pathway is required to drive systems out of equilibrium. This understanding has permitted chemists to design dissipative synthetic molecular machines and high-energy materials. Here we show that kinetic asymmetry also emerges at the macroscopic level by demonstrating that local energy delivery in the form of light to a hydrogel containing gold nanoparticles installs a non-equilibrium steady state. The instalment and maintenance of the macroscopic non-equilibrium state is facilitated by the gel matrix in which motion is governed by diffusion rather than convection. The non-equilibrium state is characterized by a persistent gradient in the surface composition of the nanoparticles embedded in the gel, which affects the fluorescent and catalytic properties of the system. We show that the overall catalytic performance of the system is enhanced under these non-equilibrium conditions. In perspective it will be possible to develop out-of-equilibrium matrices in which functional properties emerge as a result of spatially controlled energy delivery and spatially controlled chemistries
Expression and Functional Studies on the Noncoding RNA, PRINS.
No full textPRINS, a noncoding RNA identified earlier by our research group, contributes to psoriasis susceptibility and cellular stress response. We have now studied the cellular and histological distribution of PRINS by using in situ hybridization and demonstrated variable expressions in different human tissues and a consistent staining pattern in epidermal keratinocytes and in vitro cultured keratinocytes. To identify the cellular function(s) of PRINS, we searched for a direct interacting partner(s) of this stress-induced molecule. In HaCaT and NHEK cell lysates, the protein proved to be nucleophosmin (NPM) protein as a potential physical interactor with PRINS. Immunohistochemical experiments revealed an elevated expression of NPM in the dividing cells of the basal layers of psoriatic involved skin samples as compared with healthy and psoriatic uninvolved samples. Others have previously shown that NPM is a ubiquitously expressed nucleolar phosphoprotein which shuttles to the nucleoplasm after UV-B irradiation in fibroblasts and cancer cells. We detected a similar translocation of NPM in UV-B-irradiated cultured keratinocytes. The gene-specific silencing of PRINS resulted in the retention of NPM in the nucleolus of UV-B-irradiated keratinocytes; suggesting that PRINS may play a role in the NPM-mediated cellular stress response in the skin
ATP-fuelled self-assembly to regulate chemical reactivity in the time domain
No full textHere, we exploit a small biomolecule-ATP-to gain temporal control over chemical reactivity in a synthetic system composed of small self-assembling molecules and reactants. The approach relies on the capacity of ATP to template the formation of amphiphile-based assemblies. The presence of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase causes a gradual decrease in the ATP-concentration in time and, consequently, a spontaneous dissociation of the assemblies. The uptake of apolar reactants in the hydrophobic domain of the assemblies leads to an enhancement of the reaction rate. It is shown that ATP-triggered self-assembly causes the selective upregulation of one out of two hydrazone-bond formation reactions that take place concurrently in the system. This leads to an inversion in the product ratio, which, however, is transient in nature because the upregulated reaction spontaneously reverts to its basal low reaction rate once the ATP has been consumed by the enzyme. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of chemically-fuelled self-assembly under dissipative conditions to gain temporal control over reactivity in complex chemical systems
[Letter from Arthur S. Rosichan to J. L. Zuber - August 11, 1944]
No full textLetter from Arthur S. Rosichan to J. L. Zuber: August 11, 1944. Subject of the letter is the author moving to Houston to work for the Jewish Community Council
- …
