6,134 research outputs found
Change Blindness for Emotional Stimuli: Differences between Younger and Adults
No full textINTRODUCTION
Various cognitive processes such as memory and executive functions decline with age. Many studies have shown that older are more susceptible to distractions and interferences by irrelevant information. According to these findings, previous research has shown that change blindness increases with age. However, no study had examined in older people change detection for emotional stimuli.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the differences between Younger and Older in the change blindness for the Emotional Stimuli by using an Emotional Flicker Task.
METHOD
Forty-two volunteers participated to the experiment. They were divided into two groups: Younger (N=21; 8Female, 13Male, Age:23,19; DS:2,56 ) and Older (N=21; 8Female, 13Male, Age:63,66; DS:7,31).
In the Emotional Flicker Task, on each trial, an original and modified version of a picture alternated repeatedly (240-ms display time), separated by a grey screen (80 ms), until the participants pressed the space bar to indicate they had detected the change. The change can be of Marginal (MA) or Central interest (CE). The images, selected from the International Affective Picture System, were characterized by Emotional Valence: Positive (POS), Negative (NEG), or Neutral (NEU).
RESULTS
An ANOVA Group (Older, Younger) x Change Type (CE, MA) x Valence (POS, NEG, NEU) on Response Time (RT) revealed a significant effect of: Group (F1,40=95,49; p<0,001; pη2=0,70), Younger were faster than Older; Change Type (F1,40=246,26; p<0,001; pη2=0,86), CE were identified quicker then MA; Valence (F2,80=4,23; p=0,02; pη2=0,09); RT were faster in both NEG and POS than in NEU.
The Group x Change Type interaction (F1,40=55,63; p<0,001; pη2=0,5) revealed that Younger were more faster than Older in MA (p<0,001); while the Group x Valence (F2,80=4,10; p=0,02; pη2=0,09) interaction showed that Younger were more faster than Older in all emotional conditions (NEG, NEU, POS).
The ANOVA on Accuracy confirmed the results found with RT, although the Group x Valence (F2,80=3,51; p=0,03; pη2=0,08) interaction revealed a greater accuracy in NEU of the Older compared to the Younger.
DISCUSSION
Findings of this study confirm that change in Emotional-Related stimuli is perceived faster by Younger than Older. These results were not confirmed when accuracy was considered. In this case, Older showed a better performance than Younger, but only when the images were neutral. More studies are necessary to analyse this relation
Case study on the choices to be made to limit the damage of the transitional period
Get PDFFollowing the transition period, there is a clear reduction in performance levels for individual skills such as jumping, speed, dexterity and strength of the upper limbs. A compensatory working hypothesis is urgently needed to mitigate the damage. The aim of the study is to investigate the motivation, thought and self-criticism of athletes on this subject through the case study with the method of administration of a questionnaire that evaluate the propensity to train in the transition period and preference for methodological choices. The administration was done through a special online platform, in total anonymity so as not to incur in false data. The study is submitted to volleyball athletes of different sex and age. The study involved 67 athletes divided into 3 groups: 19 boys aged between 18 and 29 years, 22 girls aged between 13 and 18 years and 26 other girls aged between 19 and 30 years. From the study conducted shows a favourable propensity to continue the activity during this period by athletes preferring group activities over solo activities. And there is a tendency to leave the decision on the planning of activities to the figure of the coach. In conclusion, the study gives an immediate response to the hypothesis of solving the problem by finding fertile ground in the will of the athletes and in any case ascertains the functionality of the method to be adopted for a study with a large and representative sports sample
Effect of Early Enteral Feeding on Apolipoprotein AI Levels and High-Density Lipoprotein Heterogeneity in Preterm Infants
Get PDFBackground/Aim: We have previously shown that infants receiving total parenteral nutrition have low apolipoprotein Al levels which are associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) class distributions as in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. This study investigates the influence of early enteral feedings on apolipoprotein Al and HDL subclasses. Methods: Apolipoprotein Al and HDL distributions were determined in 15 total parenterally fed preterm infants (TPN group) receiving early feedings, in 28 enterally fed preterm infants (ENT group), and in 26 term infants at birth and on day 5. The HDL subclasses were determined by gradient gel electrophoresis. Results: In the TPN group, the apolipoprotein Al levels increased significantly postnatally (from 73 +/- 16 to 104 +/- 23 mg/dl) to levels found in the term and ENT groups on day 5 (88 +/- 16 and 96 +/- 19 mg/dl). The HDL subclass distributions at birth and on day 5 were similar in both TPN and ENT groups with more large HDL2b and less small HDL3c than in term infants. Whereas the HDL subclass distribution of term infants remained unchanged, in TPN and ENT infants, a shift from HDL2b to HDL3c was observed, with no difference between term and preterm infants on day 5. Conclusion: In contrast to exclusively parenterally fed infants, infants receiving early enteral feedings exhibited a significant rise of apolipoprotein Al and HDL subclass distributions as fully enterally fed preterm infants. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
INFLUENCE OF FELDENKRAIS METHOD ON SPINE HEALTH IN PROFESSIONAL ORCHESTRAL MUSICIANS. PILOT STUDY/INFLUENZA DEL METODO FELDENKRAIS SULLA SALUTE DEL RACHIDE IN MUSICISTI ORCHESTRALI PROFESSIONISTI. STUDIO PILOTA
Get PDFObiettivo: Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di esaminare se il Metodo
Feldenkrais fosse utile per migliorare la flessibilità muscolare e ridurre il
dolore alla schiena in musicisti orchestrali professionisti.
Materiali e metodi: Diciassette partecipanti sono stati reclutati da un
orchestra sinfonica di Palermo (Italia) e divisi casualmente in un gruppo di
controllo (C, n = 8) e un gruppo Feldenkrais (F, n = 9). Il primo non ha
partecipato al protocollo Feldenkrais e a qualsiasi altra attività fisica; mentre
il secondo ha preso parte ad un programma costituito da quattro lezioni di
gruppo di Consapevolezza Attraverso il Movimento (CAM) eseguito 2 ore
alla settimana per 4 settimane. Al fine di valutare lo stato di salute della
colonna vertebrale, abbiamo usato il sit-and-reach test ed il trunk lift test. Le
differenze all'interno di ogni gruppo e tra il gruppo C e il gruppo F sono state
rispettivamente esaminate con il test di Wilcoxon e quello di Mann-Whitney;
e considerate significative con p ≤ 0,05.
Risultati: La flessibilità muscolare del bicipite femorale e della regione
lombare, e la forza, la flessibilità e la resistenza dei muscoli estensori del
tronco era leggermente aumentata nel gruppo F rispetto al gruppo C dopo il
protocollo Feldenkrais; anche se questa variazione non era statisticamente
significativa. Diversamente, il gruppo C ha mostrato una riduzione del 5% in
entrambi i test dopo 4 settimane. Dopo il protocollo Feldenkrais, l’altezza
del gruppo F era significativamente maggiore rispetto a prima del
trattamento. Inoltre, abbiamo trovato che il numero dei partecipanti, che
hanno dichiarato di avere dolore forte e frequente alla schiena e agli arti,
diminuiva durante il periodo di svolgimento del protocollo Feldenkrais.
Questo effetto era maggiore nella regione cervicale rispetto a quella lombare
e agli arti superiori.
Conclusioni: I nostri risultati mostrano che il Metodo Feldenkrais ha effetti
positivi sulla flessibilità muscolare e supporta l'uso di questo metodo per
sciogliere le tensioni e le contrazioni muscolari che possono causare dolore
nei musicisti orchestrali professionisti.Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore whether Feldenkrais
Method was useful for improving muscular flexibility and reducing back
pain in professional orchestral musicians.
Materials and methods: Seventeen participants were recruited from a
symphony orchestra of Palermo (Italy) and randomly divided in a control
group (C, n=8) and a Feldenkrais group (F, n=9). The first didn’t participate
in the Feldenkrais protocol and any other physical activity; while the second
took part into a program consisting of four Awareness through movement
(ATM) classes performed 2 hours/week for 4 weeks. In order to assess
muscle fitness of spine, we used sit-and-reach and trunk lift test. The
differences within each group and between C and F groups were respectively
examined with Wilcoxon matched pair test and Mann-Whitney test; and
considered significant with p≤0.05.
Results: The muscular flexibility of hamstring and low back, and trunk
extensor strength, flexibility and endurance slightly increased in F group
compared with C group after Feldenkrais protocol even if this variation was
not statistically significant. Differently, C group showed a reduction by 5%
in both tests after 4 weeks. After Feldenkrais protocol, height of F group was
significantly bigger than before treatment. Moreover, we found that the
number of participants, who stated to have strong and frequent pain in the
back and limbs, decreased during performing the Feldenkrais protocol. This
effect was bigger in the cervical than lumbar spine and upper limbs.Conclusion: Our outcomes illustrate that Feldenkrais method has positive
effects on muscle flexibility and supports the use of this method for
dissolving muscle tensions and contractions that can cause pain in
professional orchestral musicians
Information Fortification
No full textIn this multi-method study, we examine citation activity on English-language Wikipedia to understand how information claims are supported in a non-scientific open collaboration context. We draw on three data sources-edit logs, interview data, and document analysis-to present an integrated interpretation of citation activity and found pervasive themes related to controversy and conflict. Based on this analysis, we present and discuss information fortification as a concept that explains online citation activity that arises from both naturally occurring and manufactured forms of controversy. This analysis challenges a workshop position paper from Group 2005 by Forte and Bruckman, which draws on Latour's sociology of science and citation to explain citation in Wikipedia with a focus on credibility seeking. We discuss how information fortification differs from theories of citation that have arisen from bibliometrics scholarship and are based on scientific citation practices
Externalizing symptoms and suicidal behaviour in adolescents; a 17 years population based longitudinal study
Get PDFBackground: Hyperactive/inattentive symptoms (HI-s) are associated with suicidal behaviour in clinical studies, but there is still a lack of population-based longitudinal investigations on the developmental aspects of this association. Moreover, it is unclear whether the association is similar for boys and girls. Aims: To test the association between the HI-s during childhood and suicidal ideation and attempt during adolescence, and to investigate sex differences.
Methods: 1407 children from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development were followed up from 5 months to 17 years of age. We used teacher-reports of HI-s from 6 to 12 years, and self-report of suicidal ideation and attempt at 13, 15, and 17 years. Results: We identified 3 HI-s trajectories: low (boys: 32.2%, girls: 48.7%), moderate (boys: 44.6%; girls: 42.2%) and high (boys: 23.2%; girls: 9.1%). Compared to boys on a low trajectory, boys on a moderate trajectory were at higher risk for suicidal ideation (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.2-14.8), and boys on a high trajectory were at higher risk for suicide attempts (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 1.1-17.9). Girls on moderate or high HI-s trajectories were not at higher risk for suicidal ideation or attempts than girls on low trajectories.
Conclusions: For boys, but not for girls, moderate-to-high HI-s increased the suicidal risk in adolescence. Interventions with preadolescent and adolescent boys showing HI-s symptoms should include a suicide prevention component. Population level suicide prevention for adolescents should particularly target boys with a history of HI-s problems.Background: Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt (suicidality) are common in adolescence and a public health concern. Childhood depression is a key risk factor for later suicidality and often co-occurs with irritability. No study to date has examined the joint association of depressive mood and irritability during childhood with later suicidality. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association of childhood irritability and depressive/anxious mood profiles with adolescent suicidality.
Methods: This population-based cohort study included 1430 participants in the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Participants underwent assessment yearly or bi-yearly (5 months to 17 years). Data were collected from March 16, 1998, through July 17, 2015. Profiles defined by the joint developmental trajectories of irritability and depressive/anxious mood at 6 to 12 years of age. Self-reported past-year suicidality (ie, serious suicidal ideation or suicide attempt) at 13, 15, and 17 years of age. Irritability and depressive/anxious mood were assessed using teacher report 5 times from 6 to 12 years of age.
Results: The study included 1430 participants (676 boys [47.3%] and 754 girls [52.7%]) followed up to 17 years of age. Group-based multitrajectory modeling identified the following profiles: combined no irritability and low depressive/anxious mood with low irritability and low depressive/anxious mood (831 [58.1%]; reference group), moderate irritability and low depressive/anxious mood (353 [24.7%]), high depressive/anxious mood only (94 [6.6%]), and high irritability and depressive/anxious mood (152 [10.6%]). Children with high irritability and high depressive/anxious mood reported higher rates of suicidality (25 of 152 [16.4%]) compared with the group with the lowest symptom levels (91 of 831 [11.0%]). In logistic regression analyses, the high irritability and depressive/anxious mood profile (odds ratio [OR], 2.22; 95% CI, 1.32-3.74; number needed to be exposed [NNE], 18) was associated with suicidality. To a lesser extent, the moderate irritability and low depressive/anxious mood profile was also associated with suicidality (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.02-2.25; NNE = 48). The high depressive/anxious mood only profile was not associated with later suicidality (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.47-1.95; NNE = -320). The high irritability and depressive/anxious mood profile was associated with a higher suicidal risk compared with the depressive/anxious mood only profile (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.02-5.15). Girls with the high irritability and high depressive/anxious mood profile had higher risk for suicidality (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.54-6.12; NNE = 5).
Conclusions: Children with high irritability and depressive/anxious mood and, to a lesser extent, with moderate irritability only had a higher suicidal risk during adolescence compared with children with low symptom levels. Early manifestation of chronic irritability during childhood, especially when combined with depressive/anxious mood, may be associated with an elevated risk for adolescent suicidality. The putatively causal role of irritability should be investigated
The Strength of Awkward Ties
No full textIn this multiple case study of two high schools in the USA, we use interview and focus group data to examine the experiences of teen-age students when they friend and interact with teachers, high school administrators, parents, and other adults on social network sites (SNS). We identify several types of teen-adult interactions on SNS, including finding information, community building, and mentoring online skills, and we connect these findings to literature on homophily and context collapse. We also report on social media norms and policies of the schools where our fieldwork was conducted. We discuss how organizational policies surrounding social media use can inhibit or reinforce the development of age-homophilous networks and thereby encourage or reduce opportunities for teen-adult interaction online. Finally, we conclude that boundary work associated with managing these complex social experiences, though awkward at times, can be an important learning experience for adults and young people alike
The Influence of Nonlinear Pedagogy Physical Education Intervention on Cognitive Abilities in Primary School Children: A Preliminary Study
No full textBackground/Objectives: The study aims to experiment with a teaching methodology based on the application of some principles of Nonlinear Pedagogy (NLP) in order to understand its effectiveness not only on motor development but also on attention and processing speed. Methods: A between-subjects quasi-experimental design involved 165 children (mean age = 7.21 ± 0.93 years), assigned to an experimental (n = 98; 45% Male and 55% Female) and control group (n = 67; 42% Male and 58% Female) over 16 weeks (32 sessions). The experimental group followed Physical Education (PE) lessons grounded on NLP principles, while control group followed traditional PE lessons. Divided attention and visual processing speed were assessed using the Witty SEM test with 2 difficulty levels, and the motor skills were assessed through Test of Gross Motor Development-3 and used as covariate. Results: Significant interactions emerged for Divided Attention (p = 0.014, d = 58 for level 1; p = 0.014, d = 42 for level 2). The visual processing speed also showed significant interaction (p < 0.001, d = 0.88 for level 1; p < 0.001, d = 1.11 for level 2). Conclusions: Findings from this preliminary study indicate a significant relationship between NLP-based teaching and improvements in attention and visual processing speed. The NLP intervention group outperformed the control group in both domains, supporting the effectiveness of this pedagogical approach within primary school PE settings. These promising results encourage further investigation with larger samples and over longer intervention periods
Tapahtumamarkkinointi Venäjällä : case: Canon Forte
Get PDFTämä opinnäytetyö käsittelee tapahtumamarkkinointia Venäjän markkinoilla case Canon Forten avulla. Opinnäytetyö erityisesti keskittyy markkinoinnin kilpailukeinoihin, markkinointiviestintään, tapahtumamarkkinointiin sekä Venäjän kulttuuriin.
Opinnäytetyö teoreettinen osuus on toteutettu kirjoituspöytätutkimuksena alan kirjallisuutta, Internet- aineistoa, haastatteluja sekä kirjoittajan omia ajatuksia käyttäen. Opinnäytetyön teoriaosuus jaetaan kahteen osaan. Teoriaosuus alkaa perustiedoista markkinoinnin kilpailukeinoista ja markkinointiviestinnästä. Tapah-tumamarkkinointia esitetään omana osa-alueena, mitä tuetaan erilaisilla vertailuilla sekä markkinointimalleilla. Seuraavaksi siirrytään Venäjän kulttuuriosuuteen, mikä erityisesti käsittelee Venäjän liiketapoja.
Opinnäytetyön empiirisenä osuutena toimii tapahtuma Canon Forte. Tapahtumaa toteutettiin kahden yrityksen Canonin ja JM Corporationin voimin Venäjällä. Em-piirinen osuus alkaa ensin tapahtuman lyhyestä kuvauksesta sekä tapahtuman tavoitteista. Päätavoite oli saada riittävän määrän osallistujia tietystä kohderyhmästä Canon Forte- tapahtumaan. Tämän jälkeen syvennytään siihen, miten asetettuihin tavoitteisiin päästiin. Käytännön osio on pitkälle kirjoitettu opinnäytetyön laatijan omia ajatuksia ja mielipiteitä käyttäen, koska hän oli suorittanut työharjoittelua JM Tieto Oy:ssä ja auttoi hieman Canon Forte tapahtuman markkinoinnissa. JM Corporation on suomalaisen yrityksen JM Tieto Oy:n venäläinen tytäryhtiö.
Opinnäytetyön yhteenvedossa ja johtopäätöksissä yhdistetään teoriaa ja empiiristä osuutta.The study explores event marketing in the Russian market with the help of a case Canon Forte. The focus of this study is especially on competitive tools, marketing communication, event marketing and Russian culture.
The theory part of this study is conducted as desk research and the sources include literature related to the topic, internet publications, interviews, and the author’s own observations. The theory part of this thesis can be divided in two parts. The theory part begins with basic information about competitive tools and marketing communications. The study deals with event marketing as a separate sector and it is backed up with different comparisons and marketing models. The second part is about Russian culture especially about Russian business etiquette.
In the empirical part, this thesis focuses on an event Canon Forte. The event was carried out in Russia with the help of two companies Canon and JM Corporation. The empirical part begins with a short introduction about the event and the main goals of the event. The main issue was how to get enough people of that specific target group to participate in Canon Forte. Next it concentrates on how these companies reached those goals. The empirical part is mostly written by using the author’s own thoughts and opinions. The author of this thesis did her practical training in JM Tieto Ltd and helped a little bit in the arrangement of the event. JM Corporation is a Russian daughter company of the Finnish company JM Tieto Ltd.
In the summary and in the conclusion writer is putting together the theory and the empirical part
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