312 research outputs found
Investigation on the rotational deformation of SEB specimens with various crack length to width ratio
No full textAbstractA new CTOD calculation formula was proposed by using a correction factor for the blunted crack tip in the authors’ previous report[Kawabata et al(2016)], and the calculated CTOD by the formula significantly corresponded to the actual CTOD obtained by FE analysis in the wide range of specimen thicknesses. However, the use of the CTOD formula is limited to the frequently used crack depth-to-width ratio, a0/W, between 0.45 and 0.55, and this does not satisfy a strong demand for wider a0/W range. Meanwhile, ISO15653 covers a wider range of a0/W between 0.10 and 0.70, where J-based CTOD calculation formula has been specified in the annex-E of ISO15653. In this context, the plastic hinge model was investigated for a0/W between 0.05 and 0.70 by using FE analysis, and the analytical deformation of SEB specimens revealed that the plastic hinge model was applicable to the specimens even though their a0/W were out of the frequently used a0/W range from 0.45 and 0.55. Their rotational center points were almost steady when changing the applied load and the work hardening coefficient
Hand eczema
No full textDas Handekzem ist ein sehr häufiges und weit verbreitetes Krankheitsbild. Vermutlich wurde es zum ersten mal im neunzehnten Jahrhundert beschrieben. Die sozioökonomischen Auswirkungen sind enorm, was sich vor allem mit der hohen Inzidenz und Prävalenz des Handekzems in der Bevölkerung begründet. Die unterschiedliche Schwere der Symptome hat auch gewaltige Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität des Patienten.
Das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit ist es, einen umfassenden und kritischen Überblick der gegenwärtigen Literatur und wissenschaftlichen Studien zur Epidemiologie, Pathogenese, Klassifizierung und Behandlung des chronischen Handekzems zu verschaffen.
Zu diesem Zweck wurden elektronische Datenbanken nach wissenschaftlichen Studien und Berichten zum chronischen Handekzem durchsucht.
Diese Suche ergab 16 unterschiedliche Behandlungsmethoden, die in 53 wissenschaftlichen Studien der letzten 40 Jahre erwähnt wurden.
Die sorgfältige Auswertung dieser Studien ergibt, dass nur 8 der 53 Studien die Kriterien für doppelblinde randomisierte klinische Studien erfüllen.
Fünf dieser erwähnten Studien benützen im Halbseitenversuch eine Hand des Patienten zur Intervention, während die andere als Kontrolle genutzt wird. Daher wurden insgesamt nur drei klinische Studien gefunden, die eine überschaubare Methodik zur Randomisierung der Patienten, doppelblinde Patienten und Versuchsleiter und separate Kontrollgruppen aufweisen können.
Dies bedeutet, dass Daten einer Population von nur 1392 Patienten aus drei wissenschaftlichen Studien als Grundlage für die Behandlung dieses weit verbreiteten Krankheitsbildes angewendet werden können.
Ferner werden die Unzulänglichkeiten der Studien diskutiert und Empfehlungen gemacht, um diese in Zukunft zu vermeiden.
Zusätzlich wurden Patientendaten von 107 Patienten mit refraktärem Handekzem, die mit Creme-PUVA-Photochemotherapie in der Lichttherapie-Abteilung in der Hautklinik der Heinrich Heine Universität in Düsseldorf behandelt wurden, gesammelt und ausgewertet. Diese Daten wurden schliesslich als Studie bei einer wissenschaftlichen Fachzeitschrift eingereicht.
Vollständiger oder teilweiser Rückgang des Handekzems wurde bei 78% der behandelten Patienten bemerkt. Die Therapie bewies sich als wirkungsvoller an Patienten mit hyperkeratotisch-rhagadiformem (85%) und dyshidrotischem (81.1%) Handekzem als bei Patienten, die unter dem atopischen (66.67%) oder Kontaktekzem (20%) litten.
Vollständiger oder teilweiser Rückgang des Handekzems wurde bei 83% der männlichen und bei 72.7% der weiblichen Patienten bemerkt. Zwei der Patienten klagten über Hautrötungen als Nebeneffekt der Bestrahlungstherapie.
Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung von Creme-PUVA-Photochemotherapie als wirksame Behandlungsmethode von chronischem Handekzem. Dies gilt insbesondere für das günstige Sicherheitsprofil in Bezug auf kurz- und langfristige Nebenwirkungen.
Abschliessend wird ein Vorschlag für einen Behandlungs-Algorithmus für das chronische Handekzem diskutiert. Hierfür werden die behandelten Studien als Grundlage genutzt.
Die Bedeutung der regelmässigen Anwendung von Emollients und Kortikosteroiden sollte betont werden. Der nächste Schritt in der Behandlung sollte UV Bestrahlungstherapie oder Alitretinoin sein. Cyclosporine bieten sich als weiterer Schritt an, wobei Röntgenbestrahlung nur für behandlungsrefraktäre Fälle angewendet werden sollte
Assisting Bulgarian special educators with competency development online
No full textPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss an expansion of the Special Education Bulgaria (SEB) internet community that is required to pilot software created by the European Union's (EU's) Sixth Framework integrated project, TENCompetence.
Design/methodology/approach – SEB is the product of a two-year research project designed to create a sustainable nation-wide community of practice (CoP) for special education in Bulgaria via the internet. This paper discusses the SEB features consistent with TENCompetence concepts of competency development, lifelong learning, and professional networking. It then describes the additional features needed to prepare a SEB pilot.
Findings – SEB was developed throughout three phases of research, which included a needs assessment, formative evaluation, and effectiveness evaluation. Effectiveness evaluation results indicated that though a CoP has begun to coalesce, it remains unclear to what extent SEB helps special educators do their jobs better. In response to this finding, the implementation and testing of e-portfolios and online courses is proposed. The implementation would employ Moodle for course management, Elgg or Mahara for e-portfolios, and TENCompetence open-source software for defining and organizing competencies.
Research limitations/implications – Research outcomes regarding online communities and lifelong competency development may also apply to the professional development of special educators in neighbouring Balkan countries, especially those new to or soon to enter the EU.
Originality/value – Internet-based competency development and lifelong learning for special educators in Bulgaria, one of the EU's newest member countries, is investigated
A call for more physiology at conservation conferences
No full textScientific conferences are more impactful when they foster novel ideas, create new networks, and promote inter-disciplinary collaboration. The field of conservation physiology is inherently cross-disciplinary, representing the application of physiological techniques and knowledge to address conservation issues. Ideally, knowledge transfer comes from both directions: conservation biologists seek input on physiological techniques that can contribute to the success of their programs, and physiologists collaborate with conservation biologists to plan relevant applications for their work. To assess whether the level of integration between conservation and physiology has been increasing since the formal naming of the discipline of conservation physiology in 2006, we reviewed abstracts from conferences of three societies: Society for Conservation Biology (SCB), Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB), and Society for Experimental Biology (SEB). Specifically, we searched for physiology-related keywords in abstracts from SCB meetings, and for conservation-related keywords in abstracts from SICB and SEB. Our results indicate that the percentage of presentations incorporating physiology at conservation meetings has remained relatively steady (2–3%). In contrast, the percentage of presentations citing conservation applications has been rising at both of the integrative biology societies’ meetings and has reached 4.4 and 7.9% at SICB and SEB, respectively. We provide suggestions for why there may be discrepancies between conference types and ways to encourage the presence of physiological topics at future conservation meetings
Properties of dusty tori in active galactic nuclei - I. The case of SWIRE/SDSS quasars
No full textWe derive the properties of dusty tori in active galactic nuclei from the comparison of observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of SDSS quasars and a precomputed grid of torus models. The observed SEDs comprise SDSS photometry, Two-Micron All-Sky Survey J, H and K data, whenever available, and mid-infrared (mid-IR) data from the Spitzer Wide-area InfraRed Extragalactic Survey. The adopted model is that of Fritz, Franceschini & Hatziminaoglou. The fit is performed by standard chi(2)-minimization; the model, however, can be a multicomponent comprising a stellar and a starburst component, whenever necessary. Models with low equatorial optical depth, tau(9.7), were allowed as well as 'traditional' models with tau(9.7) >= 1.0, corresponding to A(V) >= 22 and the results were compared. Fits using high optical depth tori models only produced dust more compactly distributed than in the configuration where all tau(9.7) models were permitted. Tori with decreasing dust density with the distance from the centre were favoured while there was no clear preference for models with or without angular variation of the dust density. The computed outer radii of the tori are of some tens of parsecs large but can reach, in a few cases, a few hundreds of parsecs. The mass of dust, M-Dust, and IR luminosity, L-IR, integrated in the wavelength range between 1 and 1000 mu m, do not show significant variations with redshift, once the observational biases are taken into account. Objects with 70-mu m detections, representing 25 per cent of the sample, are studied separately and the starburst contribution (whenever present) to the IR luminosity can reach, in the most extreme but very few cases, 80 per cent
Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textDespite the importance of high-latitude surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the rapidly changing Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. Here, we harmonize SEB observations across a network of vegetated and glaciated sites at circumpolar scale (1994–2021). Our variance-partitioning analysis identifies vegetation type as an important predictor for SEB-components during Arctic summer (June-August), compared to other SEB-drivers including climate, latitude and permafrost characteristics. Differences among vegetation types can be of similar magnitude as between vegetation and glacier surfaces and are especially high for summer sensible and latent heat fluxes. The timing of SEB-flux summer-regimes (when daily mean values exceed 0 Wm−2) relative to snow-free and -onset dates varies substantially depending on vegetation type, implying vegetation controls on snow-cover and SEB-flux seasonality. Our results indicate complex shifts in surface energy fluxes with land-cover transitions and a lengthening summer season, and highlight the potential for improving future Earth system models via a refined representation of Arctic vegetation types. © 2022, The Author(s)
Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget
No full textDespite the importance of high-latitude surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the rapidly changing Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. Here, we harmonize SEB observations across a network of vegetated and glaciated sites at circumpolar scale (1994–2021). Our variance-partitioning analysis identifies vegetation type as an important predictor for SEB-components during Arctic summer (June-August), compared to other SEB-drivers including climate, latitude and permafrost characteristics. Differences among vegetation types can be of similar magnitude as between vegetation and glacier surfaces and are especially high for summer sensible and latent heat fluxes. The timing of SEB-flux summer-regimes (when daily mean values exceed 0 Wm−2) relative to snow-free and -onset dates varies substantially depending on vegetation type, implying vegetation controls on snow-cover and SEB-flux seasonality. Our results indicate complex shifts in surface energy fluxes with land-cover transitions and a lengthening summer season, and highlight the potential for improving future Earth system models via a refined representation of Arctic vegetation types. © 2022, The Author(s)
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Extragalactic surveys with SPIRE
No full textThe European Space Agency's far-infrared and sub-mm Herschel Observatory is scheduled for launch in February 2007. A major component of the mission will be "Key Programs", designed to carry out large, coherent scientific investigations of lasting value to the astronomical community, similar to the Spitzer Legacy Programs. In this poster we discuss some of the scientific goals for extra-galactic surveys using the SPIRE (Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver) instrument on Herschel. Such surveys are expected to reveal (a) the far-infrared component of star-formation history in the high-z Universe (b) the discovery and investigation of rare, infrared luminous objects (c) obscured AGNs at high-z and (d) the large-scale structure and environments of star-forming galaxies. In addition, specialized programs for surveying clusters and probing the statistical properties of the far-infrared extra-galactic background are envisioned. We describe examples of possible surveys, detailing the sensitivities that may be reached and areas covered within practical limits of observing time. We provide predictions for such surveys including the expected number of sources of different classes and their redshift distributions. Coordinated observations with PACS, Planck, and ground based facilities are necessary to fully exploit the scientific potential of these surveys
ALT-C 2011 Abstracts
No full textThis is a PDF of the abstracts for all the sessions at the 2011 ALT conference. It is designed to be used alongside the online version of the conference programme. It was made public on 1 September, with a "topped and tailed" made live on 2 September
Creativity In Elementary School: Inhibiting And Facilitating Factors According To School Principals [criatividade No Ensino Fundamental: Fatores Inibidores E Facilitadores Segundo Gestores Educacionais]
No full textThis study investigated the perception of school principals regarding factors that hamper teachers to promote the development of student's creativity and strategies that the school principal could use to support teachers in the promotion of creativity in the classroom. The participants were 118 school principals from public and private schools, who completed a checklist of obstacles to creativity in the classroom and four open questions. The most frequent obstacles pointed out were teachers' lack of knowledge of pedagogical practices to favor the development of students' creativity and teacher's lack of enthusiasm. 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