1,720,959 research outputs found
Social Life in Egypt and the Levant During the Early Reign of Sultan Barquq 784-801 AH / 1382-1399 AD Through the Journeys of the Italian Travelers Frescobaldi and Sigoli
No full textتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تعرف رحلتي الرحالين الإيطاليين فريسكو بالدي (Leonardo Frescobaldi) وسيغولي (Simone Sigoli)، اللذين قدِما إلى مصر وبلاد الشام في سنة 786هـ/ 1384م، وما تضمنته تلكما الرحلتان من معلومات عن الدولة المملوكية آنذاك في جميع مناحيها السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والدينية، وتحاول تعرف مصادرهما في رحلتيهما غير مشاهداتهما التي ضمناها في الرحلتين، كما تحاول إبراز أهم ما جاء في الرحلتين عن الأوضاع الاجتماعية في مصر وبلاد الشام، وقيمة تلك المعلومات التي أورداها عن الأوضاع الاجتماعية، خاصة العادات والتقاليد، والأزياء، والطقوس الدينية، والأعياد، وأوضاع المرأة في المجتمع الإسلامي. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى الأهمية الفائقة للرحلتين في دراسة الأوضاع الاجتماعية لمصر وبلاد الشام في العصر المملوكي، وإلى اعتماد الرحالين على رواة من القناصل والمترجمين والتجار لنقل معلومات مهمة عن الأوضاع الاجتماعية لمصر وبلاد الشام، كما خلصت إلى تركيز الرَّحالين على العادات والتقاليد والأزياء بحيث قدذَما معلومات فريدة حولها لم ترد بهذا التفصيل عند غيرهما من الرحالة الأوروبيين.This article examines the journeys of the Italian travelers Leonardo Frescobaldi and Simone Sigoli who visited Egypt and the Levant in 786 AH / 1384 A.D. The accounts of their trips provide political, economic, social and religious information about the Mamluk state at that time. The study identifies their sources for information that they did not see themselves and highlights the value of the most important observations about social conditions in Egypt and the Levant, traditions, dress, religious rituals and festivals, and the status of women in the Islamic society. The two travel accounts are important for the study of social conditions in the Levant and Egypt in the Mamluk era. The two trailers relied on sources like consuls, translators, and merchants who transmitted unique information about social life, customs, traditions and dress that other European travelers did not report
Scholars’ Visit to Damascus from outside of the Levant (471- 571 AH / 1078-1175 CE): A study of the Causes and Effects through The History of Damascus for Ibn Asaker (d. 571 AH / 1175 CE)
Get PDFتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن العلماء الذين زاروا دمشق، واستقروا بها لفترة من الزمن أو استقروا بها استقراراً كاملاً، والأسباب التي دفعتهم لزيارتها، وما مدى أثرهم في الحياة الثقافية في دمشق أو تأثرهم بالحياة الثقافية الدمشقية، وتحاول الدراسة التعرف إلى المناطق الجغرافية التي قدموا منها، وتخصصاتهم العلمية، ومذاهبهم الفقهية، كما تحاول رصد معارفهم، والعلوم التي نشروها في دمشق، أو العلوم التي أخذوها من علماء دمشق ونشروها في بلادهم. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى قيام قرابة المئة وخمسة من العلماء بزيارة دمشق، وأنهم قدموا إليها من معظم أنحاء العالم الإسلامي آنذاك، وأن أسبابهم لزيارتها تعددت لكن أبرزها كان طلب العلم، وطلب الوظائف، وزيارة القدس، وأن تأثرهم بالثقافة الدمشقية كان كبيراً حيث نقلوا العديد من روايات الشام، وكتب مؤلفيها إلى الأمصار الإسلامية، كما أنهم نقلوا لدمشق الكثير من المعارف والمصنفات.This study aims to reveal i) the scholars who visited Damascus, and settled there for a period of time or settled there completely, ii) the reasons that prompted them to visit it, and iii) the extent of their impact on the cultural life in Damascus or their influence on the Damascene cultural life. The study attempts to identify the geographical areas from which they came, their scientific disciplines, and their jurisprudential doctrines. It also tries to monitor their knowledge, the sciences they spread in Damascus, or the sciences they took from the scholars of Damascus and spread in their country. The study concluded that about one hundred and five scholars visited Damascus, and that they came to it from most parts of the Islamic world at the time, and that their reasons for visiting it were numerous, but the most prominent of which was seeking knowledge, seeking jobs, and visiting Jerusalem, and that their influence on the Damascene culture was great, as they transferred many of the Levant’s narratives and the books of their authors to the Islamic regions. They also transferred to Damascus a lot of knowledge and works
The Saljuq al-Malik Dā’ūd ibn Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad and his role in the struggle for the throne of the Saljuq Sultanate (525-538 AH / 1131-1143 AD)
No full textتحاول هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى شخصية الملك داود بن محمود بن محمد السلجوقي من حيث ولادته ونسبه ونشأته، وثقافته، وولايته لعهد أبيه السلطان محمود بن محمد بن ملكشاه، ثم توليه السلطنة لفترة وجيزة بعد وفاة أبيه، ثم صراعه على العرش مع أعمامه السلطانين طغرل، ومسعود، ومعاركه التي خاضها ضدهم، وأسباب فشله في الوصول للعرش، والظروف التي وقفت في وجهه لتساهم في عدم وصوله للسلطنة.
وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى أن صغر سن داود عند وفاة والده السلطان محمود لعب دوراً رئيسياً في عدم قدرته على الحفاظ على عرش السلطنة الذي تولاه، إضافة إلى دعم عم أبيه السلطان سنجر لأعمامه ضده كان من العوامل الرئيسية في عدم قدرته على الوصول إلى العرش بعد تقدمه في العمر، ووصوله إلى سن الشباب.The Saljuq al-Malik Dā’ūd ibn Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad was the crown prince during the reign of his father, Sultan Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad ibn Malakshah, and was sultan for a short period after the death of his father. This article examines his personality and career in terms of his birth, lineage, upbringing, and culture and his role as crown prince and sultan as he struggled for the throne with his uncles Sultans Tughril and Mas‘ūd. The article investigates the circumstances for his failure to succeed his father during the disputed succession.
The study concludes that Dawud’s young age when his father, Sultan Maḥmūd, died and the support of his father’s uncle Sultan Sanjar for his uncles played major roles in his inability to remain sultan once he came of age
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
‘Abd al-Wahhāb ibn Ja‘far ibn al-Maydānī (Died 418 AH / 1027 AD) And His Book on History
No full textتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى محاولة التعرُّف إلى المؤرِّخ الدمشقي عبد الوهاب بن جعفر الشهير بابن الميداني (ت 418ه/1027م)، وكتابه في تأريخ دمشق، وذلك من خلال تجلية معالم حياته، وبيان أهميّة كتابه، وخصوصًا أنه من المؤرِّخين القلائل الدمشقيين الذين عاصروا بدايات حكم الدولة الفاطمية لبلاد الشام. وتحاول الدراسة تسليط الضَّوء على حياته، وثقافته، ودراسة بقايا كتابه وأسلوبه في تصنيفه، والموارد التي اعتمد عليها في هذا التصنيف، ومنهجه، وأهمية كتابه لتاريخ دمشق، والدراسات الفاطميّة بشكل عام، والنطاق الزمني لكتابه. وخلصت الدراسة إلى تصنيفه كتابًا في تأريخ دمشق، وتمكّنت من حصر بقايا ذلك الكتاب، ووصلت إلى منهج ابن الميداني القائم على التاريخ الحولي القائم على السنين، وحرصه الشديد على إيراد التاريخ الدقيق لحوادثه في اليوم والوقت والشهر والسنة، ومحاولته تعليل حدوث أخباره من تولية وعزل وغيره، كما خلصت إلى أن كتابه أصبح مصدرًا أساسيًّا لكل من جاء بعده.This study examines the Damascene historian ‘Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ja‘far, known as Ibn al-Maydani (d. 418 AH / 1027 AD), and his book on the history of Damascus, by covering his life, and demonstrating the importance of his work as one of the few Damascene historians who were contemporary to the beginnings of the rule of the Fatimid state in the Levant. The study sheds light on his life and culture and studies the surviving portions of his book, his method of organization, the sources he relied on, his methodology, the temporal scope of the book and its importance for the history of Damascus and Fatimid studies in general. The book can be classified as a history of Damascus. Ibn al-Maydani’s methodology was based on accurately presenting the history of each year and its events by day, time, month and year. He organizes his information in terms of accession and removal of the rulers. His book became an essential source for everyone who came after him
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Damascene Historian Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Mualla al-Asadi (Died 286 AH/899 AD) and his Book Akhbar alSufyani
Get PDFThis research aims to shed light on the Damascene historian Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn alMualla al-Asadi (d. 286 AH/ 899 AD), and his book “Akhbar Al-Sufyani”. It aims to define ibn Al-Mualla’s personal life, enumerates his sheikhs and students, explains his sciences and historical writings, and defines in detail his book “Akhbar Al-Sufyani” in terms of its title and subject, ibn Al-Mualla’s resources and methodology in it, what subsequent historians say about him, and its historical importance. The research concludes that ibn Al-Mualla assumed a distinguished scientific position in Damascus. He distinguished himself in the science of history and authored several books, among them is “Akhbar Al-Sufyani,” the most important one. It was about the revolution of Ali bin Abdullah Al-Sufyani in 195 AH /811 AD, which was spread according to the narration of his student Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Ghazwan. The historian ibn Asaker has many of its texts. These texts show the features of ibn Al-Mualla’s approach and its resources in his book, namely, his adoption of the objective method in his composition, his commitment to the chain of transmission, his dependence on contemporary narrators, his keenness on the accurate history of the event, its interpretation, its partial details, determining its geographical location, and its inclusion of letters, speeches and poems
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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