9 research outputs found
Pode e podia: uma proposta semântico-pragmática
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Florianópolis, 2011Este trabalho investiga a semântica de 'pode' e 'podia' no Português Brasileiro (PB) em contextos epistêmicos onde a possibilidade da proposição prejacente é orientada para o futuro (a partir do momento de fala). Com base na proposta de Kratzer (1981, 1991, 2008, 2010) sobre modalidade dependente do contexto, mostraremos que tanto 'pode' quanto 'podia' expressam possibilidade, e suas diferenças se devem à atuação do imperfeito, ausente em 'pode' e presente em 'podia'. Argumentamos que, quando não expressa passado, 'podia' veicula significados não proposicionais captados intuitivamente, como não-factualidade e desejo. A proposta apresentada é que 'pode', onde morfema de imperfeito é ausente, restringe os mundos de avaliação (a base modal, segundo Kratzer) aos mundos mais próximos ao mundo real de acordo com um parâmetro de ordenação. Para usar 'pode' o falante precisa ter evidências que indiquem a factualidade do evento descrito pela prejacente, o que permite expressar uma possibilidade mais objetiva. Já para proferir 'podia' o falante não necessita de evidências que indiquem a factualidade do evento descrito pela prejacente, e então não promove restrição de mundos: o falante considera tanto mundos próximos quanto distantes do mundo real. Dessa falta de evidência, o falante veicula uma possibilidade mais subjetiva, mais característica de uma declaração de opinião do que de uma descrição de mundo. Da falta de evidência do falante ao expressar uma possibilidade, derivam outros significados, como o desejo do falante de que o evento descrito pela prejacente seja fato. Para fundamentar a análise desses significados não proposicionais, recorremos aos trabalhos de Iatridou (2000) sobre contrafactualidade e imperfectividade, Lyons (1977), sobre objetividade e subjetividade, e à proposta mista de Portner (2009), que mescla análise formal com uma visão discursiva inspirada em Stalnaker (1975).This thesis investigates de semantic contribution of 'pode' (third person, present tense of the possibility verb 'poder') and 'podia' (third person, past imperfect tense of the same verb) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), when both are used in epistemic future oriented contexts. Based on Kratzer's (1981, 1991, 2008, 2010) proposals about context dependent modality, I will show that both 'pode' and 'podia' express possibility. The differences between them are due to the imperfect contribution, which is the case in 'podia' but not in 'pode'. I argue that when the imperfect does not express past tense, it conveys intuitively captured non-propositional meanings, like non-factuality, desire, advice and politeness. The proposal presented here is that 'pode' restricts the worlds of evaluation (modal base) to those closer to the actual world according to a parameter of ordination (ordering source). To use a sentence with 'pode' the speaker must have evidences that support the factuality of the event described by the prejacent proposition, which allows her to express a possibility more objectively. On the other hand, to utter 'podia' the speaker does not need to have evidences to support the factuality of the prejacent, and so, does not restrict the modal base worlds. From this lack of evidence the speaker conveys a more subjective possibility, a declaration of opinion rather a description of the world. When the speaker expresses a possibility with lack of evidence to support it, other meanings can be derived, such as the speaker's desire that the event described by the prejacent sentence becomes true. To substantiate the analysis of the non-propositional meanings intuitively captured I turn to Iatridou's (2000) about imperfective and counterfactuality, Lyons's (1977) work about objectivity and subjectivity, and to the Portner (2009), who combines the formal analysis with a discoursive approach based on Stalnaker (1975
Computation of nodal marginal prices in the presence of load and generation cost Uncertainties
No full textArticle number 52072192009 6th International Conference on the European Energy Market, EEM 2009, 27 May 2009 through 29 May 2009 - Code 78380Marginal prices have been recognized as the core approach to the economic evaluation of generation and transmission services in an electricity market environment. In this context, this paper presents the New Fuzzy Optimal Power Flow algorithm as a model to addresses the impact of load and generation cost uncertainties in nodal marginal prices. Since loads and generation costs are represented by fuzzy numbers, nodal marginal prices will no longer be represented by deterministic values, but rather by fuzzy membership functions reflecting the specified uncertainties. The paper also presents the algorithm used for the integration of the transmission losses effect on the results. Since the proposed algorithm uses multiparametric programming techniques, it contributes to characterize in a better way the system behavior. Finally, it includes results based on the IEEE 24 bus/38 branch test system to illustrate the proposed approach.The first author thanks Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, FCT, that funded this research through the PhD grant n.º SFRHlBD/34314/2006
Evidence of thrust faulting and widespread contraction of Ceres
No full textThe surface of the dwarf planet Ceres is considered to be dominated by geological processes typical of small bodies or medium-sized icy bodies, such as impact cratering1,2; there are also features of putative cryovolcanic origin3 as well as those related to flow of near-surface ice4. Extensional features4–6 include regional linear troughs, fractures and pit chains, fractures associated with impact craters and with crater floors, and polygonal craters whose walls seem to be structurally controlled. However, no contractional features, which are related to thrust fault activity more typical of large silicate bodies7–11, have been described. Here we report the presence of scarps, ridges and fractures associated with thrust faults, tectonically raised terrains and thrusted craters—all contractional features. These structures closely resemble thrust-fault-related lobate scarps on Mercury7,8 and Mars9,10, albeit with lower displacement. They seem more abundant in high-latitude ancient terrains, perhaps owing to illumination effects that aid identification. The observed deformation implies that the crustal material is stronger than water ice but weaker than silicate rocks, consistent with our current knowledge of crustal composition12 and rheology13. These features suggest that large-scale contraction, possibly related to differentiation processes, occurred in the history of Ceres. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.Acknowledgements
The work by A.J.-D. was supported by a Juan de la Cierva-Formación postdoctoral
contract (ref. FJCI-2016-28878) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and
Universities. L.M.P. was supported by an FPU grant (2014/04842) from the Spanish
Ministry of Education, and is a Graduate Fellow of the Madrid City Council (Spain)
at the Residencia de Estudiantes, 2018–2019. This work received funding from the
Santander-UCM 2018 project (ref. PR75/18-21613).Peer reviewe
Avaliação do Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Ferro em crianças de seis a 18 meses atendidas em centros de saúde da rede pública de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em NutriçãoIntrodução: A anemia por deficiência de ferro é considerada a carência nutricional mais prevalente no mundo, chegando a atingir mais de 50% das crianças nos dois primeiros anos de vida. No Brasil, com o intuito de prevenir essa doença, o Ministério da Saúde implantou em 2005 o Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Ferro (PNSF), que normatiza que toda criança entre seis e 18 meses de idade receba 5 mL de xarope de sulfato ferroso uma vez por semana (equivalente a um frasco de 60 mL do xarope a cada três meses). Objetivo: Avaliar a cobertura do PNSF em relação às crianças de seis a 18 meses de idade que foram atendidas em 35 centros de saúde da rede pública de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina em 2010, assim como o cumprimento da normativa de utilização da suplementação de ferro entre as crianças cadastradas neste programa e estabelecer a sua relação com fatores sócio-demográficos. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, com dados secundários obtidos do sistema de informações em saúde da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Florianópolis-SC, o INFOSAUDE. A população do estudo foi constituída por todas as crianças cadastradas no PNSF em 2010. Foram obtidas do INFOSAUDE informações sobre o número de crianças cadastradas no programa, número total de crianças cadastradas no sistema (na mesma faixa etária e período de tempo), datas do recebimento de cada frasco do suplemento, data de nascimento e variáveis sócio-demográficas (sexo, cor da pele e escolaridade materna, área geográfica do centro de saúde e distância do domicílio ao centro de saúde). Os dados correspondentes as variáveis dependentes e independentes deste estudo foram digitados em uma planilha do programa Microsoft Office Excel 2007, os quais foram duplamente checados e posteriormente codificados. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o software STATA 11.0. Resultados: De um total de 13.197 crianças entre seis e 18 meses que foram atendidas nos centros de saúde da rede pública de Florianópolis em 2010, apenas 834 foram cadastradas no PNSF (cobertura de 6,3%; IC95% 5,9-6,7). Entre as crianças cobertas por esta estratégia, menos da metade (43,5%; IC95% 40,1-47,0) iniciaram a suplementação dentro da idade recomendada (com até seis meses de idade), enquanto que 27,7% (IC95% 24,7-30,9) começaram com mais de nove meses. Em relação a periodicidade no recebimento da suplementação, apenas 7% (IC95% 5,3-8,9) receberam um frasco de sulfato ferroso a cada três meses, e 82,4% (IC95% 79,6-84,9) receberam o suplemento a cada seis meses ou mais. Considerando as duas normativas, somente em 2,3% (IC95% 1,4-3,5) dos casos houve cumprimento da normativa quanto ao início e periodicidade da suplementação. A falta de cumprimento das duas normativas não esteve associada com o sexo das crianças, com a cor da pele e escolaridade materna, área geográfica de residência e nem com a distância do domicílio ao centro de saúde. Conclusão: A baixa cobertura identificada, assim como o baixo percentual de cumprimento da normativa de utilização da suplementação de ferro indicam fragilidades no processo de identificação e acompanhamento do público alvo, independentemente de características sócio-demográficas.Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is considered the most prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide, reaching more than 50% of children in the first two years of life. In Brazil, in order to prevent this disease, the Ministry of Health created in 2005 the National Program of Iron Supplementation (PNSF), which defined that all children between six and 18 months of age have to receive 5 mL of syrup of iron sulfate once per week (bottle of 60 mL every three months). Objective: To evaluate the coverage of PNSF among children aged six to 18 month, which were attended at 35 public health centers of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina in 2010, as well as to evaluate the compliance of the supplementation according to the normative of the PNSF (age at the onset six months and periodicity) and to investigate its relationship with socio-demographic factors. Methodology: Cross sectional study using secondary data obtained from the health information system of Municipal Health Department of Florianópolis-SC, INFOSAUDE. The study population consisted of all children registered in PNSF in 2010. All the information were obtained from the INFOSAUDE, including the number of children registered in the program, total number of children registered in the system (with the same age and registered in the same period), dates of each received bottle of the supplement, date of birth and socio-demographic variables (gender, skin color/ethnicity and maternal education, geographic area of the health center, and distance from home to the health center). Information on dependent and independent variables in this study were included in a dataset using the Microsoft Excel 2007 program, which was subsequently coded and double checked. STATA 11.0 was used in statistical analysis. Results: A total of 13197 children aged six to 18 months attended at public health centers of Florianópolis in 2010, and only 834 were registered in PNSF (coverage = 6,3%; CI95% 5,9-6,7). Among the children covered by this strategy, less than a half (43.5%; CI95% 40,1-47,0) began supplementation within the recommended age (at six months of age), while 27.7% (CI95% 24,7-30,9) started with more than nine months. Regarding the frequency of receiving supplementation, only 7% (CI95% 5,3-8,9) received a bottle every three months, and 82.4% (IC95% 79,6-84,9) received the supplement every six months or more. Considering the two normative, in only 2.3% (CI95% 1,4-3,5) of the cases there was compliance with the rules of the onset and frequency of supplementation. Failure to comply these two normative was not associated with the sex of the children, skin color, maternal education, geographic area of residence or with the distance from home to the health center. Conclusion: The low coverage identified, as well as the low percentage of compliance with the normative about the use of iron supplementation, indicate weaknesses in the process of identification and monitoring of the target population, regardless of socio-demographic characteristics
Influence of vegetable diets on physiological and immune responses to thermal stress in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)
Get PDFThe substitution of fish resources as ingredients for aquafeeds by those based on vegetable sources is needed to ensure aquaculture sustainability in the future. It is known that Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) accepts high dietary content of plant ingredients without altering growth or flesh quality parameters. However, scarce information is available regarding the long-term impact of vegetable diets (combining the inclusion of both vegetable protein and oils) on the stress response and immunity of this fish species. This study aims to evaluate the concomitant effect of the extended use of vegetable protein-based diets with fish oil (FO) replacement (0, 50 or 100%) by vegetable oils (VO), on the response to acute (10 min) or prolonged (4 days) stress, induced by thermal shock. Plasma levels of cortisol, glucose and lactate as well as hepatic levels of glucose, glycogen and lactate were evaluated as primary and secondary responses to stress, 6 and 18 months after feeding the experimental diets (6 and 18 MAF). The brain monoaminergic activity in telencephalon and hypothalamus, and non-specific immune parameters were also evaluated. As expected, thermal shock induced an increase in values of plasma parameters related to stress, which was more evident in acute than in prolonged stress. Stress also affected lactate levels in the liver and the values of the alternative complement pathway-ACH50 in the plasma. Dietary substitution of FO induced an effect per se on some parameters such as decreased hepatic glucose and glycogen levels and peroxidase activity in plasma as well enhanced serotonergic activity in brain of non-stressed fish. The results obtained in some parameters indicate that there is an interaction between the use of vegetable diets with the physiological response to thermal stress, as is the case of the hepatic lactate, serotonergic neurotransmission in brain, and the activity of ACH50 in plasma. These results suggest that the inclusion of VO in plant protein based diets point to a slightly inhibited stress response, more evident for an acute than a prolonged stress. © 2018 Conde-Sieira et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.This research was partially supported by the Strategic Funding UID/Multi/04423/2013 through national funds provided by FCT–Foundation for Science and Technology and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), in the framework of the programme PT2020" to L.M.P.V, and by research a grant from Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacio´n and European Fund for Regional Development (AGL 2016-74857-C3-1-R and FEDER) to J.L.S. M.C-S. is supported by a postdoctoral grant from Xunta de Galicia (Plan I2C). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. There are no conflicts of interest in connection with the present study
Comunicação na passagem de plantão da equipe de enfermagem em unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais e fatores relacionados à segurança do paciente
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Florianópolis, 2012.Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores relacionados à comunicação durante a passagem de plantão de enfermagem em Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais (UCIs-Neo) que podem interferir na segurança do paciente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva-exploratória, de abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 70 profissionais de enfermagem das Equipes de UCIs-Neo de três hospitais do Sul do Brasil. O estudo compreendeu quatro etapas: elaboração dos formulários (1 e 2) de coleta de dados, entrada no campo, coleta de dados e análise dos dados. Para elaboração dos formulários de coleta de dados foram utilizadas diretrizes para a segurança do paciente da Organização Mundial da Saúde e revisão de literatura. Estes foram enviados à experts na área de segurança do paciente e/ou neonatologia para apreciação. Após isto, os mesmos foram aprimorados. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de abril a maio de 2012. Para tanto, a mesma foi realizada de duas formas: com a entrega de formulário 1 de coleta de dados aos sujeitos e por meio de observação não participante, com auxílio de formulário 2 de observação, notas de campo e gravações. As duas formas de coleta de dados ocorreram concomitantemente. Para análise dos dados foi realizada análise estatística descritiva contendo frequência absoluta, relativa, médias e desvio padrão. Ainda, utilizou-se os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson e T-student,com nível de significância de 5%(pAbstract : This study aimed to evaluate the factors related to communication during the nursing staff shift change in neonatal intensive care units (Neo-ICUs) that could interfere in the patients' safety. This is a descriptive and exploratory research, of quantitative approach. The sample was composed of 70 nurses from teams of Neo-ICUs of three hospitals in southern Brazil. The study comprised four steps: preparation of data collection forms (1 and 2), field entry, data collection and data analysis. For production of the data collection forms, guidelines for patient safety from the World Health Organization and literature works were used. These were sent to experts in the area of patient safety and/or neonatology for consideration. After that, they were enhanced. Data collection was conducted from april through may 2012. It was done in two ways: delivering data collection form 1 to the subjects and through non-participant observation, with the aid of observation form 2, field notes and recordings. Both forms of data collection occurred simultaneously. For data analysis, a descriptive statistical analysis was performed containing absolute and relative frequency, means and standard deviation. Moreover, the Pearson chi-square and T-student tests were used, with a significance level of 5% (p <0,05).This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, under case number 2278/12. From the results, it was possible to identify factors related to the characterization/operationalization of shift changes; the behaviors and attitudes of professionals during shift changes, knowledge/perceptions of professionals on the importance of communication during shift changes and patient safety. Among the factors related to the characterization/operationalization of shift changes, it was found that they are conducted by the nursing staff at the bedside of the patient, information passed on often are: general condition, clinical evolution and procedures made. The nurses and nursing technicians realize the importance of the transfer of information on the "clinical condition of the patient" and the "medications", when both are compared to nursing assistants. Professionals with less training time reported more information on the clinical condition of the patient (p <0,002), medications (p <0,004) and general care/procedures (p <0,001) when compared to those with longer training. There were no standardized tools or technology resources for performing the shift change. As for the behaviors and attitudes of professionals during shift changes, late arrivals and early departures, conducting care and side conversations were identified as factors that interfere in the shift changes. Regarding knowledge and perceptions, it was found that most professionals do not recognize the negative implications of late arrivals and early departures on the shift change, and the nurses have a better perception of this factor when compared to nursing technicians (p <0,001). It was concluded that the professionals realize the importance of the shift change, however, some topics should be reviewed. It should be noted that the changes are not only up to the professionals, but also to health institutions, by understanding that the errors and adverse events occur due to flaws in the health system and, concurrently to this, by creating a strong safety culture in the work environment, training and implementing specific protocols forperforming safer and higher quality care practices
Identification And Agreement Of First Turn Point By Mathematical Analysis Applied To Heart Rate, Carbon Dioxide Output And Electromyography
No full textBackground: The second heart rate (HR) turn point has been extensively studied, however there are few studies determining the first HR turn point. Also, the use of mathematical and statistical models for determining changes in dynamic characteristics of physiological variables during an incremental cardiopulmonary test has been suggested. Objectives: To determine the first turn point by analysis of HR, surface electromyography (sEMG), and carbon dioxide output (VCO2) using two mathematical models and to compare the results to those of the visual method. Method: Ten sedentary middle-aged men (53.9±3.2 years old) were submitted to cardiopulmonary exercise testing on an electromagnetic cycle ergometer until exhaustion. Ventilatory variables, HR, and sEMG of the vastus lateralis were obtained in real time. Three methods were used to determine the first turn point: 1) visual analysis based on loss of parallelism between VCO2 and oxygen uptake (VO2); 2) the linear-linear model, based on fitting the curves to the set of VCO2 data (Lin-LinVCO2); 3) a bi-segmental linear regression of Hinkley's algorithm applied to HR (HMM-HR), VCO2 (HMM-VCO2), and sEMG data (HMM-RMS). Results: There were no differences between workload, HR, and ventilatory variable values at the first ventilatory turn point as determined by the five studied parameters (p>0.05). The Bland-Altman plot showed an even distribution of the visual analysis method with Lin-LinVCO2, HMM-HR, HMM-VCO2, and HMM-RMS. Conclusion: The proposed mathematical models were effective in determining the first turn point since they detected the linear pattern change and the deflection point of VCO2, HR responses, and sEMG.176614622Wasserman, K., Hansen, J.E., Sue, D., Whipp, B.J., Casaburi, R., (1999) Principles of exercise testing and interpretation, , 3rd ed. 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Sensitivity of a tonne-scale NEXT detector for neutrinoless double-beta decay searches
Get PDFThe Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC (NEXT) searches for the neutrinoless double-beta (0¿ßß) decay of 136Xe using high-pressure xenon gas TPCs with electroluminescent amplification. A scaled-up version of this technology with about 1 tonne of enriched xenon could reach in less than 5 years of operation a sensitivity to the half-life of 0¿ßß decay better than 1027 years, improving the current limits by at least one order of magnitude. This prediction is based on a well-understood background model dominated by radiogenic sources. The detector concept presented here represents a first step on a compelling path towards sensitivity to the parameter space defined by the inverted ordering of neutrino masses, and beyond. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2021, The Author(s)
Boosting background suppression in the NEXT experiment through Richardson-Lucy deconvolution
Get PDFNext-generation neutrinoless double beta decay experiments aim for half-life sensitivities of ~ 1027 yr, requiring suppressing backgrounds to < 1 count/tonne/yr. For this, any extra background rejection handle, beyond excellent energy resolution and the use of extremely radiopure materials, is of utmost importance. The NEXT experiment exploits differences in the spatial ionization patterns of double beta decay and single-electron events to discriminate signal from background. While the former display two Bragg peak dense ionization regions at the opposite ends of the track, the latter typically have only one such feature. Thus, comparing the energies at the track extremes provides an additional rejection tool. The unique combination of the topology-based background discrimination and excellent energy resolution (1% FWHM at the Q-value of the decay) is the distinguishing feature of NEXT. Previous studies demonstrated a topological background rejection factor of ~ 5 when reconstructing electron-positron pairs in the 208Tl 1.6 MeV double escape peak (with Compton events as background), recorded in the NEXT-White demonstrator at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, with 72% signal efficiency. This was recently improved through the use of a deep convolutional neural network to yield a background rejection factor of ~ 10 with 65% signal efficiency. Here, we present a new reconstruction method, based on the Richardson-Lucy deconvolution algorithm, which allows reversing the blurring induced by electron diffusion and electroluminescence light production in the NEXT TPC. The new method yields highly refined 3D images of reconstructed events, and, as a result, significantly improves the topological background discrimination. When applied to real-data 1.6 MeV e-e+ pairs, it leads to a background rejection factor of 27 at 57% signal efficiency. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2021, The Author(s)
