19 research outputs found
Charbon bactéridien chez le Canard
No full textGoret Pierre, Collet P., Joubert L., Courouble G. Charbon bactéridien chez le Canard. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 101 n°3, 1948. pp. 113-115
« Notre langue » de Léopold Courouble : résistance à la norme linguistique ou résistance à l’interprétation ?
No full textpeer reviewedNotre langue de Léopold Courouble : résistance à la norme linguistique ou résistance à l’interprétation ?
Résumé
Léopold Courouble (1861-1937), auteur belge bruxellois, a publié en 1900 un bref ouvrage intitulé Notre langue. Celui-ci s’inspire, de façon burlesque et subversive, des nombreux manuels de correction langagière alors publiés spécifiquement pour le public belge francophone (par exemple, Flandricismes, wallonismes et expressions impropres dans la langue française). L’auteur produit, au travers de ce court texte, une œuvre qui semble résister au discours linguistique normatif, mais qui résiste aussi tout en même temps aux interprétations univoques et évidentes. Notre langue se compose de sections hétéroclites : commentaires réflexifs où la voix de l’auteur se perd en contradictions, vante son projet puis en constate les disparates ; listes « pêle-mêle » d’expressions « à ne pas dire », avec en regard une proposition de locution correcte et élégante, mais en réalité tout autant inspirée des locutions du français de Belgique, et tout autant éloignée des formulations puristes. Si l’œuvre de Courouble est aujourd’hui encore – certes rarement – commentée, c’est surtout pour les figures qu’il a créées dans La famille Kaekebroek, romans et récits de mœurs bruxelloises. Toutefois, d’autres de ses textes, tel Notre langue, témoignent de la posture singulière de cet auteur par rapport à la langue française : il garde en effet la trace de ses années d’enfance passées dans de prestigieuses écoles parisiennes, où ses manières de s’exprimer, sa prononciation, amenaient ses condisciples à l’étiqueter comme « belge », puis de son retour à Bruxelles, à l’adolescence, où il fut accusé de « fransquillonner » (c’est-à-dire d’imiter vaniteusement le parler parisien). Marqué par ce double jugement contradictoire, Courouble construit, dans Notre langue, une démarche qui s’apparente aux principes ambivalents de la résistance, telle que conceptualisée par la philosophe Françoise Proust : une attitude empreinte de duplicité et de dérèglement, qui rejette la contrainte externe tout en l’intégrant.Notre langue by Léopold Courouble: resistance to linguistic norms or resistance to all interpretation?
Abstract
In 1900, Léopold Courouble (1861-1937), Belgian author from Brussels, published a short work entitled Notre langue. The author was inspired, in a burlesque and subversive way, by the numerous manuals of linguistic correction published at these times for the French-speaking Belgian public (for example, Flandricismes, wallonismes et expressions impropres dans la langue française). He wrote a work that seems to resist to the normative linguistic discourse, but which also resists at the same time to obvious interpretations. Notre langue contains heterogeneous sections: reflexive comments where the author’s voice gets lost in contradictions, praises his project and then notes its disparity; “jumbled” lists of expressions “not to be said”, with a proposal for correct and elegant locution, but in reality just as much inspired by Belgian French locutions, and just as far from purist formulations. If Courouble’s work is still commented on today - albeit rarely - it is mainly for the characters he created in La famille Kaekebroek, novels and stories of Brussels manners. However, other of his texts, such as Notre langue, testify to his singular posture in relation to the French language: he keeps indeed the trace of his childhood years spent in prestigious Parisian schools, where his pronunciation and speaking led his fellow students to label him as “Belgian”, then by his return to Brussels, in adolescence, where he was accused of “fransquillonner” (i. e. to imitate, by snobbery, the ways of speaking of Parisian people). Marked by this double contradictory judgment, Courouble elaborates in Notre langue an approach that resembles to the ambivalent principles of resistance, as conceptualized by the philosopher Françoise Proust: an attitude made of duplicity and disruption, which rejects the external constraint while integrating it
Typologie de l’activité des établissements français de Soins de suite et de réadaptation à partir des données 2016 du Programme de médicalisation des systèmes d’information
No full textDepth-resolved impact of integration process on porosity and solvent diffusion in a SiOCH low-k material
No full textInternational audienceThe impact of plasma etching and chemical wet cleaning on solvent diffusion in porous network of a SiOCH low-k dielectric material is studied. Characterization of porosity and pore size distribution by means of ellipso-porosimetry and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy are presented. The results are compared with solvent diffusion kinetics, measured using probe molecules of different polarity, surface energies and molecular sizes. Infrared spectroscopy, Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements are also performed to investigate material modifications causing variations of diffusion kinetics
Occupational risk factors have to be considered in the definition of high-risk lung cancer populations
No full textHydrogen passivation of silicium/silicium oxide interface by atomic layer deposited Hafnium Oxide and impact of silicon oxide underlayer
No full textInternational audienceHfO2 synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be used as a passivation material for photodetectors. This paper shows a significant reduction of density of interface traps at the Si/SiO2 interface using ALD HfO2. This is explained by a chemical passivation effect due to presence of hydrogen from water used in the ALD process. Furthermore, ALD HfO2 layers appear negatively charged which generate an additional field effect passivation. The impact of the SiO2 underlayer is also discussed by comparing a chemical silicon oxide to a standard thermal silicon oxide. It is shown that chemical silicon oxide can act as a reservoir of hydrogen atoms which helps to reduce the density of defects close to the Si/SiO2 interface. This result demonstrates the importance of the surface preparation before the ALD of HfO2 in the passivation scheme. Finally, this work shows the correlation between negatively charged defects and Si–O–Hf bonds at the SiO2/HfO2 interface. A passivation stack composed of chemical oxide permits to reach both a low density of interface traps (∼1.0 × ) and a negative charge density (∼−1.0 × ). This stack provides both chemical and field effect passivation of the silicon surface
Novel GALNT3 mutations causing hyperostosis-hyperphosphatemia syndrome result in low intact fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations.
No full textInternational audienceCONTEXT: Hyperostosis-hyperphosphatemia syndrome (HHS) is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by hyperphosphatemia and localized hyperostosis. HHS is caused by mutations in GALNT3, which encodes UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3. Familial tumoral calcinosis (TC), characterized by ectopic calcifications and hyperphosphatemia, is caused by mutations in the GALNT3 or fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) genes. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to identify mutations in FGF23 or GALNT3 and determine serum FGF23 levels in an HHS patient. DESIGN: Mutation detection in FGF23 and GALNT3 was performed by DNA sequencing, and serum FGF23 concentrations were measured by ELISA. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A 5-year-old French boy with HHS and his family members participated. RESULTS: The patient presented with painful cortical lesions in his leg. Radiographs of the affected bone showed diaphyseal hyperostosis. The lesional tissue comprised trabeculae of immature, woven bone surrounded by fibrous tissue. Biochemistry revealed elevated phosphate, tubular maximum rate for phosphate reabsorption per deciliter of glomerular filtrate, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. The patient was a compound heterozygote for two novel GALNT3 mutations. His parents and brother were heterozygous for one of the mutations and had no biochemical abnormalities. Intact FGF23 level in the patient was low normal, whereas C-terminal FGF23 was elevated, a pattern similar to TC. CONCLUSION: The presence of GALNT3 mutations and elevated C-terminal, but low intact serum FGF23, levels in HHS resemble those seen in TC, suggesting that HHS and TC are different manifestations of the same disorder. The absence of biochemical abnormalities in the heterozygous individuals suggests that one normal allele is sufficient for secretion of intact FGF23
Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2012: I. Neurology and neurointensive care, epidemiology and nephrology, biomarkers and inflammation, nutrition, experimentals
No full textNon
A Clinical Algorithm to Diagnose Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients
No full textRationale: The clinical relevance of Aspergillus-positive endotracheal aspirates in critically ill patients is difficult to assess. Objectives: We externally validate a clinical algorithm to discriminate Aspergillus colonization from putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in this patient group. Methods: We performed a multicenter (n = 30) observational study including critically ill patients with one or more Aspergillus-positive endotracheal aspirate cultures (n = 524). The diagnostic accuracy of this algorithm was evaluated using 115 patients with histopathologic data, considered the gold standard. Subsequently, the diagnostic workout of the algorithm was compared on the total cohort (n=524), with the categorization based on the diagnostic criteria of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group. Measurements and Main Results: Among 115 histopathology-controlled patients, 79 had proven aspergillosis. The algorithm judged 86 of 115 cases to haveputative aspergillosis. This diagnosis was confirmed in 72 and rejected in 14 patients. The algorithm judged 29 patients to have Aspergillus colonization. This was confirmed in 22 and rejected in 7 patients. The algorithm had a specificity of 61% and a sensitivity of 92%. The positive and negative predictive values were 61 and 92%, respectively. In the total cohort (n = 524), 79 patients had proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (15.1%). According to the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group criteria, 32 patients had probable aspergillosis (6.1%) and 413 patients were not classifiable (78.8%). The algorithm judged 199 patients to have putative aspergillosis (38.0%) and 246 to have Aspergillus colonization (46.9%). Conclusions: The algorithm demonstrated favorable operating characteristics to discriminate Aspergillus respiratory tract colonization from invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients. Copyright © 2012 by the American Thoracic Society
Strongyloides stercoralis : global distribution and risk factors
No full textThe soil-transmitted threadworm, Strongyloides stercoralis, is one of the most neglected among the so-called neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). We reviewed studies of the last 20 years on S. stercoralis's global prevalence in general populations and risk groups.; A literature search was performed in PubMed for articles published between January 1989 and October 2011. Articles presenting information on infection prevalence were included. A Bayesian meta-analysis was carried out to obtain country-specific prevalence estimates and to compare disease odds ratios in different risk groups taking into account the sensitivities of the diagnostic methods applied. A total of 354 studies from 78 countries were included for the prevalence calculations, 194 (62.4%) were community-based studies, 121 (34.2%) were hospital-based studies and 39 (11.0%) were studies on refugees and immigrants. World maps with country data are provided. In numerous African, Asian and South-American resource-poor countries, information on S. stercoralis is lacking. The meta-analysis showed an association between HIV-infection/alcoholism and S. stercoralis infection (OR: 2.17 BCI: 1.18-4.01; OR: 6.69; BCI: 1.47-33.8), respectively.; Our findings show high infection prevalence rates in the general population in selected countries and geographical regions. S. stercoralis infection is prominent in several risk groups. Adequate information on the prevalence is still lacking from many countries. However, current information underscore that S. stercoralis must not be neglected. Further assessments in socio-economic and ecological settings are needed and integration into global helminth control is warranted
