12 research outputs found
Wehmut ums Westend : Jugenderinnerungen eines alten Frankfurters /
No full textMemoir by Hans Salfield, written in 1976, including information on his mother's upbringing and her family: feminist and social activities of his eccentric grandmother; nostalgic reminiscences on his childhood and youth in a well-to-do Jewish family in the Frankfurt Westend; nannies and tutors in French and piano; growing up in an assimilated Jewish society; interesting observations on social conventions, cultural norms and gender relations; outstanding personalities of the Frankfurt Westend; description of family members; early interest in medicine; encounter with Albert Schweitzer; recollections of World War I and the aftermath of the revolution; humanistic high school education (Gymnasium); excursions in the mountains (Sonnwendfeier); memories of his first romantic involvements; medical studies in Bonn, Koeln and Freiburg; student life and encounters with male and female colleagues; research on the Salfeld family heritage reaching back to the 18th and 19th century; reflecting on the ambivalence highly assimilated Jewish conservatives faced in the course of political changes in Germany; bewilderment and shock due to the circumstances and consequences of the Nazi take-over in 1933; difficulties finishing his studies with Jewish professors disappearing and Jewish students expelled from the university; graduation without permission to practice his profession; friends and family members leaving the country; emigration to the United States in 1934; difficult start as a physician in New York; disappearance of the Westend world of his childhood days.The physician Hans Salfield was born 1910 in an upper class Jewish family in Frankfurt am Main. His father was a lawyer; his grandfather, Oberrabbiner of Mainz, was a highly-respected historian and scholar of Jewish studies. Hans Salfield immigrated to the United States in 1934. He was a member of the World Medical Association and the American Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The author has published several articles and books regarding the problems of modern scientific civilization.Synopsis in fileBonnCologneFreiburgAmerican Academy of Pharmaceutical SciencesWorld Medical AssociationAssimilationChildhoodCourtshipEducation, primary and secondary; 1871-1918Education, primary and secondary; 1918-1933Germany--History--1871-1918Germany--History--1918-1933Germany--History--1933-1945Imperial GermanyRevolution; 1918-1919Weimar German
Avaliação das características físico-químicas e sensoriais de tomates (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) armazenados em refrigeradores domésticos
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos.O equilíbrio alimentar aparece cada vez mais valorizado pela conscientização da importância da alimentação e da manutenção da saúde. É a busca pela qualidade dos alimentos que reflete, além do seu valor nutricional, as preocupações com processos de produção e conservação dos mesmos. Estudos realizados constatam que no Brasil os níveis médios de perdas pós-colheita para hortaliças são de 35%, enquanto em países desenvolvidos não passam de 10%. Frente aos altos índices de perdas pós-colheita e a falta de informações da indústria de refrigeração doméstica sobre produtos in natura, realizou-se ensaios de refrigeração com tomates longa vida e de durabilidade normal. Através dos cultivares Ágora (longa vida) e Débora foi possível determinar parâmetros de qualidade para o acompanhamento da vida de prateleira mediante análises físico-químicas de pH, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, perda de peso, açúcares redutores e firmeza da polpa. As condições ambientais foram impostas por sistemas de refrigeração doméstica All Refrigerator (AR), Direct Cool (DC) e Frost Free (FF), e os resultados coletados semanalmente, expressos pela média obtida a partir das repetições. O tratamento AR proporcionou a temperatura e a umidade relativa (12,68oC e 51,53%) mais próximas das condições consideradas ideais para conservação de tomates, ficando a umidade relativa, em média, 50% abaixo do valor ideal. Os resultados das análises físico-químicos dos tomates Ágora mostraram diferença significativa de pH e perda de peso durante os 21 dias de armazenamento. Nenhum dos outros parâmetros estudados apresentou mudança significativa, a um nível de 5%, para os diferentes tratamentos. Para a variedade Débora, observou-se diferenças para o oBrix e marginalmente significativas para o pH entre os tratamentos. O tempo de armazenamento de 14 dias afetou (p<0,05) todas as propriedades estudadas, com exceção da acidez titulável. Os atributos mais importantes que indicam a qualidade do tomate, cor e firmeza, estão relacionados com o amadurecimento e vida-útil. A firmeza indica maturidade, frescor, injúria e podridão interna. A cor do fruto tem um forte efeito na percepção do consumidor pela qualidade e é um índice aceitável de maturidade de muitas frutas, como é o caso do tomate. O presente trabalho propôs, também, o uso de métodos alternativos e de baixo custo, para medidas instrumentais de firmeza e cor de tomates da variedade Débora, armazenados em diferentes refrigeradores, bem como análises sensoriais pela técnica de Perfil Livre. Os resultados instrumentais da firmeza da polpa mostraram uma redução significativa ao longo do tempo de armazenamento, mas não tiveram o mesmo comportamento para os diferentes tratamentos. As medidas instrumentais de cor foram feitas através de um sistema de captura de imagem digital e posteriormente convertidas em valores de CIELab. Todas as coordenadas estudadas mostraram variações significativas para o tempo de armazenamento e sistemas de refrigeração. Apenas o parâmetro tonalidade de cor não reduziu significativamente aos diferentes sistemas. Os valores da diferença global ( E*) e índice de cor (IC) aumentaram significativamente para os tempos de estocagem. Enquanto o IC aumentou significativamente para os diferentes sistemas de refrigeração, o E* teve este comportamento apenas no tratamento AR. A análise sensorial de Perfil Livre, avaliada pela Análise Procrustes Generalizada - GPA, foi explicada com 66% de variabilidade entre as amostras para as duas primeiras dimensões. Assim como nas medidas instrumentais, o tempo de armazenamento influiu nos atributos estudados, e somente para o atributo intensidade da cor observou-se diferença no sistema AR. Mesmo na ausência de um padrão para comparação, os resultados mostraram, no caso da intensidade da cor, uma perfeita comparabilidade entre os resultados instrumentais e sensoriais
Understanding socio-economic inequalities in childhood respiratory health
No full textAsthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Recent evidence has shown a socio-economic gradient in its distribution. This paper examines whether a number of factors argued to have led to a rise in the incidence of asthma might also explain the social gradient. Several of these have been the object of policy intervention, though not necessarily with the aim of lowering childhood respiratory conditions. Using a large cohort study (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) we find significant inequalities in three respiratory conditions in middle childhood. We investigate eight potential mediating factors: exposure to other children in infancy, child's diet, poor housing conditions, maternal smoking, parental history of asthma, poor child health at birth, maternal age at child's birth and local deprivation. We find that each of these alone typically explains a relatively modest part of each respiratory inequality, with child's diet, local deprivation and maternal smoking generally the most important. But taken together, the mediating factors account for a substantial part of the respiratory inequalities. So the socio-economic gradient appears to operate through a number of inter-correlated pathways, some of which may be amenable to policy intervention.Asthma, wheeze, socio-economic inequalities, mediating
Study protocol: can a school gardening intervention improve children’s diets?
No full textAbstract Background The current academic literature suggests there is a potential for using gardening as a tool to improve children’s fruit and vegetable intake. This study is two parallel randomised controlled trials (RCT) devised to evaluate the school gardening programme of the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Campaign for School Gardening, to determine if it has an effect on children’s fruit and vegetable intake. Method/Design Trial One will consist of 26 schools; these schools will be randomised into two groups, one to receive the intensive intervention as “Partner Schools” and the other to receive the less intensive intervention as “Associate Schools”. Trial Two will consist of 32 schools; these schools will be randomised into either the less intensive intervention “Associate Schools” or a comparison group with delayed intervention. Baseline data collection will be collected using a 24-hour food diary (CADET) to collect data on dietary intake and a questionnaire exploring children’s knowledge and attitudes towards fruit and vegetables. A process measures questionnaire will be used to assess each school’s gardening activities. Discussion The results from these trials will provide information on the impact of the RHS Campaign for School Gardening on children’s fruit and vegetable intake. The evaluation will provide valuable information for designing future research in primary school children’s diets and school based interventions. Trial registration ISRCTN11396528</p
Control de calidad aplicado a las materias primas e insumos que ingresan a cicolsa S.A.
No full textCICOLSA es destacado principalmente por sus productos Country Hill (Jugo de Naranja) y refrescos, como también son las pulpas, concentrados y otros.
Es una compañía que esta en la búsqueda de métodos de mejora, estableciendo objetivos de calidad y aplicaciones de todo tipo de medidas y cambios para poder alcanzar y obtener excelentes resultados en un proceso de aseguramiento de calidad.Introducción
1. Objetivos 3
2. Concepto Acerca De Cicolsa 4
3. Conceptos Generales 5
4. Caracteristicas De Jugos Y Pulpas 7PregradoQuímic
Recommendations For Long-term Home Oxygen Therapy In Children And Adolescents
No full textObjective: To advise pediatricians, neonatologists, pulmonologists, pediatric pulmonologists, and other professionals in the area on the main indications and characteristics of long-term home oxygen therapy in children and adolescents. Data source: A literature search was carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed database (1990 to 2011). Additionally, references from selected studies were included. As consistent scientific evidence does not exist for many aspects, some of the recommendations were based on clinical experience. Data synthesis: Long-term home oxygen therapy has been a growing practice in pediatric patients and is indicated in bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans, interstitial lung diseases, and pulmonary hypertension, among others. The benefits are: decrease in hospitalizations, optimization of physical growth and neurological development, improvement of exercise tolerance and quality of sleep, and prevention of pulmonary hypertension/cor pulmonale. The levels of oxygen saturation indicative for oxygen therapy differ from those established for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and vary according to age and disease. Pulse oximetry is used to evaluate oxygen saturation; arterial blood gas is unnecessary. There are three available sources of oxygen: gas cylinders, liquid oxygen, and oxygen concentrators. The flows used are usually smaller, as are the number of hours/day needed when compared to the use in adults. Some diseases show improvement and oxygen therapy discontinuation is possible. Conclusions: Long-term home oxygen therapy is increasingly common in pediatrics and has many indications. There are relevant particularities when compared to its use in adults, regarding indications, directions for use, and monitoring. Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.891617Doherty, D.E., Petty, T.L., Bailey, W., Carlin, B., Cassaburi, R., Christopher, K., Recommendations of the 6th long-term oxygen therapy consensus conference (2006) Respir Care., 51, pp. 519-525Mocelin, H.T., Fischer, G.B., Ranzi, L.C., Rosa, R.D., Philomena, M.R., Home oxygen therapy in children: Seven years experience (2001) J Pneumol, 27, pp. 148-152Primhak, R.A., Hicks, B., Shaw, N.J., Donaldson, G.C., Balfour-Lynn, I.M., Use of home oxygen for children in England and Wales (2011) Arch Dis Child, 96, pp. 389-392Munhoz, A.S., Adde, F.V., Nakaie, C.M., Doria Filho, U., Silva Filho, L.V., Rodrigues, J.C., Long-term home oxygen therapy in children and adolescents: Analysis of clinical use and costs of a home care program (2011) J Pediatr (Rio J), 87, pp. 13-18Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: A clinical trial (1980) Ann Intern Med, 93, pp. 391-398. , Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial GroupReport of the medical research council working party (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 681-686. , Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic corpulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysemaGuyatt, G.H., McKim, D.A., Austin, P., Bryan, R., Norgren, J., Weaver, B., Appropriateness of domiciliary oxygen delivery (2000) Chest, 118, pp. 1303-1308Kotecha, S., Allen, J., Oxygen therapy for infants with chronic lung disease (2002) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 87, pp. F11-F14Simonds, A.K., Home ventilation (2003) Eur Respir J Suppl, 47, pp. 38s-46sBalfour-Lynn, I.M., Primhak, R.A., Shaw, B.N., Home oxygen for children: Who, how and when? (2005) Thorax, (60), pp. 76-81MacLean, J.E., Fitzgerald, D.A., A rational approach to home oxygen use in infants and children (2006) Paediatr Respir Rev, 7, pp. 215-222Fitzgerald, D.A., Massie, R.J., Nixon, G.M., Jaffe, A., Wilson, A., Infants with chronic neonatal lung disease: Recommendations for the use of home oxygen therapy (2008) Med J Aust, 189, pp. 578-582. , Thoracic Society of Australia and New ZealandBalfour-Lynn, I.M., Field, D.J., Gringras, P., Hicks, B., Jardine, E., Jones, R.C., BTS guidelines for home oxygen in children (2009) Thorax, 64, pp. ii1-26Balfour-Lynn, I.M., Domiciliary oxygen for children (2009) Pediatr Clin North Am, 56, pp. 275-296Harrison, G., Shaw, B., Prescribing home oxygen (2007) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 92, pp. F241-F243Viegas, C.A., Adde, F.V., Paschoal, I.A., Godoy, I., MacHado, M.C., I consenso brasileiro de oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada/SBPT (2000) J Pneumol, 26, pp. 341-350Tin, W., Gupta, S., Optimum oxygen therapy in preterm babies (2007) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 92, pp. F143-F147McMorrow, R.C., Mythen, M.G., Pulse oximetry (2006) Curr Opin Crit Care, 12, pp. 269-271Sinex, J.E., Pulse oximetry: Principles and limitations (1999) Am J Emerg Med, 17, pp. 59-67Barker, S.J., Badal, J.J., The measurement of dyshemoglobins and total hemoglobin by pulse oximetry (2008) Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, 21, pp. 805-810Hunt, C.E., Corwin, M.J., Lister, G., Weese-Mayer, D.E., Neuman, M.R., Tinsley, L., Longitudinal assessment of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in healthy infants during the first 6 months of age (1999) J Pediatr, 135, pp. 580-586. , Collaborative Home Infant Monitoring Evaluation (CHIME) Study GroupHunt, C.E., Corwin, M.J., Weese-Mayer, D.E., Ward, S.L., Ramanathan, R., Lister, G., Longitudinal assessment of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in preterm and term infants in the first six months of life (2011) J Pediatr, 159, pp. 377-383Masters, I.B., Goes, A.M., Healy, L., O'Neil, M., Stephens, D., Harris, M.A., Age-related changes in oxygen saturation over the first year of life: A longitudinal study (1994) J Paediatr Child Health, 30, pp. 423-428Stebbens, V.A., Poets, C.F., Alexander, J.R., Arrowsmith, W.A., Southall, D.P., Oxygen saturation and breathing patterns in infancy. 1: Full term infants in the second month of life (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 569-573Poets, C.F., Stebbens, V.A., Alexander, J.R., Arrowsmith, W.A., Salfield, S.A., Southall, D.P., Oxygen saturation and breathing patterns in infancy. 2: Preterm infants at discharge from special care (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 574-578Richard, D., Poets, C.F., Neale, S., Stebbens, V.A., Alexander, J.R., Southall, D.P., Arterial oxygen saturation in preterm neonates without respiratory failure (1993) J Pediatr, 123, pp. 963-968Poets, C.F., Stebbens, V.A., Lang, J.A., O'Brien, L.M., Boon, A.W., Southall, D.P., Arterial oxygen saturation in healthy term neonates (1996) Eur J Pediatr, 155, pp. 219-223Meyts, I., Reempts, P.V., Boeck, K.D., Monitoring of haemoglobin oxygen saturation in healthy infants using a new generation pulse oximeter which takes motion artifacts into account (2002) Eur J Pediatr, 161, pp. 653-655Ng, A., Subhedar, N., Primhak, R.A., Shaw, N.J., Arterial oxygen saturation profiles in healthy preterm infants (1998) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 79, pp. F64-F66Poets, C.F., Stebbens, V.A., Samuels, M.P., Southall, D.P., Oxygen saturation and breathing patterns in children (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 686-690Urschitz, M.S., Wolff, J., Von Einem, V., Urschitz-Duprat, P.M., Schlaud, M., Poets, C.F., Reference values for nocturnal home pulse oximetry during sleep in primary school children (2003) Chest., 123, pp. 96-101Jobe, A.H., The new bronchopulmonary dysplasia (2011) Curr Opin Pediatr, 23, pp. 167-172Chess, P.R., D'Angio, C.T., Pryhuber, G.S., Maniscalco, W.M., Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (2006) Semin Perinatol, 30, pp. 171-178Coalson, J.J., Pathology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (2006) Semin Perinatol, 30, pp. 179-184Monte, L.F., Silva Filho, L.V., Miyoshi, M.H., Rozov, T., Displasia broncopulmonar (2005) J Pediatr (Rio J), 81, pp. 99-110Bancalari, E., Claure, N., Definitions and diagnostic criteria for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (2006) Semin Perinatol, 30, pp. 164-170Ellsbury, D.L., Acarregui, M.J., McGuinness, G.A., Eastman, D.L., Klein, J.M., Controversy surrounding the use of home oxygen for premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (2004) J Perinatol, 24, pp. 36-40I: Primary outcomes (2000) Pediatrics, 105, pp. 295-310. , Supplemental Therapeutic Oxygen for Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity (STOP-ROP), a randomized, controlled trialAskie, L.M., Henderson-Smart, D.J., Irwig, L., Simpson, J.M., Oxygensaturation targets and outcomes in extremely preterm infants (2003) N Engl J Med, 349, pp. 959-967Higgins, R.D., Bancalari, E., Willinger, M., Raju, T.N., Executive summary of the workshop on oxygen in neonatal therapies: Controversies and opportunities for research (2007) Pediatrics, 119, pp. 790-796Groothuis, J.R., Rosenberg, A.A., Home oxygen promotes weight gain in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1987) Am J Dis Child, 141, pp. 992-995Garcia, E.A., Mezzacappa, M.A., Pessoto, M.A., Home oxygen therapy program for infants after neonatal unit discharge: Report of a ten-year experience (2010) Rev Paul Pediatr, 28, pp. 276-282Moon, N.M., Mohay, H.A., Gray, P.H., Developmental patterns from 1 to 4 years of extremely preterm infants who required home oxygen therapy (2007) Early Hum Dev, 83, pp. 209-216Greenough, A., Alexander, J., Burgess, S., Bytham, J., Chetcuti, P.A., Hagan, J., Preschool healthcare utilization related to home oxygen status (2006) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 91, pp. F337-F341Bhandari, A., Panitch, H.B., Pulmonary outcomes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (2006) Semin Perinatol, 30, pp. 219-226Zinman, R., Corey, M., Coates, A.L., Canny, G.J., Connolly, J., Levison, H., Nocturnal home oxygen in the treatment of hypoxemic cystic fibrosis patients (1989) J Pediatr, 114, pp. 368-377Urquhart, D.S., Montgomery, H., Jaffé, A., Assessment of hypoxia in children with cystic fibrosis (2005) Arch Dis Child, 90, pp. 1138-1143Douglass, H., Potter, H., Jarad, N., Current practice in prescription, assessment and use of oxygen therapy in cystic fibrosis: A national UK survey (2008) J Cystic Fibrosis, 7, pp. S77Elphick, H.E., Mallory, G., Oxygen therapy for cystic fibrosis (2009) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (1), pp. CD003884Frangolias, D.D., Wilcox, P.G., Predictability of oxygen desaturation during sleep in patients with cystic fibrosis: Clinical, spirometric, and exercise parameters (2001) Chest, 119, pp. 434-441De Castro-Silva, C., De Bruin, V.M., Cavalcante, A.G., Bittencourt, L.R., De Bruin, P.F., Nocturnal hypoxia and sleep disturbances in cystic fibrosis (2009) Pediatr Pulmonol, 44, pp. 1143-1150Milross, M.A., Piper, A.J., Norman, M., Willson, G.N., Grunstein, R.R., Sullivan, C.E., 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An important factor in the low oxygen affinity of blood in sickle cell anemia (1973) J Clin Invest, 52, pp. 422-432Moreira, G.A., Respiratory repercussions of sickle cell anemia (2007) J Bras Pneumol, 33, pp. 18-20Ortiz, F.O., Aldrich, T.K., Nagel, R.L., Benjamin, L.J., Accuracy of pulse oximetry in sickle cell disease (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159, pp. 447-451Blaisdell, C.J., Goodman, S., Clark, K., Casella, J.F., Loughlin, G.M., Pulse oximetry is a poor predictor of hypoxemia in stable children with sickle cell disease (2000) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 154, pp. 900-903Pianosi, P., Charge, T.D., Esseltine, D.W., Coates, A.L., Pulse oximetry in sickle cell disease (1993) Arch Dis Child, 68, pp. 735-738Uong, E.C., Boyd, J.H., Debaun, M.R., Daytime pulse oximeter measurements do not predict incidence of pain and acute chest syndrome episodes in sickle cell anemia (2006) J Pediatr, 149, pp. 707-709Hargrave, D.R., Wade, A., Evans, J.P., Hewes, D.K., Kirkham, F.J., Nocturnal oxygen saturation and painful sickle cell crises in children (2003) Blood, 101, pp. 846-848Kirkham, F.J., Hewes, D.K., Prengler, M., Wade, A., Lane, R., Evans, J.P., Nocturnal hypoxaemia and central-nervous-system events in sickle-cell disease (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 1656-1659Milross, M.A., Piper, A.J., Dobbin, C.J., Bye, P.T., Grunstein, R.R., Sleep disordered breathing in cystic fibrosis (2004) Sleep Med Rev, 8, pp. 295-308Fauroux, B., Burgel, P.R., Boelle, P.Y., Cracowski, C., Murris-Espin, M., Nove-Josserand, R., Practice of noninvasive ventilation for cystic fibrosis: A nationwide survey in France (2008) Respir Care, 53, pp. 1482-148
Language and social structure : A case study of the tourism industry in Kenya
No full textIn this study I investigate the question who speaks which
language to whom and for what purpose on the basis of a conceptualization of society which differs from previous sociolinguistic research. Whilst the language surveys of Eastern Africa have provided a range of data most specifically in the educational sector but also in the dmains factory, church, neighbourhood, I focus on work. Whilst inquiry in this sphere suffers from similar constraints to inquiry in other domains, i. e. that findings here may not be generalizable, the contextualization of the various work locales which I offer in the form of an analysis of the tourist industry suggests ways of integrating individual speech choices with wider
social forces in society. On the basis of criticisms of language planning literature I additionally propose consideration of the sociology of development to provide tools for the analysis of society in sociolinguistics.
In discussing educational policies of the colonial and postcolonial governments I assess opportunities presented and which groups benefitted. I comment on the early proliferation of vernacular presses and later restriction and prohibition, suggesting that debates on language policy in Kenya have contingently been restricted to considering only English and Swahili. Debates on language in goverment demonstrate and exemplify the changing status of both
English and Swahili.
I present results of interviews conducted amongst tourism
workers in Kenya, focusing on recruitment policies, changing
educational and professional standards and language problems. I finally analyse transcripts from tapes collected in a variety of tourism locales in Kenya. In applying conversational analysis, yet proceeding from an assumption of asymmetry in sociolinguistic interaction, I propose that it is possible to incorporate notions of power differentials into conversations and talk, particularly
where the contexts have been analysed
