547 research outputs found
"آدمی" از عرفان جاوید: تجزیاتی مطالعہ: “Aadmi” by Irfan Javed : Analytical Study
No full textMan and mannerism is study focus of those literary critics who have given respect and value to humanity as social being and master piece of creation on the earth by God Almighty. Author under discussion Irfan javed has effective interaction with high caliber literary personalities and explored their attributes through insight regarding intellectualism and literary contribution.Sketch writing in literature is like sculpture making type art where brush and hammer are used to develop a pen picture, same has been performed by the author of “Naya Aadmi, Purana Aadmi” First sketch by the author is museum of aesthetics and blend of old and new which inspire the reader up to the ending of sketch. The author of this article has highlighted critically how interaction is source of learning for the generation of readers. Author's viewpoint and critical thinking skills have opened new ways to study sketch writing
Intoxication and self-defence : a comparative study of principles of English law and Shari'ah
No full textThe study is based upon an analysis of the general principles of criminal liability in English law and Shari 'ah. It is hoped that it may provide a valid basis for discussion of the future development of criminal law.
The relationship between law and society is an organic one and this relationship in Shari'ah is based on revelatory text of precepts, law, and admonitions. Shari'ah is an
essential part of faith of every Muslim; a sound knowledge of its principles not only gives him a sense of inner fulfilment but enables him to order his life according to the dictates of his religion. On the other hand, in English law, religious beliefs and private morality might be viewed as not a matter for law. Religion is in that context generally conceived as a spiritual sphere of supra-human connotation distinct from law, which is basically a secular concern.
Both the systems of law under consideration are different in their sources and nature. English law, being a positive law, finds its source in legislation and other recognised
sources. Shari 'ah is a divine ordinance imposed upon people without having a freedom of choice and it has its roots in its primary sources, the Holy Qur'an, and the Sunnah.
However, the revelatory nature of Shari'ah does not render it entirely inflexible and immutable. The finality of authoritative legal texts is confined only to a limited number of injunctions in the primary sources. The secondary sources provide flexibility to meet the changing requirements of society. A legal system should strike a fair balance between flexibility and inflexibility of legal rules. A very flexible system of law may lead to inconsistencies, illogicalities and at the same time may be subject to abuse by judges while a rigid system, which leaves no room for judicial discretion is likely to
lead to injustice in certain cases. It is submitted that the very flexible nature of English law has left it full of inconsistencies and illogicalities, despite the appropriate use of judicial discretion.
The research offers a general view of modern thinking about the theoretical foundations and methodology of Shari'ah Shari 'ah recognises a variety of sources and methods from which a rule of law might be derived. Part-I of the thesis discusses the evolving principles of Islamic jurisprudence from their rudimentary sources. The specific relationship between socio-religious reality and the production of theoretical legal discourse is illustrated in Part-11 and III while dealing with the problem of intoxication
and private defence in society. It suggests that Shari'ah provides a framework in which the complex and sometimes competing needs of an individual and society can be fairly
apportioned.
The research will demonstrate that there is a well developed system of criminal law in Shari'ah that can be compared with the most developed and civilised criminal law of the contemporary world, for example, English criminal law. In order to compare the compatibility of both the legal systems, the approaches of both towards the problems of intoxication and self-defence have been taken as a parameter. Though Shari 'ah provisions seem to be predominantly prescriptive as compared to English criminal law, the comparison will show that it can provide practical solutions to problems faced by human society of any age. Shari 'ah being a revealed law is proactive in its nature. It takes action to cause changes and not only react to a change when it happens. This particular feature can be felt while dealing with the problem of intoxication. English
criminal law, on the other hand, being a positive law bears the characteristics of a reactive law. It reacts to events or changes rather than acting first to cause change or
prevent something. Another major difference between the two legal systems might be that English criminal law has passed through many evolutionary phases and reached at the present stage through the efforts of the political power and the state; whereas, Muslim states and governments throughout the centuries neither had a hand in the development of Islamic jurisprudence nor in the training and certification of jurists or jurisconsults whose task it was to formulate the law.
History suggests that using the combined forces of religion, morality and law Shari'ah has effectively eradicated social evils and created a peaceful environment for human coexistence, where every one can enjoy his rights without a fear of infringement by the others. In cases of infringement of such rights, the offender shall be liable to severe punishments. The principles of criminal liability are on a par with the corresponding principles of the English criminal law. While protecting the rights of the victim of the crime, Shari'ah does not ignore the rights of the offender for fair trail, impartial justice and liability for punishment proportional to the offence committed by him. At the same time it recognises excuse and justification defences under appropriate circumstances, as
it will be evident while comparing the defences of intoxication and self-defence with the same in English criminal law.
The study reveals that there are similarities and differences between English law and Shari'ah when considering the issue of crime and criminal liability. However, this may be considered as normal phenomenon of comparing any two different legal systems. The differences can be attributed to their sources, origin, history and nature of the social values to be protected. Similarities can be ascribed to zeal for social justice and stability.
The study of differences and similarities will provide an opportunity to illuminate our understanding of law and the process of its development. As both the systems have their
own methodology to tackle legal issues, a different approach to the similar problem will provide a fresh insight leading to revitalised solutions. It will also be helpful to understand the methodology and the legal reasoning of both the systems leading towards a better understanding of law in general and at the same time providing efficient means for improvement
Beginning of a new chapter: global impact of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's reforms for Turkish feminism
No full textAnkara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2023.Includes bibliographical references (pages 21-24).This work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST209) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.2012'den beri kadınların marjinalleştirilmesine engel olmak amacıyla ortaya çıkan dördüncü feminizm dalgasının yükselişiyle birlikte, daha önceki farklı ülkelerdeki feminizm dalgalarının kökenlerine ve nedenlerine ilişkin sorular daha önemli hale geldi. Türkiye, sahip olduğu güçlü dini bağları ve politik etkenleri sebebiyle, modern feminizmin hedefleri doğrultusunda Avrupa’daki muadillerinden geri kalmış izlenimi uyandırabilir. Halbuki Türk feminizmi bu düşüncenin tam aksine dünya çapında feminizmin ilk dalgalarında önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu makalede Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucusu Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün 1920’li ve 1930’lu yıllarda gerçekleştirdiği reformların, Türkiye’deki feminist örgütlenmeye sunduğu katkıları ve bu reformların Avrupa’daki feminist örgütlenmelerini nasıl etkilediği analiz edilmektedir. Türk kadının ve Türkiye dışındaki feminist çevrelere idol olan Türk Kadınlar Birliği dahil o dönemde Türkiye'de faal olan feminist organizasyonlarının yükselişi de Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün politik ve ideolojik desteğiyle nasıl ortaya çıkarıldığı vurgusuyla da ayrıca incelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün siyasi ve ideolojik tutumunun Türkiye'deki feminist örgütlenmelerini nasıl hızlandırdığı da göz önünde bulundurulacaktır. Uluslararası ve yerel kamuoyunun ışığında, Türk feminist örgütlenmelerinin çabaları popüler medyada da incelenmiştir. Ayrıca yerel medyada ve akademik çevrelerde yer alan Atatürk'e yönelik yorumların analizi de yapılıp, Türk feminizminin başlangıcından, dördüncü dalga feminizmine kadar karşılaştığı sıkıntıların sebepleri araştırılacaktır.With the fourth wave of feminism on the rise, culminating in the efforts to reduce the marginalization of women since 2012, questions of the origins and causations of earlier waves of feminism in different countries have become more relevant. Close religious ties and strong political influences should imply that Turkey has fallen behind compared to its European counterparts in advancing the interests of modern feminism. In contradiction, early waves of feminism paint a different story where Turkish feminism produced global impacts. This paper analyzes how the reforms made by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk during the 1920s and 1930s helped advance feminist organizations within Turkey while also influencing feminist circles throughout Europe. The emergence of Turkish women and the feminist organizations working in Turkey at the time, including the Turkish Women’s Union (TWU), as ideals for feminist circles outside Turkey is also discussed with an emphasis on how the efforts were catalyzed by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk’s political and ideological support. The efforts of Turkish feminist organizations will be analyzed in light of the international and local acclaim of Turkish feminist organizations in popular media. In addition, the analysis of the criticism done by the local media and other members of academia on Ataturk will also be analyzed to help research the reasons behind subsequent fallbacks that Turkish feminism has faced up until the current fourth wave of feminism.by Kaan Gazn
Iran, arms control, and foreign policy
No full textIran is currently regarded as a "rogue" nation due to its overt ideological hostility towards the United States and Israel, and the perceived threat it poses to regional stability in the Middle East by pursuing ambitious conventional rearmament and weapons of mass destruction programs. This thesis explores Iran's foreign and security policies through the prism of its involvement in a host of arms control initiatives. The thesis classifies Iran's behavior as either radical, conservative, or pragmatic. This effort attempts to strike a balance between assessing the sincerity of Iran's arms control positions and broader approaches to reintegrating itself into the global order, and the serious evidence that, despite these commitments, Iran is continuing to advance its strategic objectives through weapons acquisitons. The thesis concludes that Iran's foreign and security policies will most likely reflect the conservative approach, which straddles the line between adherence to and violation of those commitments.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 36-01, page: 7900.Thesis (M.A.)--American University, 1997
Vernacular Imperialism, Vedic Nationalism: Listening for Disparate Accents in the Linguistic Survey of India Colonialism and Knowledge in Grierson?s Linguistic Survey of India. By Javed Majeed. London: Routledge, 2018.266 pages. ISBN 9781138320086.?115 (hbk).:Listening for Disparate Accents in the Linguistic Survey of India
No full textThis is a review essay focussed on two books by Javed Majeed, 'Colonialism and Knowledge in Grierson's Linguistic Survey of India' and 'Nation and Region in Grierson's Linguistic Survey of India' (Routledge, 2019).© 2019, The Author. The attached document (embargoed until 16/04/2021) is an author produced version of a paper published in INTERVENTIONS: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POSTCOLONIAL STUDIES uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self- archiving policy. The final published version (version of record) is available online at the link. Some minor differences between this version and the final published version may remain. We suggest you refer to the final published version should you wish to cite from it
Trade, development and globalization
No full text© 2014 S. Javed Maswood. In part two, the author explores the possibility that economic globalization may finally deliver to developing countries what they had failed to achieve in five decades of multilateral negotiations - an opportunity to climb the industrialization ladder and achieve development. The book offers a proposal for revising the format of trade negotiations in a way that helps overcome stalemates and deadlocks.This book provides a longitudinal study of developing country involvement in multilateral trade negotiations.The trade regime established at the end of the Second World War did not cater for, and in some cases excluded, the developmental interests of the newly independent countries. This book offers a detailed analysis of:• The first attempts to revise the trade regime in the 1960s through the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and the formation of the Group of 77 to enhance their bargaining potential.• The mixed coalition strategy, with the Cairns Group in the Uruguay Round of GATT.• The new bargaining coalition, the Group of Twenty, that took on a much more confrontational and assertive bargaining position in the unsuccessful Doha round of the World Trade Organization.Trade, Development and Globalization will be of interest to students and scholars of international trade, trade and development, negotiation, global governance, political economy, international relations and economics.https://fount.aucegypt.edu/faculty_books/1050/thumbnail.jp
Supporting Spreadsheet Maintenance with Dependency Notification
No full textSpreadsheets in the industry are used by multiple employees in organizations, and they remain in use for several years. Maintenance of existing spreadsheets is thus common. One of the issues in maintaining spreadsheets is the fact that formulas create cell dependencies, and these dependencies are invisible to users. To address this, dependence tracing techniques have been developed, both commercially and in research. However, these techniques are effort consuming, and are designed as separate activities that force the users to leave the context of editing spreadsheets. As such, these techniques are not suitably supportive for usual spreadsheet maintenance tasks. In this extended abstract, we present our work in progress on a novel approach for notifying users of cell dependencies, integrated into the context of editing spreadsheets. We present a preliminary evaluation of the approach in the form of an exploratory user-study with seven employees of a financial modeling company. Results show that the approach has the potential to support industrial spreadsheet users in the context of spreadsheet maintenance, as indicated by the responses of six out of seven participants.Software EngineeringSoftware Technolog
Influence of Engineered Roughness on the Flow Instabilities in a Centrifugal Compressor
No full textCentrifugal compressors form an integral part of automotive turbochargers. Strict emission regulations and increased engine downsizing in the automotive industry are pushing the turbocharger centrifugal compressors to provide the charged air at very lower mass flow rates. However, at low mass flow rates, the operation and application of centrifugal compressors for a given turbocharger is limited by the fluid dynamic instabilities. These flow instabilities cause the compressor to enter the state of stall and/or surge. Stall defines the lower limit of stable operating range for the compression system. The suppression of this flow instability is a key research focus of turbomachinery aerodynamics. In this thesis, an attempt has been made to reduce the compressor instability and subsequently increase the surge margin by the application of engineered roughness on different compressor parts. The analysis has been split into two parts. Firstly, CFD analysis have been carried out on several test cases to validate the reliability of the commercial solver. The comparison of the CFD results with the available reference data shows a reasonable agreement in terms of prediction of laminar to turbulent transition location and influence of wall roughness on transition onset location. Secondly, a detailed CFD analysis of the centrifugal compressor has been made in two phases. In the first phase, the overall compressor performance has been simulated from stall to choke over a specific turbocharger rotational speed. In the second phase, a parametric roughness study has been carried out by considering the effects of predefined wall roughness and localized roughness strips on the unstable flow in the compressor at low mass flow rates. For the wall roughness evaluation, the roughness has been applied on the impeller blades, impeller shroud, diffuser and inlet shroud. On the other hand, for the localized roughness strips, roughness have been defined at specific locations at the main blade suction side and the diffuser shroud. The analysis reveals a reduction in flow instability in the compressor domain. The steady state simulations show a significant improvement in the flow structure of the diffuser in terms of the reduction in flow reversal. Furthermore, an improvement in the impeller is observed by reduction in the low momentum wake region.Process and Energy TechnologyMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Comparative Critical Discourse Analysis of Quranic Translations: A Study of Maulana Maududi and Javed Ghamidi's Interpretation of the Verse 256 of Surah Al-Baqarah
No full textThis paper employs comparative discourse analysis to examine Maulana Maududi and Javed Ghamidi's interpretations of a part of the verse in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:256) in the Quran. Applying Fairclough's theory as the foundation, comparative CDA sheds light on linguistic variations, discourse structures, and ideological foundations for in depth exploration of the debate. The analysis encompasses textual, discursive, and social dimensions to uncover differences in lexical choices and rhetorical devices used by each author and reveals differing perspectives within the language construction of both translations influenced by historical, cultural, and intellectual factors. Specifically, it contrasts Maududi's assertive political language with Ghamidi's more rational and adaptable writing style. The power structures and ideological influences in society reflect Maududi's emphasis on an Islamic state compared to Ghamidi's contextual, rational Islam. Translations impact societal dynamics by reinforcing specific interpretations, such as Maududi's clarity on doctrine or Ghamidi's promotion of individual autonomy. This research expands our understanding of diverse viewpoints within the Islamic discourse on religious freedom and coercion in the translation of the verse
Dr Ishrat Husain calls for empowerment of local govts
No full textThis news piece is about the launch and subsequent panel discussion on ‘Unravelling Gordian Knots: The Works and Worlds of Dr. Ishrat Husain’ held at the Institute of Business Management (IoBM) attended by IoBM President Talib Karim, Javed jabbar, Dr. Mehtab Karim, the author Sibtain Naqvi and Dr. Ishrat Husain himself
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