1,721,523 research outputs found
Presentasi Pelatihan Riset Operasional Penyakit Tropis - Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang (Desain Studi Observasional)
Full text linkPerlukah menghitung ukuran sampel?
Full text linkSample size is an issue worth-considering but not the most essential thing to fulfil for a good research. A much more crucial cause of concern to any research is the validity of inference a research is drawing, i.e. the extent to which the research is able to control systematic error that stems from bias and confounding. Sample size refers to random error; it does not address nor correct systematic error. The larger sample size, the less random error, the more precise estimates a research can yield about difference/ association/ effect of a variable(s). Most of the assignment of values in any sample size formula is arbitrary. As such, the product of estimating sample size, regardless of the formula being used, cannot be viewed as an absolute end; the actual sample size can be larger or smaller than the estimated one. Beyond statistical aspect, several other important factors should be considered when estimating sample size, such as ethics, cost, and the amount oftime available for conducting the research
CONTRACTING OUT PELAYANAN KESEHATAN: SEBUAH ALTERNATIF SOLUSI KETERBATASAN KAPASITAS SEKTOR PUBLIK
Full text linkContracting out is the practice of public sector or private firms of
employing and financing an outside agent to perform some
specific task rather than managing it themselves. The rationale
for contracting is that public providers lack the incentive to use
resources efficiently, and that private (or autonomous) providers
are more efficient than public providers. Contracting out clearly
separates the roles of purchaser and provider, and tightly links
payment to performance of the provider. According to classical
economic theory, contracting stimulates competition among
providers in managed markets, induces cost awareness among
providers and purchasers, and enhances transparency in
negotiations. Providers are forced to minimize production cost
and adjust the prices to meet the demand and requirements of
purchasers. All these factors contribute to efficiency. In addition,
contracting would promote decentralization managerial
responsibility, a shift that would translate in efficiency gains in
contrast to the old highly-centralized, bureaucratic structure,
considered insensitive of the cost implications of allocative
decisions. As is the case with any model, contracting out approach
is not a panacea to all health problems. But in light of the limited
absorptive capacity of the public sector, it is an alternative strategy
worth considering for increasing the coverage and the quality of
services in developing countries such as Indonesia. Monitoring
and evaluation is an indispensible instrument for contracting out
to exhibit its relative advantages.
Keywords: contracting, health services, public, private, managed marke
Meta-Analisis dan Sistematik Review
No full textMeta-analisis adalah desain studi epidemiologi yang bertujuan mengkaji secara sistematis hasil estimasi dari sejumlah studi tentang masalah penelitian yang sama dan melakukan sintesis bukti secara kuantitatif.Materi ini disampaikan dalam acara Workshop "Meta-Analisis & Sistematik Review" yang diselenggarakan oleh Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta pada tanggal 02 November 2020
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
IMPLIKASI EKONOMIS PEMBIAYAAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN MELALUI JPKM: PROBLEM MORAL HAZARD ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF HEALTH SERVICE FINANCING THROUGH JPKM: ITS MORAL HAZARDS
No full textTERSEDIA DALAM FIL
Desain dan ukuran Sampel Untuk Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif di Bidang Kesehatan
No full textxiii, 158 hal; 21 c
INTERVENSI PEMERINTAH DALAM EKONOMI CAMPURAN: PENYEOIAAN PUBLIC GOODS DAN PENGATURAN PRIVATE GOODS DI SEKTOR KESEHATAN
Full text linkThe best way to run the economy is usually to let people produce and
consume goods without restrictions or government intervention. This interaction of
supply and demand in the market leads to an equilibrium at the point where marginal
benefits equal marginal costs. The power of market prices arising from this perfect
competition organizes production and consumption in a way that maximizes welfare,
so-called as Pareto-optimality. Yet, conditions are not always "perfect". There are things
that only government can do. This paper discusses the presence of public goods in
the health sector as an example where market fails to perform efficiently.
Subject and methods: This policy paper reviews micro-economic theories that
address public goods and private goods in the health sector. Empirical evidence is
presented to support (or to refute) the theories.
Results: A pure public good is a good or service, such as information that warns the
hazard of tobacco use, but the consumption of which by one person does not reduce
its availability to others in society, It is not possible to charge for a public good because
no one can be excluded from using them. and no one wants to charge for because it
does not cost anything to accommodate additional users. As such the public good
must be subsidized or provided by government if it is to be produced efficiently. The
government production of a public good also is advantageous because government
can assess taxes to pay for it.
Conclusions: This paper has discussed the policy issues concerning the provision
of public goods and regulation of private goods by the government. Firstly, the definitions
of public good and private good were explained, by citing relevant examples in the
health sector. The efficient level of provision of a public good, market failure due to
public goods, the rationale for government intervention. and privatization of public
goods. were then discussed along the remaining of the paper.
Keywords: perfect competition, public good, private good, government intervention,
health sector
- …
