1,721,376 research outputs found
Modelling water quality dynamics with remote sensing images: Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia, the largest freshwater lake in South East Asia
No full textEutrophication is one of the problems the world needs to tackle to achieve one of the targets of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 6: to improve water quality by 2030. Albeit a global problem that has been studied for many years, there is a huge gap in the reporting of eutrophication incidences and associated research work between the Global South and Global North countries. However, the available evidence suggests that nutrient loads and hence eutrophication may be increasing in the Global South. Nevertheless, assessing these trends with confidence can be challenging, especially in the Global South, because long-term (i.e. multidecadal) water quality monitoring data, which is important for the formulation of science-based environmental policy, is very scarce. The utilisation of freely accessible satellite images to monitor long-term (i.e. multi-decadal) trends in water quality indicators is a potential solution to this challenge, as has already been used by the Great Lakes in North America and UNESCO. This thesis aims to explore the potential of employing satellite-based methods to evaluate water quality trends in large water bodies in the Global South, using the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia, as a case study. The work focuses on retrieving spatial and multi-decadal (1990-2019) temporal trends of two water quality parameters: (i) Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) and (ii) chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration of the Tonle Sap Lake using satellite-based techniques. Tonle Sap Lake is the largest freshwater lake in South East Asia, whose hydrology is an integral part of the Mekong River, an international river that flows through 6 countries. The lake experiences an unusual flow reversal from and to the Mekong River every six months, supporting a wide range of valuable ecosystem functions. Specifically, the Tonle Sap Lake and its flow reversal play an important role in the economic, ecological, and socio-cultural life of Cambodia and, indeed, the broader South East Asia region. With the Mekong Basin undergoing rapid development and with the threat posed by ongoing climate change, there is a real concern that alterations of the Tonle Sap’s flow regime, changes in annual water level, open water area, and suspended solid delivery from the Mekong River may adversely impact these critical ecosystem services. However, little is known about the current and recent historical eutrophication status of Tonle Sap Lake, and water quality monitoring efforts are woefully inadequate. For this study, a field campaign undertaken in February 2019 collected new ground-based measurements of TSS concentrations, chl-a concentrations, and surface reflectances of land covers/water surfaces, which have allowed regression relationships to be developed that link the surface reflectances from Landsat OLI imagery to these critical water quality parameters. These regression relationships were then used to estimate trends in TSS and chl-a during the period 1990-2020 at each of five locations across the lake, these locations representing discrete environments within the lake that may be affected by drivers of change in different ways. The satellite-based retrievals of TSS and chl-a concentrations were analysed, together with water level data from a gauging station located at Kampong Luong on the shores of the lake, to develop data-driven conceptual models of the response of TSS and chl-a to seasonal and inter-annual variations in the lake hydrology during the study period. These models highlight that TSS concentrations vary in opposite phase with the seasonal water cycle, with maximum values of TSS concentration induced by wind-generated waves resuspending fine-grained sediments from the bed of the lake during the dry season. In contrast, seasonal and inter-annual variations in chl-a have a more complex response, being influenced not only by water levels but likely also by the nutrients associated with suspended sediments. Thus the lowest values of chl-a concentration typically occur during the low water period, while the highest chl-a concentrations occur during the period of high water as the lake begins to flow out towards the Mekong River (October to December).The data-driven conceptual models also highlight variability in the TSS and chl-a concentrations driven by inter-annual variability in the magnitude of the Tonle Sap Lake’s annual flood. Overall, the new conceptual models based on the satellite retrievals cast new light on the seasonal and inter-annual variations in TSS and chl-a, and their inter-relationship, during the last 30 years. An important conclusion of the research presented herein is that, contrary to some studies that have speculated on the risks of deteriorating water quality, the Tonle Sap Lake is in a mesotrophic condition, with little evidence of any statistically significant long-term (i.e. multidecadal) trend in chl-a concentrations
Sejarah Mekkah al-Mukarramah
No full textBuku ini menjelaskan tentang Mekkah al-Mukarramah dari berbagai segi, dan memuat peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah penting yang berdampak langsung terhadap berdirinya, kesucian dan kedudukannya dalam agama. Selain itu, buku ini mengkhususkan tentang ka'bah al-Musyarrafah dan masjidil Haram dengan seluruh perkembangannya
AKTIVITAS DAKWAH IRMA (IKATAN REMAJA MASJID) PARIPURNA AL-MUKARRAMAH PEKANBARU
Get PDFABSTRAK
NANANG SYAPUTRA A (2022) : AKTIVITAS DAKWAH IRMA (IKATAN REMAJA MASJID) PARIPURNA AL-MUKARRAMAH PEKANBARU
IRMA (Ikatan Remaja Masjid) adalah sebuah organisasi pemuda yang beranggotakan para remaja yang melaksanakan aktivitas dakwah, kegiatan sosial dan ibadah di lingkungan masjid. Organisasi ini memiliki kontribusi yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat sekitar diantaranya ikut serta dalam kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh pengurus Masjid. Dimana penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui aktivitas dakwah yang dilaksanakan organisasi IRMA (Ikatan Remaja Masjid). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan berlandaskan pada filsafat postpositivisme, digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi obyek yang alamiah. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja masjid paripurna Al-Mukarramah. Sedangkan objek penelitian ini adalah aktivitas dakwah remaja masjid Al-Mukarramah. Penelitian ini dilakukan sejak surat izin penelitian dikeluarkan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data dengan reduction, data display, conclusion drawing/verification. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data yang dapat diketahui bahwa aktivitas dakwah IRMA (Ikatan Remaja Masjid) Paripurna Al-Mukarramah Adalah aktivitas dakwah mingguan seperti yasinan dan pengajian dasar Al-Qur’an, aktivitas dakwah bulanan yaitu partisipasi memakmurkan masjid, melakukan pembinaan kepada remaja, kegiatan sosial dan kajian dakwah oleh ustad selanjutnya aktivitas dakwah tahunan yaitu peringatan hari besar islam dan peringatan kemerdekaan.
Kata Kunci : Aktivitas Dakwah, Ikatan Remaja Masjid, Komunitas Dakwa
Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Pan-Islamic Thought of Jamaluddin Al-Afghani
Get PDFThis article discusses the importance of Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the pan-Islamic and reformist thought of Jamaluddin al-Afghani. Afghani framed his ideas within the framework of his calls for universal Islamic unity, brotherhood and cooperation, which - as a result – are examined at the beginning of the article. The article then assesses Afghani’s advocacy that the status of Makkah Al-Mukarramah as the Muslim spiritual qiblah or direction be enriched and expanded into the realms of social relations and intellectual awakening as well, thus also becoming a Muslim emotional, social and intellectual qiblah. As a modus operandi, Afghani put forward the idea of establishing an international network of Muslim scholars, activists and even ordinary people, with Makkah Al-Mukarramah functioning as a nerve centre and its annual hajj season an opportunity for regular conferences. Afghani also suggested that mosques and schools throughout Islamdom be turned into centres of teaching, propagating and facilitating Islamic unity, and that Makkah Al-Mukarramah function as the unifying factor and guidance. Afghani juggled his qualified support for the Ottoman Caliphate with his reformist ideas, some of which went down well neither with the upper political echelons nor some religious leaders in Istanbul. Hence, in order to properly contextualize the pan-Islamic thought of Afghani the article likewise explores the impact of the triad axis of the Ottomans, the caliphate notion and the city of Makkah Al-Mukarramah. The article’s research methodology centres on descriptive as well as analytical qualitative modes, infused with a degree of interdisciplinary leaning
PERAN MASJID AL-MUKARRAMAH DESA BANGKAL KECAMATAN HALONG KABUPATEN BALANGAN DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MASYARAKATNYA
Get PDFMajunya teknologi dan perubahan zaman saat ini tentunya
mempengaruhi keberagamaan masyarakat. Masjid sebagai tempat ibadah salat
diyakini memiliki peran lebih dalam pembinaan keberagamaan masyarakat
sekitarnya. Begitu pula masjid dari peninggalan ulama ternama yang
menyebarkan agama Islam pertama kali di Kabupaten Balangan. Namun hal
tersebut jarang menjadi sorotan oleh masyarakat sekitarnya maupun
masyarakat luas pada umumnya, yang menganggap peran masjid hanya sebagai
tempat ibadah semata. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
menjawab permasalahan tersebut.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field Research) yang
bersifat deskriptif. Subjek pemelitian ini adalah pengurus masjid dan Pembina
kegiatan keagamaan masyarakat berjumlah 5 orang beserta beberapa
masyarakat di sekitar Masjid Al-Mukarramah Desa Bangkal Kecamatan
Halong Kabupaten Balangan. Objek penelitian ini adalah peran Masjid Al-Mukarramah Desa Bangkal Kecamatan Halong Kabupaten Balangan dalam
Pendidikan Islam masyarakatnya. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan
dalam penelitian meliputi teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data
yang telah terkumpul kemudian diolah dan dianalisis dengan reduksi, penyajian
dan penarikan kesimpulan serta keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi
sumber dan triangulasi teknik.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Masjid Al-Mukarramah Desa Bangkal Kecamatan Halong Kabupaten Balangan berperan
penting dalam Pendidikan Islam masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat sekitar
masjid di Desa Bangkal. Sebagai lembaga Pendidikan Islam, Masjid Al-Mukarramah menjadi tempat ibadah, sebagai tempat dakwah dan juga sossl
kemasyarakatan. Tentunya dalam penyelenggaraannya terdapat faktor
penghambat dan pendukung dari Pendidikan Islam masyarakatnya
The Implementing of Gamification in EFL Classroom at MA Baytul Mukarramah Bone (Critical Analysis on Student Academic Achievement)
No full textThis research examines the impact of implementing gamification in learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at MA Baytul Mukarramah Bone. This research aims to answer the main research question regarding the effect of using wordwall gamification on student learning achievement. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods through observation and interviews. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively with stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification and conclusions. Data was obtained through observations of English teachers and interviews with students X MA Baytul Mukarramah Bone students. The research results showed that the application of wordwall.net gamification to class X MA Baytul Mukarramah Bone students was proven to be able to improve their learning achievement. This is evidenced by an increase in average exam scores and active participation of students in learning. This finding is also strengthened by the positive responses of students who show high interest in using wordwall gamification in English learning. This research provides evidence that wordwall gamification can be an effective learning strategy to improve EFL students' learning achievement at MA Baytul Mukarramah Bone. It is hoped that these findings can contribute to the development of English learning practices that are more interesting and meaningful for students
Determination of the Qibla Direction of the Al-Mukarramah Mosque in Gampong Punge Jurong, Meuraxa District, Banda Aceh City
Get PDFOne of the conditions for a valid prayer is facing the Qibla, Imam Syafi'i believes that people who can see the Ka'bah must face the 'Ainul Ka'bah as well as people who are far or outside Mecca must face 'Ainul Ka'bah based on their ijtihad with instructions from the sun, stars, mountains, moon, and others that can be used as a Qibla direction. Many mosques in the city of Banda Aceh do not face the Kaaba, this is based on using Google Earth, from several mosques that are off the beaten path, the Al-Mukarramah Mosque has such a large deviance that it faces the African continent. The research question for this thesis is how to determine the Qibla direction at Al-Mukarramah Mosque, Gampong Punge Jurong, Meuraxa District, Banda Aceh City and how accurate the Qibla direction at Al-Mukarramah Mosque, Gampong Punge Jurong, Meuraxa District, Banda Aceh City. In this study the authors used a qualitative approach research method, a type of Field Research (field research), and used a qualitative descriptive analysis method. describe and analyze the method of determining the Qibla direction of the Al-Mukarramah Mosque then verify the results of Qibla accuracy. The results of this study concluded that first, the method of determining the Qibla direction of the Al-Mukarramah Mosque in Gampong Punge Jurong, Meuraxa District, Banda Aceh City was carried out in two ways: 1) Rashdul Qibla, when the Al-Mukarrmah Mosque was about to be built in 1999 by the Imam of Gampong Punge Jurong during the that, 2) Kompas, carried out in 2018 this happened when the Aceh MPU fatwa No. 3 of 2018 concerning the determination of the Qibla direction. Second, test the accuracy of the Qibla direction of the Al-Mukarramah Mosque by using the Mizwala Qibla Finder, Rubu' Mujayyab, Protractor, and Google Earth that the Qibla direction of the mosque does not face the Ka’bah so it has a slope with the position of the mosque building by 15° to the north and results via visual google earth The building of the Al-Mukarramah mosque faces the African continent
Modeling of IDF curves for stormwater design in Makkah Al Mukarramah region, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
No full textReducing the negative impacts of flooding in Makkah AL Mukarramah region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is of utmost importance. In the last decade, there are huge mega infrastructure projects in KSA in general and in Makkah AL Mukarramah region in particular. These projects require adequate stormwater drainage systems. Since, the availability of rainfall and runoff data are scarce, engineers and hydrologists rely on models developed in temperature regions that are not hydrologically similar from temperate regions. This leads to inaccurate designs of stormwater facilities. Therefore, deveoping in situ Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves is a must in this arid region. This paper aims at modeling IDF curves for Makkah Al-Mukarramah region. Maximum annual daily rainfall series of 80 storms (with sub-hourly and hourly data) from four stations are investigated through six different probability distributions. Consequently, rainfall depth-duration-frequency models and curves are derived. Results revealed that the Gumbel Type I is the optimal one. Thus, it is used to deduce the IDF curves and relations for each station and for the region as a whole. The R2 value for fitting power-lawfunction (i = a Db) to the data is very high for the IDF parameters. The R2 for the coefficient parameter, a, is between 0.9999 and 0.9988 while it ranges between 0.8754 and 0.8039 for exponent parameter, b. High correlation coefficient (more than 0.95) has been obtained. The resulting IDF models are strongly recommended for rigorous, effective and safe design of the stormwater systems in Makkah Al-Mukarramah region
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