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Penerapan akuntansi lingkungan di RSUD Dr. Muhammad Saleh Probolinggo
No full textINDONESIA:
Tujuan didirikannya rumah sakit sebagai sarana upaya perbaikan kesehatan yang melaksanakan pelayanan kesehatan sekaligus sebagai lembaga pendidikan tenaga kesehatan dan penelitian, ternyata memiliki dampak positif dan negatif terhadap lingkungan. Hasil limbah yang dihasilkan rumah sakit sangat berbahaya yang bisa berdampak langsung terhadap lingkungan hidup. Rumah sakit harus memperhatikan dan bertanggung jawab terhadap lingkungannya, sebab lingkungan memberikan andil dan kontribusi bagi rumah sakit sendiri. Untuk mencapai hal tersebut rumah sakit harus mengeluarkan sejumlah biaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan akuntansi lingkungan dalam memberikan laporan keuangan yang lebih informatif dan mengetahui pelaksanaan tanggung jawab lingkungan oleh di RSUD Dr. Muhammad Saleh terkait dengan pengelolahan limbah.
Metode penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan obyek penelitian di RSUD Muhammad Saleh Probolinggo. Penelitian ini juga melibatkan beberapa bidang di rumah sakit yang berkaitan dengan biaya lingkungan, antara lain : bagian sanitasi, bagian keuangan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa RSUD Dr. Muhammad Saleh Probolinggo telah melakukan pengelolahan limbah dengan cukup baik, terbukti tidak adanya biaya eksternal yang dikeluarkan oleh rumah sakit. Untuk penerapan akuntansi lingkungan pihak rumah sakit belum menerapkannya terbukti tidak membuatkan laporan khusus terkait lingkungan. Peneliti melakukan identifikasi, pengklasifikasian serta membuatkan usulan laporan biaya lingkungan. Dari laporan tersebut bisa diketahui semua biaya terkait lingkungan, dengan begitu memudahkan manajemen untuk mengontrol semua bidang terkait limbah rumah sakit.
ENGLISH:
The aim of building a hospital is to improve health service. As an educational institution of health and research source, a hospital has both negative and positive sides for the environment. The waste produced might be direct impact which is very dangerous for environment. A hospital should give attention and be responsible for that , because an environment has contribution for the hospital. A hospital is supposed to spend much money. This thesis aims to know the implementation of environmental accounting in reporting informative financial report and to know the responsibility of environment at District Hospital of Dr. Muhammad Saleh relating to hospital waste mangement.
This research employs descriptive qualitative design and District Hospital of Muhammad Saleh Probolinggo is used as the object of this research. This research involved staffs in the hospital who are dealing with environmental fee, for instance: finance and sanitation staff.
The result of this research shows that District Hospital of Dr. Muhammad Saleh Probolinggo controls hospital waste management properly. It was proven by not having external fee. To implement environmental accounting, hospital stakeholders haven't implemented it. It was proven by not specially reporting environment. The researcher identified, classified, and proposed environmental fee report. From the report, all of environmental fee could be transparantly seen. It makes the staffs easy to control all parts of hospital waste
Characterization of the existing and exploration of the new materials for CMS muons detector upgrade at LHC
No full textMaterials play an important role in the elementary particle detectors technology.
The detector is one of the basic instrument in experimental particle physics research.
The detector material choice is based on detection requirements, i.e., precision,
efficiency, dimensions and cost. Many types of detectors are being used to identify
and study elementary particles in diverse fields, such as medical, homeland security,
cosmology, nuclear, subnuclear, astro and particle physics.
The studies presented in this thesis concern materials that are used (or planned
to be used) in two types of particle detection technologies such as Resistive Plate
Counters (RPC) and the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors for muon particles
detection at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. CMS records and
identifies collisions between protons accelerated at the highest energies ever reached
by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), located at the European Centre for Nuclear
Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland.
CMS is one of the four main particle detectors at the LHC. Goal of CMS and
the LHC is to produce, detect and study the Higgs boson, and the elusive new
particles that could explain the dark matter enigma in the Universe. The Higgs
boson was observed in 2012, and since then new statistically significant data was
accumulated. The new particles are being searched for in the data taking period just
started (March 2017) that will continue for more than 10 years at ever increasing
intensity and energy.
CMS is composed of many sub-detectors systems such as silicon tracker, electromagnetic
& hadronic calorimeter, muon systems, all immersed in the most powerful
magnetic field ever built for momentum measurement. The muon system is of
paramount importance, because of the prevalence of the new particles to decay in
final states with a large content of muon particles. The CMS muon system uses
three particle detection technologies, such as Drift Tubes (DTs) detectors, Cathode
Strips Chambers (CSCs) and Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs). The DTs and CSCs
provide a precise measurement points for muon triggering and identification; the DTs
and CSCs are installed in barrel and endcap region respectively and give coverage
up to 0 < ||< 2.4, with being the pseudo-rapidity. The RPCs detectors provide
an extra muon trigger, these are installed in both barrel and endcap regions. The
existing RPC system has a coverage up to || < 1.6. Beyond this region the eight
endcap stations are empty.
To cover the high region, novel detectors are required in order to cope with high
radiation level resulting by high density of particles. The Gas Electron Multiplier
(GEM) technology was proposed and approved. This thesis reports on material
studies carried on to characterize both the RPC and the GEM detectors.
In the first phase of upcoming data taking periods (so called long shutdown 2 or
LS2, scheduled for 2019), a GEM chamber station called GE1/1 will be installed.
In the second phase called High-Luminosity LHC and scheduled in LS3 (2024),
additional subsystems with GEM and RPC technology have been proposed as
candidates for additional stations.
The study of the main material composing a GE1/1 detector (the GEM foil) is
the first part of the thesis. The GEM foil is the basic component of the detector, and it plays a vital role for detection of the particles. The foil is composed of 50 μm
thick polyimide film, coated with 5 μm copper on both sides, it is perforated with
the micro size holes such as outer diameter of the hole is 70 μm, inner diameter 50
μm and pitch (distance between two consecutive holes) is 140 μm. In one detector
a stack of three GEM foils is used, the area of the foil is about 0.345 m2 (short
GE1/1 detector), 0.409 m2 (long GE1/1 detector). By design the spacing among
the foils in the stack will be 1-3 mm. To assemble the detector the foils stack is
stretched with a specially designed pull-out arranged around the detector, which
uses 58 lateral screws (for short GE1/1 detector). During stretching, if the applied
force is beyond the elastic limit or force applied non-uniformly across the screws,
then the micro holes could have deformed. The electric field lines produced during
detector operation, will be also deformed/dispersed accordingly, and this will directly
affect the detector performance. The detectors have to perform for about 20 years at
CMS in high radiations environment, therefore it is important to study the radiation
impacts on the tensile properties of the foil. The long-term stability test is also of
paramount importance. The GE1/1 foil is an asymmetric mechanically (due to the
formation of the HV sectors with non-uniform spacing), so the asymmetry studies
are important to know that in which orientation the foil can deform differently by
applying uniform stress.
The studies on GEM materials are performed by using both conventional and
non-conventional techniques. In conventional techniques, we used stretching machine
for tensile characterization and same setup was used for the creep test by adjusting
the stress accordingly. For GEM foil holes deformation study a high resolution
microscope was used along with the tensile test setup as mentioned above. In the
non-conventional technique we used Moir ́e interferometry to measure the flatness of
the top foil of the stack, this optical method was used to characterize GE1/1 foils in
situ, i.e., inside the GE1/1 assembled full size chambers under varying stress along
the lateral screws. This test is helpful to optimize and to attain maximum possible
flatness of the foil under nominal stress. Furthermore, Moir ́e interferometry does not
require physical contact with foil during the measurement, due to this reason this
method is safer with respect to damaging the foil. This method allows to verify that
about 80 μm precision can be reached on the transverse plane, well suited to the
operation specifications of the GE1/1 foils. In the second non-conventional method,
we used Fiber Bragg ́s Grating (FBG) sensors to measure the strain at various points
on the three GEM foils stack simultaneously during tightening the GEM foils stack.
The demonstration of installing and measuring of the strain variation from the FBGs
sensors on the GE1/1 three foils simultaneously also leads to the idea to install the
FBG sensors on some of the final version of the GE1/1 chambers and to monitor
the affects of high magnetic field at the GEM foil during operation at the CMS.
For tensile characterization we not only used the GEM foil but also the kapton
(non-copper coated and non-perforated) which is the base material of the GEM
foil. The purpose of GEM material characterization is to see the tensile trends
by applying continuously increasing stress and the estimation of the elastic limit,
and the aging affects due to radiation such as gamma and neutron. The different
environmental conditions could affect the tensile trends and elastic limit therefore
the samples are conditioned not only in radiation but also in different temperature
and humidity environment. In addition to all these conditioning, one set of the
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sample is treated in the harsh environment such as kept in the oven at 360o C. These
various types of conditioning help to understand deeply the mechanical properties of
the GEM material.
The tensile tests provided the Young’s modulus of GEM and kapton foils. It
was observed the degradation due to neutron irradiation in the elastic region for
both kapton and GEM foil. Neither moisture nor dryness affect significantly the
tensile properties. However, the heat treatment drastically degraded the material
in the elastic regime and beyond. The long term stability test of the GE1/1 foil
under constant stress (creep test) was performed. For this test, samples are taken
from unused GE1/1 foil, two tests were performed separately in both longitudinal
and transverse directions. The reason to perform the two tests is the asymmetry in
the GE1/1 foil. The asymmetry arises in the foil due to HV sectors formation, and
each sector is separated by about 1-2 mm wide lines without copper coating and the
holes. Creep test provide the characterization of GE1/1 foils for long term stability
under constant load.
The second part of this thesis is focussed on developing and characterizing the
RPC detector new material. The RPCs are already in operation in many experiments
particularly at the LHC experiments such as CMS and ATLAS. In future the RPC
are being considered in the upgrade project of the muon system particularly for
the CMS. The CMS upgrade plan is linked with the LHC upgrade in which the
luminosity will be enhanced, this enhanced luminosity era of the LHC is called the
HL-LHC. During HL-LHC high rate of particles is expected and therefore faster
detectors are required, which should have better capability of sustaining in very high
particle rates without suffering from electrical discharges and aging. To make the
RPCs faster a lot of R & D programs are on going. Along with other things such
as fast front end electronics and detector design (reducing the gap size), the most
important thing is the electrodes material. A good quality internal surface of the
gaps (electrodes) and moderate resistivity could improve the RPCs performance.
The efforts to modify the existing material and to develop a new material will be
not only useful to meet the HL-LHC challenges particularly, but also good for the
RPC detector technology in general. Therefore the focus of my work in last part of
thesis is to modify the existing material and to develop the new material and its
characterization.
The existing and the standard RPC electrodes are made with two Bakelite
electrodes which have resistivity of 1010 − 1012W.cm, the electrodes are coated
internally with linseed oil and externally with graphite. The linseed oil is used to
make the surface smooth and graphite coating is necessary to enhance external
surface conductivity which help to distribute high potential (10 kV) uniformly across
the electrodes to generate a uniform electric field along the entire gas gap. The
particle detection rate capability depends on the electrodes material surface quality
and its resistivity.
For the RPCs material study a two-fold approach was adopted such as: modification
of the existing material, and development of a new material for the electrodes.
In the first approach, we replaced the linseed oil with polyimide and, to control
resistivity, we added carbon black and graphene in the polyimide. To coat the
electrodes (bakelite sheet) with polyimide and polyimide mixed additives different
techniques are adopted such as spray, spin coating etc.., after the coating treated
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the samples surface in control temperature and humidity environment to make it
dry and sticky with the base material. The inspection of surface morphology and
roughness SEM and AFM respectively were used. The chemical structure of the
surface was studied via FTIR analysis. For resistivity measurement arranged a setup
in which the surface and bulk resistivity was measured separately. For moisture
absorption rate measurements a dedicated setup was built. In the second approach
of the strategy we developed a new material for the RPCs electrodes. It consists
of polyimide and additives. To make the self sustained samples we used the thick
the solutions of polyimide and uniformly mixed the additives (carbon black and
graphene pellets). Samples were dried adopting two different procedures: room
temperature and oven desiccation. After that FTIR, AFM, SEM, resistivity and
moisture absorption tests were performed. The detail procedure and results are
reported in the chapter 7, the results are very encouraging. Future plan includes to
keep continue this research by building a prototype by using the new material and
to study and validate the material by looking the performance of the detector
Theoretical studies on association/dissociation process of protein complex related to protein-protein and ligand-receptor interactions
Full text link博士論文要旨Abstract 以下に掲載：The Science Report of the Kanazawa University 63(14) pp.15-28 2019. Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University. 共著者：Arwansyah Muhammad Saleh, Koichi KODAMA, Isman KURNIAWAN, Tatsuki KATAOKA, Kazutomo KAWAGUCHI, Hidemi NAGA
The Students’ Mastery of English Parts of Speech at The Third Semester Students of English Department in Tarbiyah Faculty of IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin Academic Year 2012/2013
Full text linkMuhammad Saleh. 2012 The Students’ Mastery of English Parts of Speech at The Third Semester Students of English Department in Tarbiyah Faculty of IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin Academic Year 2012/2013. Thesis. By Muhammad Saleh. Advisor (I): Dra. Hj. Wardah Hayati, M.A, advisor (II): Nur Laila Kadariyah, S.Ag. M.Pd.
This study describes about the students’ mastery of English parts of speech at the third semester students of English Department in Tarbiyah Faculty of IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin academic year 2012/2013. The formulations of the problem in this research are: (1). How is the students mastery of English parts of speech at the third semester students of English Department of Tarbiyah Faculty at IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin Academic year 2012/2013. (2).What kind of English parts of speech do the students get most difficulties of the third semester students of English Department of Tarbiyah Faculty at IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin Academic year 2012/2013?
The population of this research is the third semester students class A, B, and C of English Department of Tarbiyah Faculty at IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin in Academic year 2012/2013. The total number of the students is 109 students and the sample was taken 40% from the total number that is 45 students.
To collect the data, the writer uses some techniques have been used namely: written test, observation, interview, and documentary. Furthermore, the data are processed by using some techniques namely: editing, classification, tabulating, and interpreting.
The result of the research show the students’ mastery of English parts of speech at the third semester students of English Department in Tarbiyah Faculty of IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin academic year 2012/2013 their mean score is 72,91 and categorized is in good category.
Based on the test result, the writer got the data that students get still difficulties toward the function of English parts of speech especially are in noun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, and conjunction
Tengku Muhammad Saleh: Ulama Generasi Terakhir Kerajaan Riau Lingga, 1901-1966
Full text linkAt the end of the 19th century from the Riau Lingga Kingdom appeared a number of scholars, such as King Ali Haji, Raja Ali Kelana, King Khalid Hitam, and a number of other names who settled on Penyengat Island. The majority of these scholars are from the nobility of Riau Lingga Kingdom and are of Bugis blood. At the beginning of the 20th century, there appeared a Malay cleric of noble Riau Lingga Kingdom named Tengku Muhammad Saleh (TMS) who settled on Lingga Island, the area that became the center of Riau Lingga Kingdom in 1787-1900. This paper examines the biography of Tengku Muhammad Saleh (TMS): The Last Generation Ulama of Riau Lingga Kingdom 1901-1966. From the research, it was concluded that TMS was a nobleman and cleric of the Riau Lingga Kingdom who was anti- the Dutch government. Resistance against the Dutch was carried out through criticism through writing and also rejected positions in the government of the Riau Lingga Kingdom. He was arrested by the Dutch because he was considered a Japanese spy and taken to Batavia but was able to escape. During the Japanese occupation, TMS was appointed as a judge of the Sharia Court in Lingga. TMS\u27s formal education is not high, but his figure is highly respected because he gave birth to a number of works, including the book Nur al Salah which is currently taught in mosques in Lingga. A figure of Hamka\u27s caliber had come to Lingga to meet TMS in 1957. He actively preached from the islands and settled in his hometown
Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of some piperazines and their metal complexes / Muhammad Saleh Salga
Full text linkPiperazine derived Schiff bases were synthesized by an ethanolic condensation of 2- (piperazin-1-yl)ethanamine with either salicylaldehyde (LSP), 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde
(LCS), 5-bromosalicylaldehyde (LBS), 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde (LNS), 5-hydroxy salicylaldehyde (LDH), 4-hydroxysalicylaldehyde (DHS), 5-methoxysalicylaldehyde
(LHM) or 4-methoxysalicylaldehyde (HMS). Other Schiff bases were obtained from 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)ethanone (2HP) and 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone (DHP). Schiff basemetal
complexes of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) were prepared by direct synthesis which yielded 1:1 metal-ligand ratio. The solid product formed was collected, washed with ethanol, recrystallized from suitable solvent and dried in a vacuum desiccator. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods such as
IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and UV-visible. Thermal studies (TGA) on the complexes were carried out and structural studies on suitable single crystals were performed using x-ray
crystallography technique. Other purification determination techniques employed involved elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy and melting point determination. The X-ray
diffraction analyses were conducted on CdLS, CdLHM, ZnHMS, ZnLDH and ZnLNS. The analytical data demonstrated the flexidentate behavior of the Schiff bases upon
complexation, forming chair conformations with highly distorted square pyramidal geometries in most of the compounds. The synthesized Schiff bases and their complexes
were screened in-vivo (acute toxicity and gastro-protective activity) and in-vitro (antioxidant, anti-cancer acetylcholinesterase inhibition and molecular modeling activities). The compounds exhibited good biological activities in most of the studies
Epidemiologi K3
No full textBuku kategori kesehatan yang berjudul Epidemiologi K3 merupakan karya dari Lalu Muhammad Saleh & Iva Hardi Yanti. Bidang ilmu yang mempelajari tentang frekuensi, distribusi, dan determinan suatu penyakit merupakan definisi yang paling umum dalam menggambarkan disiplin ilmu epidemiologi. Perspektif epidemiolog yang lebih menggunakan penalaran deduktif dan induktif secara sistematis, sebelum menarik suatu kesimpulan atas kejadian yang terjadi pada kelompok tertentu khususnya terkait suatu penyakit atau erat hubungannya dengan kesehatan kelompok tertentu, menjadikan ilmu epidemiologi sangat penting dan mutlak di butuhkan. Buku ini disusun berdasarkan sintesis dalam aspek epidemiologi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja. Banyak hal yang perlu diperhatikan untuk mengkaji terkait ilmu keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dipandang dari kacamata epidemiologi, mulai dari sejarah epidemiologi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja hingga dengan kombinasi pencegahan dan pengendalian risiko melalui surveillance dan penilaian risiko serta lain sebagainya sebagai pelengkap dalam buku ini
Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah : Studi Voter Turnout Masyarakat Kota Tebing Tinggi Dalam Pilkada Tahun 2017 Dengan Calon Tunggal
Full text linkPartisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pilkada : Studi Voter Turnout Masyarakat Kota Tebing Tinggi Dalam Pilkada 2017 Dengan Calon Tunggal
Muhammad Saleh, S.IP (FISIP, Universitas Andalas)
Dibawah Bimbingan Dr. Yuslim, SH, MH dan Drs. Bakaruddin Rosyidi, MS
Abstrak
Partisipasi memilih menjadi salah satu kebutuhan agar keberlanjutan demokrasi dan sistem politik tidak mengalami hambatan. Pemilu sebagai instrumen utama demokrasi merupakan salah satu kunci yang menjembatani suara rakyat sebagai pemilik kedaulatan untuk memberikan mandat kepada seseorang sebagai wakil rakyat atau sebagai penguasa yang akan duduk dalam pemerintahan. Oleh karena itu, sebagian negara-negara yang menganut demokrasi, termasuk Indonesia, menjadikan partisipasi sebagai salah satu agenda yang tidak dapat dikesampingkan dalam proses pemilu khususnya dalam hal hadir atau tidaknya warga negara untuk memilih (voter turnout).
Salah satu fenomena yang terjadi dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah sejak tahun 2015 yang lalu adalah munculnya pasangan calon tunggal dalam pemilihan. Undang undang juga telah mengatur tentang mekanisme pelaksanaan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah dengan calon tunggal tersebut. Kota Tebingtinggi di Provinsi Sumatera Utara termasuk salah satu dari Kabupaten/Kota yang memiliki pasangan dengan calon tunggal di Pemilihan Umum Kepala Daerah Tahun 2017 yang lalu. Berdasarkan data, partisipasi pemilih dalam pilkada Kota Tebing Tinggi dengan calon tunggal menunjukkan angka yang tidak terlalu tinggi, yaitu sebesar 59.868 suara (55,8 %). Sedangkan masyarakat Kota Tebing Tinggi yang memilih Walikota Incumbent 41.937 suara (70,04%), yang memilih kotak kosong sebesar 16.861 suara (28,16%) dan masyarakat yang terdaftar dalam DPT (Daftar Pemilih Tetap) yang tidak menggunakan hak pilihnya sebanyak 47.943 suara (44,46%). Alasan masyarakat yang memilih Walikota Incumbent antara lain popularitas calon yang tinggi, memiliki kinerja yang baik, adanya hubungan kekerabatan dan lainnya. Sedangkan yang memilih kotak kosong memiliki alasan tidak suka dengan calon Walikota, tidak diberi uang dan adanya ajakan dari etnis tertentu untuk memilih kotak kosong.
Kata Kunci : Pemilihan Umum Kepala Daerah, Calon Tunggal dan Partisipasi Pemili
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