429 research outputs found
Metode Kritik Filsafat Ibnu Rusyd: Peletak Dasar- Dasar Filsafat Islam
No full textPerbincangan apa pun tentang filsafat Islam atau rasionalisme Islam bila tidak menyertakan kiprah intelektual Ibnu Rusyd, tokoh dari Andalusia, adalah sama dengan omong kosong. “Bullshit!”
Demikian kira-kira ungkapan yang sangat tepat untuk menggambarkan urgensi kontribusi filsafat Ibnu Rusyd—sebagaimana begitu pentingnya meletakkan sosok R.A. Kosasih dalam jagat perkomikan Indonesia. Apa gerangan sesungguhnya yang telah disumbangkan Ibnu Rusyd?
Pelik memang, namun bukannya mustahil untuk dipetakan. Apa yang telah dilakukan dengan baik oleh Muhammad Atif al-Iraqi dalam buku yang kini ada dalam genggaman pembaca ini merupakan satu bukti esensial yang berhasil mendudukkan eskalasi filsafat Ibnu Rusyd di antara percaturan filsafat Islam khususnya, dan bahkan filsafat dunia umumnya.
Kita seolah-olah dihidangi “metode kritik” Ibnu Rusyd yang sangat komprehensif, mencakup dimensi teologis/kalam hingga sufistik, yang berhasil memetakan dengan baik bagaimana sebenarnya cara penalaran Ibnu Rusyd dalam melihat setiap dimensi Islam. Penelitian yang sangat serius dari seorang pakar sejarah filsafat di Cairo University ini menghadirkan nuansa baru dalam melihat ketajaman dan keberanian Ibnu Rusyd
Ibn Ḥazm (Abū Muḥammad 'Alï), Al-Uṣūl wa-l-furū, éd. Ibrāhīm Hilāl, Suhayr Abū Wāfiya et Muhammad 'Atif al-'Irāqī, Le Caire, 1978
No full textBernand Marie. Ibn Ḥazm (Abū Muḥammad 'Alï), Al-Uṣūl wa-l-furū, éd. Ibrāhīm Hilāl, Suhayr Abū Wāfiya et Muhammad 'Atif al-'Irāqī, Le Caire, 1978. In: Bulletin critique des annales islamologiques, n°2, 1985. pp. 261-263
Mysticism and ethics in Islam
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.Standardized name for editor Bilal Orfali from the Library of Congress is: Urfahʹlī, Bilāl http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2010019407The relationship between Sufism or Islamic mysticism and ethics is largely untilled land. Mysticism and Ethics in Islam attempts to survey this fertile area of investigation by attempting to come to a clearer idea of what is meant by the terms “ethics” and “mysticism,” both in relation to each other and to Islam. The articles in this volume do not have an eye so much on defining what mysticism and ethics in Islamic civilization are per se, as much as on coming to terms with the parameters and boundaries within which they have historically been conceptualized. As such, the book falls into four clearly demarcated time periods and foci: early, classical, late pre-modern, and modern and contemporary. Taken as a whole, this collection of contributions by leading specialists in their fields offer rich insights into some of the most important articulations of Sufi ethics to have animated the tradition, from past to present, in such geographically diverse regions and countries as Egypt, India, West Africa, Iran, Turkey, Russia, Central Asia, and China.Editors' introduction -- I. EARLY PERIOD -- Aḥlām al-mutaṣṣawwifah wa-atharuhā ʻalá ʻilm al-taʻbīr al-Islāmī, fī al-qarnayn al-rābiʻ wa-al-khāmis lil-hijrah / Lina Jammal -- To grieve or not to grieve? The ambivalence of Ḥuzn in early Islam / Riccardo Paredi -- The treasurers of God : Abū Saʻīd Al-Kharrāz and the ethics of wealth in early Sufism / John Zaleski -- On patience (Ṣabr) in Sufi virtue ethics / Atif Khalil -- Min naqd al-taṣawwuf ilá iṣlāḥ al-akhlāq : al-kashf ʻan aʻmāl Shams al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Malik al-Dulaymī (t. 593 H/ 1197M) / Khaled Abdo -- Does Al-Ghazālī have a theory of virtue? / Sophia Vasalou -- II. CLASSICAL PERIOD -- Theo-Fānī : ʻAyn Al-Quḍāt and the fire of love / Mohammed Rustom -- Marātib Al-Taqwā : Saʻīd Al-Dīn Farghānī on the ontology of ethics / William Chittick -- Transcending character and the quest for union : the place of union (al-jamʿ) in commentaries on Anṣārī's Waystations / Cyrus Zargar -- Seeing is believing : Sufi vision and the formation of the ethical subject / Richard McGregor -- Disciplining the soul, freeing the mind : spiritual practice (al-riyāḍa) in Fakhr Al-Dīn Al-Rāzī's Sharḥ Al-Ishārāt Wa-l-Tanbīhāt / Nora Jacobsen Ben Hammed -- al-Nasaq al-maʻrifī li-iʻādat intāj al-mafāhīm al-akhlāqīyah ʻinda al-Ṣūfīyah > namūdhajan / Chafika Ouail -- ʻAḍud Al-Dīn Ījī's ethics : a translation of Al-Akhlāq Al-ʻAḍudiyya and some notes on its commentaries / Feryal Salem -- III. LATE PRE-MODERN PERIOD -- ʻAbd Al-Wahhāb Al-Shaʻrānī's Laṭāʼif Al-Minan and the virtue of sincere immodesty / Matthew Ingalls -- Finding new life among the dead : the ethical mysticism of The Book of Pure Gold / Paul Heck -- Sufism and ethics in the works of Shāh Walī Allāh / Marcia Hermansen -- "Dogs have left you in the dust!" Mockery in Panjabi Sufi poetry / Syed Rizwan Zamir -- Churning nectar on the path of Muhammad : of ethical imaginaries in Kashmiri Sufi poetry / Peter Dziedzic -- The Chinese classics in the light of Ibn Al-ʻArabī's Metaphysics -- IV. MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY PERIODS -- Sufism and ethics in Central Asia : Ṣūfī Allāhyār's Thabāt Al-ʻĀjizīn and its legacy / Alexandre Papas -- Sufism, ethics, and the Muslim modernist project / Ahmed El Shamsy -- Sufism and modern Muslim ethics in 14th/20th century Russian Islamic thought / Leila Almazova -- A Nietzschean mystic : Muhammad Iqbal on the ethics of selfhood / Muhammad Faruque -- The transcendent ethics of Tarbiya : Ibrahim Niasse's Maqāmāt Al-Dīn al-Thalāth / Oludamini Ogunnaike -- Becoming what one is : liberative knowledge and human perfection in the writing of Seyyed Hossein Nasr -- Author biographies
Metode kritik filsafat Ibnu Rusyd : peletak dasar-dasar filsafat islam
No full textKita seolah-olah dihidangi ?metode kritik? Ibnu Rusyd yang sangat komprehensif, mencakup dimensi teologis/kalam hingga sufistik, yang berhasil memetakan dengan baik bagaimana sebenarnya cara penalaran Ibnu Rusyd dalam melihat setiap dimensi Islam. Penelitian yang sangat serius dari seorang pakar sejarah filsafat di Cairo University ini menghadirkan nuansa baru dalam melihat ketajaman dan keberanian Ibnu Rusyd
Bellek içi analog hesaplama kullanarak kablosuz iletişim uygulamaları için öğrenme ve çıkarım
No full textCataloged from PDF version of article.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-82).The exponential growth of wireless communication technologies has created a crucial need for more efficient and intelligent signal processing in decentralized devices and systems. Traditional digital computing architectures increasingly struggle to meet these rising computational demands, leading to performance bottlenecks and energy inefficiencies. The problem becomes more significant on edge devices with limited computing capabilities and severe energy limitations. Integrating machine learning algorithms with in-memory analog computing, specifically memristor-based architectures, provides a non-traditional computing paradigm and can potentially enhance the energy efficiency of edge devices. By leveraging the properties of memristors, which can perform both storage and computation, this research investigates ways to potentially reduce latency and power consumption in signal-processing tasks for wireless communications. This study examines memristor-based analog computing for deep learning and inference in three areas of (wireless) communications: cellular network traffic prediction, multi-sensor over-the-air inference for internet-of-things devices, and neural successive cancellation decoding for polar codes. The research includes the development of robust training techniques for memristive neural networks to cater for degraded performance due to noise in analog computations and offer acceptable prediction accuracy with reduced computational overhead for network traffic management. It explores in-memory computing for an Lp-norm inspired sensor fusion method with analog sensors and enables more efficient multi-sensor data fusion. Also, it investigates the incorporation of analog memristive computing in neural successive cancellation decoders for polar codes, which could lead to more energy-efficient decoding algorithms. The findings of the thesis suggest potential improvements in energy efficiency and provide insights into the benefits and limitations of using in-memory computing for wireless communication applications.by Muhammad Atif Al
Menjaga Sejarah, Mengelola Ingatan Tradisi Ritus Haul Cuci Pusaka di Keramat Tajug Kota Tangerang Selatan
No full textTradisi ritus haul cuci pusaka di Keramat Tajug Kota Tangerang Selatan hadir di tengah masyarakat Cilenggang sebagai identitas yang dibentuk oleh keluarga keturunan Tubagus Muhammad Atif. Pelaksanaannya yang telah berlangsung sejak abad ke-17 mengalami berbagai rekonstruksi dan pengelolaannya hingga bertahan di tengah kota yang pesat akan pembangunan dan modernisasi. Hal tersebut tentunya menarik perhatian dan memunculkan pertanyaan bagaimana tradisi ritus tersebut dapat bertahan dan menjadi identitas masyarakat Cilenggang, khususnya bagi keluarga keturunan Tubagus Muhammad Atif. Untuk menemukan dan mendeskripsikan pembentukan identitas dalam pengelolaan tradisi ritus haul cuci pusaka di Keramat Tajug Kota Tangerang Selatan, maka teori yang digunakan yaitu teori pembentukan identitas, pengelolaan identitas budaya dan kebijakan dalam konsep mempertahankan budaya. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran secara langsung di lapangan bagaimana pelaksanaan tradisi haul cuci pusaka sebagai milik masyarakat Cilenggang. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa identitas terbentuk dimulai sejak Tubagus Muhammad Atif mendapatkan warisan pusaka berupa tutup pusar yang kemudian dirawat melalui ritual pencucian. Meskipun berbagai permasalahan terjadi yang menghambat pelaksanaan tradisi dilakukan karena kondisi di tengah penyebaran agama Islam dan konflik masa kolonial, tradisi tetap dilakukan secara sembunyi hingga berani untuk dilakukan secara terbuka ketika undang-undang tentang pelestarian cagar budaya diberlakukan. Konsep tradisi menjadi sebuah konservasi pusaka agar tetap terjaga. Unsur yang ada dalam tradisi sebagai ritual yaitu tempat pelaksanaan, waktu pelaksanaan yang telah ditentukan, benda pusaka dan pelengkap ritual seperti sesajen, tokoh yang dianggap pantas untuk memimpin jalannya pelaksaan ritual serta kesenian Islam yaitu musik hadrah dan unsur verbal berupa doa-doa dan shalawat Nabi. Pembentukan identitas terjadi melalui hibriditas dan memunculkan konsep sinkretisme antara budaya masyarakat lokal dengan budaya agama Islam. Hegemoni yang terjadi dalam tradisi mengakibatkan terjadi mimikri pada masyarakat Cilenggang yang terbiasa dengan adanya tradisi tersebut sehingga menjadi identitas yang melekat dalam kehidupan mereka
Intoxication and self-defence : a comparative study of principles of English law and Shari'ah
No full textThe study is based upon an analysis of the general principles of criminal liability in English law and Shari 'ah. It is hoped that it may provide a valid basis for discussion of the future development of criminal law.
The relationship between law and society is an organic one and this relationship in Shari'ah is based on revelatory text of precepts, law, and admonitions. Shari'ah is an
essential part of faith of every Muslim; a sound knowledge of its principles not only gives him a sense of inner fulfilment but enables him to order his life according to the dictates of his religion. On the other hand, in English law, religious beliefs and private morality might be viewed as not a matter for law. Religion is in that context generally conceived as a spiritual sphere of supra-human connotation distinct from law, which is basically a secular concern.
Both the systems of law under consideration are different in their sources and nature. English law, being a positive law, finds its source in legislation and other recognised
sources. Shari 'ah is a divine ordinance imposed upon people without having a freedom of choice and it has its roots in its primary sources, the Holy Qur'an, and the Sunnah.
However, the revelatory nature of Shari'ah does not render it entirely inflexible and immutable. The finality of authoritative legal texts is confined only to a limited number of injunctions in the primary sources. The secondary sources provide flexibility to meet the changing requirements of society. A legal system should strike a fair balance between flexibility and inflexibility of legal rules. A very flexible system of law may lead to inconsistencies, illogicalities and at the same time may be subject to abuse by judges while a rigid system, which leaves no room for judicial discretion is likely to
lead to injustice in certain cases. It is submitted that the very flexible nature of English law has left it full of inconsistencies and illogicalities, despite the appropriate use of judicial discretion.
The research offers a general view of modern thinking about the theoretical foundations and methodology of Shari'ah Shari 'ah recognises a variety of sources and methods from which a rule of law might be derived. Part-I of the thesis discusses the evolving principles of Islamic jurisprudence from their rudimentary sources. The specific relationship between socio-religious reality and the production of theoretical legal discourse is illustrated in Part-11 and III while dealing with the problem of intoxication
and private defence in society. It suggests that Shari'ah provides a framework in which the complex and sometimes competing needs of an individual and society can be fairly
apportioned.
The research will demonstrate that there is a well developed system of criminal law in Shari'ah that can be compared with the most developed and civilised criminal law of the contemporary world, for example, English criminal law. In order to compare the compatibility of both the legal systems, the approaches of both towards the problems of intoxication and self-defence have been taken as a parameter. Though Shari 'ah provisions seem to be predominantly prescriptive as compared to English criminal law, the comparison will show that it can provide practical solutions to problems faced by human society of any age. Shari 'ah being a revealed law is proactive in its nature. It takes action to cause changes and not only react to a change when it happens. This particular feature can be felt while dealing with the problem of intoxication. English
criminal law, on the other hand, being a positive law bears the characteristics of a reactive law. It reacts to events or changes rather than acting first to cause change or
prevent something. Another major difference between the two legal systems might be that English criminal law has passed through many evolutionary phases and reached at the present stage through the efforts of the political power and the state; whereas, Muslim states and governments throughout the centuries neither had a hand in the development of Islamic jurisprudence nor in the training and certification of jurists or jurisconsults whose task it was to formulate the law.
History suggests that using the combined forces of religion, morality and law Shari'ah has effectively eradicated social evils and created a peaceful environment for human coexistence, where every one can enjoy his rights without a fear of infringement by the others. In cases of infringement of such rights, the offender shall be liable to severe punishments. The principles of criminal liability are on a par with the corresponding principles of the English criminal law. While protecting the rights of the victim of the crime, Shari'ah does not ignore the rights of the offender for fair trail, impartial justice and liability for punishment proportional to the offence committed by him. At the same time it recognises excuse and justification defences under appropriate circumstances, as
it will be evident while comparing the defences of intoxication and self-defence with the same in English criminal law.
The study reveals that there are similarities and differences between English law and Shari'ah when considering the issue of crime and criminal liability. However, this may be considered as normal phenomenon of comparing any two different legal systems. The differences can be attributed to their sources, origin, history and nature of the social values to be protected. Similarities can be ascribed to zeal for social justice and stability.
The study of differences and similarities will provide an opportunity to illuminate our understanding of law and the process of its development. As both the systems have their
own methodology to tackle legal issues, a different approach to the similar problem will provide a fresh insight leading to revitalised solutions. It will also be helpful to understand the methodology and the legal reasoning of both the systems leading towards a better understanding of law in general and at the same time providing efficient means for improvement
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