37 research outputs found
Conversion of African Americans to Islam : a sociological analysis of the Nation of Islam and associated groups
No full text'Conversion of African Americans to Islam: A Sociological Analysis of the Nation of
Islam Associated groups' is an empirical study of the religious experience of people
who had/have distinctive features in terms of race, ethnicity and historical experience.
The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how African Americans' (AAs) conversion
experience in general, and the Nation of Islam associated groups' conversion in
particular, differ from the studies of recruitment and conversion in the sociology of
religion and New Religion Movements (NRMs). More specifically, their recruitment
and conversion experiences to Islam diverge from those who converted to mainstream
Islam. The study investigates how AAs' historical experience, soci-economic
difficulties and the racism they encountered shaped and influenced their religious
understanding.
Research methods involved participant observations, a survey questionnaire, interviews,
conversations, personal communications and correspondence. To collect ethnographic
data eleven months field research was conducted mainly in the Chicago area and on two
short visits to Detroit, and three years continued communications with Muslim officials
and academics in the area. During the field research and afterwards through personal
communication 181 survey questionnaire responses were received, and 23 Muslim
officials, academics and ordinary Muslims were interviewed through semi-structured,
unstructured interviews, conversation and correspondence.
The thesis begins with a brief history of Islam and Muslims in general and the African
American Muslims (AAMs) in particular. More emphasis is given on the historical
development of the Nation of Islam (NOl). Then in Chapter III, discussions of schisms
in the history of the NOT are examined from sociological perspectives of social and
religious movements. In Chapter IV I aimed to formulate my own perspective to
analyse and study the conversion experiences of AAMs to Islam. I used a multivariate
approach, considering selectively widely held conversion and recruitment theories in the
sociology of the religion. I consider in Chapter V the predisposing conditions for AAMs
that influence their decision-making to join in the NOT, for example, political and
nationalistic sentiments and socio-economic deprivations. In Chapter VI I have applied
different terms to describe their religious experiences, such as conversion, alteration and
reversion. I have analysed further their encounters with the NOT, the methods of
recruitment they used and their major motives for joining the NOT and converting to
Tslam. In the concluding chapters (Chapter VII VTTT) I describe the different responses
of AAMS to Islam following the death of Elijah Muhammad. It is found out that the
Islamic appeal has polarised. While Farakhan's NOT appeared to continue the tradition
and style of the old NOI with the emphasis on nationalistic and socio-economic factors,
Tmam W. D. Mohammed's community turned more to the religious and spiritual aspects
of Tslam. These different approaches led to a polarisation of the appeal of Tslam to
AAMS.
This thesis contributes to knowledge in four key areas; the sociology of religion and
religious movements, the sociology of social and nationalistic movements, religious and
Islamic studies
Network Load Analysis During Test Mode for the Network-on-Chip Reused Test Access Mechanisms
No full textA Collation and Analysis of Two-Dimensional Unsplit Conservative Advection Methods for Volume of Fluid at Interfaces
No full textabstract: The goal of this paper was to do an analysis of two-dimensional unsplit mass and momentum conserving Finite Volume Methods for Advection for Volume of Fluid Fields with interfaces and validating their rates of convergence. Specifically three unsplit transport methods and one split transport method were amalgamated individually with four Piece-wise Linear Reconstruction Schemes (PLIC) i.e. Unsplit Eulerian Advection (UEA) by Owkes and Desjardins (2014), Unsplit Lagrangian Advection (ULA) by Yang et al. (2010), Split Lagrangian Advection (SLA) by Scardovelli and Zaleski (2003) and Unsplit Averaged Eulerian-Lagrangian Advection (UAELA) with two Finite Difference Methods by Parker and Youngs (1992) and two Error Minimization Methods by Pilliod Jr and Puckett (2004). The observed order of accuracy was first order in all cases except when unsplit methods and error minimization methods were used consecutively in each iteration, which resulted in second-order accuracy on the shape error convergence. The Averaged Unsplit Eulerian-Lagrangian Advection (AUELA) did produce first-order accuracy but that was due to a temporal error in the numerical setup. The main unsplit methods, Unsplit Eulerian Advection (UEA) and Unsplit Lagrangian Advection (ULA), preserve mass and momentum and require geometric clipping to solve two-phase fluid flows. The Unsplit Lagrangian Advection (ULA) can allow for small divergence in the velocity field perhaps saving time on the iterative solver of the variable coefficient Poisson System.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 201
Nonlinear System Identification Using Neural Network
No full textMagneto-rheological damper is a nonlinear system. In this case study, system has been identified using Neural Network tool. Optimization between number of neurons in the hidden layer and number of epochs has been achieved and discussed by using multilayer perceptron Neural Network
STUDY OF CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND REHABILITATION OF KNEE-INJURIES IN MALH SPORT IN SINDH PROVINCE
No full textMalh is an indigenous, traditional and very popular sport in Sindh for centuries. Malh is intense body-contact sport with critical chances of injuries especially knee-injury. This study tends to determine the causes, consequences and rehabilitation of knee injuries in Malh across thirteen districts of the province. Data were collected through structured interview using survey questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS version 22.0. The average mean age of the Malh players also known as Pehelwans was found 43.03 years. Height and weight were recorded as 64.37 inches and 83.26kgs respectively. Findings of this study reveal that 52% Malh players got their right knee injured while 99% players reported they have had several types of injuries most injuries were serious and intrinsic. Implications of findings for Malh players, trainers, parents, physiotherapists and government policy makers are discussed with reference to promotion of Malh sport and diagnosis and rehabilitation of knee injuries
Design and Implementation of Autonomous Sonar Based Vehicle Robot
No full textAutonomous robots are intelligent machines that are capable of performing desired
tasks by themselves, without explicit human control. This paper presents design and
implementation of the ASVR (Autonomous Sonar Based Vehicle Robot). ASVR is a
microcontroller based, programmable mobile robot that can sense and react to its
environment and can work in partially known and unpredictable environments. A novel
algorithm based on ultrasonic sensors and simple calculations for real-time obstacle
detection and avoidance that is intended for mobile robots is also outlined. Also a novel
technique is proposed and implemented for steering referencing of vehicle. The design
is implemented in air using ultrasonic sensors but can be adapted using sonar to
underwater environments where it has important applications such as deep sea
maintenance and reconnaissance tasks. The paper also presents performance results
of a prototype developed to prove the design concept
