49 research outputs found
Rational use of Jatropha curcas L. in food and medicine: from toxicity problems to safe applications
No full textJatropha curcas L. is natural sources of biodiesel. It has high potential economic values. Different parts of J. curcas have their own potencies, unfortunately these were not known by the farmers. The aim of this thesis is to give an overview of the additional values of Jatropha curcas L. by characterization of its natural products that can be used as a safe pharmaceutical product. In addition the detoxification of the plant cake allowing it to be used for animal stock has been researched. This thesis is a part of larger project for valorization Jatropha curcas L. plantation, especially in Indonesia. From the latex of J. curcas L. two cyclic peptides were isolated and synthesized. Curcacycline A inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtillis. Both curcacyclines did not cause mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. From the pressed cake of J. curcas L, it can be utilized as animal feed, because its protein content is the same as FAO requirement, but the utilization is limited due to the toxic components. Because of that, detoxification process became an interesting object. We developed analytical method using tandem mass spectrometer to differentiate α, β phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) and dehydroxy phorbol ester (DHPEs). With this method we can detect the PMA in low amount (1 µg/mL). We also validated the detoxification results using ecotoxicity, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity tests. Based on those results J. curcas cake was not cytotoxic and mutagenic. These data will be essential to develop the use of J. curcas as new drug candidate and for animal food application
Rational use of Jatropha curcas L. in food and medicine: from toxicity problems to safe applications
No full textJatropha curcas L. is natural sources of biodiesel. It has high potential economic values. Different parts of J. curcas have their own potencies, unfortunately these were not known by the farmers. The aim of this thesis is to give an overview of the additional values of Jatropha curcas L. by characterization of its natural products that can be used as a safe pharmaceutical product. In addition the detoxification of the plant cake allowing it to be used for animal stock has been researched. This thesis is a part of larger project for valorization Jatropha curcas L. plantation, especially in Indonesia. From the latex of J. curcas L. two cyclic peptides were isolated and synthesized. Curcacycline A inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtillis. Both curcacyclines did not cause mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. From the pressed cake of J. curcas L, it can be utilized as animal feed, because its protein content is the same as FAO requirement, but the utilization is limited due to the toxic components. Because of that, detoxification process became an interesting object. We developed analytical method using tandem mass spectrometer to differentiate α, β phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) and dehydroxy phorbol ester (DHPEs). With this method we can detect the PMA in low amount (1 µg/mL). We also validated the detoxification results using ecotoxicity, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity tests. Based on those results J. curcas cake was not cytotoxic and mutagenic. These data will be essential to develop the use of J. curcas as new drug candidate and for animal food application
Rational use of Jatropha curcas L. in food and medicine: from toxicity problems to safe applications
No full textJatropha curcas L. is natural sources of biodiesel. It has high potential economic values. Different parts of J. curcas have their own potencies, unfortunately these were not known by the farmers. The aim of this thesis is to give an overview of the additional values of Jatropha curcas L. by characterization of its natural products that can be used as a safe pharmaceutical product. In addition the detoxification of the plant cake allowing it to be used for animal stock has been researched. This thesis is a part of larger project for valorization Jatropha curcas L. plantation, especially in Indonesia. From the latex of J. curcas L. two cyclic peptides were isolated and synthesized. Curcacycline A inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtillis. Both curcacyclines did not cause mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. From the pressed cake of J. curcas L, it can be utilized as animal feed, because its protein content is the same as FAO requirement, but the utilization is limited due to the toxic components. Because of that, detoxification process became an interesting object. We developed analytical method using tandem mass spectrometer to differentiate α, β phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) and dehydroxy phorbol ester (DHPEs). With this method we can detect the PMA in low amount (1 µg/mL). We also validated the detoxification results using ecotoxicity, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity tests. Based on those results J. curcas cake was not cytotoxic and mutagenic. These data will be essential to develop the use of J. curcas as new drug candidate and for animal food application
Rational use of Jatropha curcas L. in food and medicine: from toxicity problems to safe applications
No full textJatropha curcas L. is natural sources of biodiesel. It has high potential economic values. Different parts of J. curcas have their own potencies, unfortunately these were not known by the farmers. The aim of this thesis is to give an overview of the additional values of Jatropha curcas L. by characterization of its natural products that can be used as a safe pharmaceutical product. In addition the detoxification of the plant cake allowing it to be used for animal stock has been researched. This thesis is a part of larger project for valorization Jatropha curcas L. plantation, especially in Indonesia. From the latex of J. curcas L. two cyclic peptides were isolated and synthesized. Curcacycline A inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtillis. Both curcacyclines did not cause mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. From the pressed cake of J. curcas L, it can be utilized as animal feed, because its protein content is the same as FAO requirement, but the utilization is limited due to the toxic components. Because of that, detoxification process became an interesting object. We developed analytical method using tandem mass spectrometer to differentiate α, β phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) and dehydroxy phorbol ester (DHPEs). With this method we can detect the PMA in low amount (1 µg/mL). We also validated the detoxification results using ecotoxicity, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity tests. Based on those results J. curcas cake was not cytotoxic and mutagenic. These data will be essential to develop the use of J. curcas as new drug candidate and for animal food application
PENAPISAN FITOKIMIA DAN KARAKTERISASI SIMPLISIA DAUN JAMBU MAWAR (Syzygium jambos Alston)
No full textSyzygium jambos Alston adalah tumbuhan dari suku Myrtaceae. Secara tradisional daun dan awetan bunga biasanya digunakan sebagai obat penenang, kulit kayu dan bijinya dapat mengobati demam, diare dan disentri. Buah dan kulit batang mengandung saponin, flavonoid dan tannin, di samping itu daun dan buahnya mengandung polifenol. Namun penelitian kandungan kimia tumbuhan yang bermanfaat tersebut di Indonesia masih sedikit dilaporkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menetapkan senyawa fitokimia dan mengkarakterisasi simplisia daun S. jambos. Dilakukan pengambilan sampel dan pengolahan simplisia daun jambu mawar kemudian dilakukan ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut dengan kepolaran bertingkat (n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol). Dilakukan karakterisasi serbuk simplisia meliputi penetapan kadar air, penetapan kadar abu total dan kadar abu tidak larut asam, penetapan susut pengeringan serta penetapan kadar sari larut air dan etanol. Pemeriksaan kandungan kimia alkaloid: menggunakan pereaksi Dragendroff dan Mayer; flavonoid: menggunakan pereaksi serbuk magnesium, HCl 2 N serta amil alcohol; tannin : diberikan pereaksi FeCl3, larutan gelatin 1% dan Steasny; fenol : ditetesi larutan FeCl3 10%; saponin: ditambahkan beberapa tetes asam klorida 2 N; steroid/triterpenoid: diteteskan pereaksi Liebermann-Burchard. Diperoleh nilai kadar air 8,33 ±1,52, kadar abu total 7,64 ±0,08 dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 5,41 ±0,15, susut pengeringan 15,33 ±4,04, kadar sari larut air 20,90 ±0,56 serta kadar sari larut etanol 22,43 ±1,35. Penapisan fitokimia ekstrak daun S. jambos mengandung fenol, flavonoid, dan steroid/triterpenoid
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS SEED EXTRACTS FROM FOUR VARIETIES OF RAMBUTAN (Nephelium lappaceum) USING DPPH AND ABTS ASSAYS
No full textObjectives: The objectives of this research were to study antioxidant activities from various seed extracts of four varieties of rambutan using2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2\u27-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods and correlation of total flavonoidcontent (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total carotenoid content (TCC) with inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of DPPH and ICMethods: Antioxidant activities, TFC, TPC, and TCC of various seed extracts were performed by ultraviolet -visible spectrophotometry and theircorrelation with IC50 of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS antioxidant activities were analyzed by Pearson\u27s method.Results: Ethanolic seed extract of lebak bulus variety had the lowest IC of DPPH scavenging activity 7 µg/ml, while ethyl acetate seed extract of rajahvariety had the lowest IC5050 of ABTS scavenging activity 7.34 µg/ml. The highest TFC, TPC, and TCC were given by ethyl acetate extract of binjai variety,ethanolic extract of rapiah variety, and ethanolic extract of rajah variety, respectively. There were negatively high correlation between TFC, TPC,, TCCin seed extracts of rapiah variety with their IC50 of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS scavenging activities.Conclusions: All of ethyl acetate and ethanolic seed extracts of four varieties of rambutan were very strong antioxidant by DPPH and ABTS methods.Flavonoid, phenolic, and carotenoid compound in seed extracts of rapiah variety were contributor in their antioxidant activities by DPPH and ABTSmethods. The IC50 of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS scavenging activities in seed extracts of lebak bulus, rajah, and rapiah varieties gave linear result.Keywords: Antioxidant, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2\u27-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, Seed, Four varieties, Rambutan,Flavonoid, Phenolic, Carotenoid
ISOLATION OF 8-HIDROXY-6,7-DIMETHOXY COUMARIN FROM JARAK TINTIR STEM (Jatropha multifida L.) AND ITS TOXICITY VALUE USING BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT)
No full textJatropha multifida L. (jarak tintir) was a shrub, annual, and had ± 2 m high. Empirically jarak tintir sap was used as traditional medicine by Indonesian people for a long time. Only limited studies were conducted regarding its chemical compound. It was reported that multifidone (diterpenoid compound from the stem) had an activity against cancer cells in vitro. This study aimed to test the toxicity of various extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) of Jatropha multifida L. stem. A Fraxidin (8-hidroxy-6,7-dimethoxy coumarin) has been isolated from ethyl acetate fraction based on highest cytotoxic with LC50 value 3.69 µg/mL. The isolated compound was elucidated to gain chemical structure base on spectroscopic data (UV-Vis Spectrofotometric, IR Spectrofotometric, and NMR). Toxicity of fraxidin was tested on BSLT and showed no potential activity with LC50 value > 500 μg/mL
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Tiga Spesies Tanaman Sarang Semut (Famili: Rubiaceae) Asal Kabupaten Merauke, Papua
No full textSarang semut plant is one of indigenous medicinal plants of Merauke region, the Papua province. Local people use the bulb of sarang semut plants to cure inflammation, muscle pain and enhancing immunity. However rare research of the plants has been done especially on the antioxidant activity. The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity of three species of sarang semut plants which were Myrmecodia beccarii, Myrmecodia sp. and Hydnophytum sp. The test was necessary to identify the inhibitory concentration level of plant extract in blocking a free radical (IC50). Parts of plants were extracted with maceration using methanol for 3 x 24 h to produce concentrated methanol.  Plant extracts of three species were then subject to   antioxidant activity test based on free radical blocking of 1,1-Difenil-2-Pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) qualitatively and quantitatively using Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry. The results showed the methanol extract of M. beccarii, Myrmecodia sp. and Hydnophytum sp. were active as antioxidants with IC50 from 8.18 ppm, 21.79 ppm, 25.31 ppm, respectively while Vitamin C as a control has IC50 7.85 ppm. In conclusion, three  plant species of sarangsemut are potential  as natural antioxidant and plant extracts of M. beccarii showed the highest antioxidant activity among others. Key words: Antioxidant, sarang semut plants, Rubiaceae, DPPH. Â
Parang Romang (Boehmeria virgata (Frost.) Guill.): Correlation of Phytochemistry with Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities
No full textSecondary metabolites such as phenolic and flavonoid from the plant are essential in their activity, especially activities related to the prevention of oxidation and the inhibition of xanthine oxidase. One plant that is believed to have prevention of oxidation and XOI and correlates with secondary metabolites is parang romang. The purpose of this study is to assess the antioxidant capacity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of parang romang, and to examine their relationship with the TPC and TFC. Total phenolic and flavonoid were measured for all parts, and the DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods determined antioxidant capacity. The activity of xanthine oxidase inhibition was also assessed. Flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarin were found in parang romang. The steroid/triterpenoid was found in the stem, leaves, and flower; saponin was in the roots and flower; quinone and tannin were only in the roots. The root gave the highest of TPC, while the flower had the highest TFC. The highest antioxidant capacity was found in roots, leaves, flowers, and stems. The highest xanthine oxidase inhibitory was given by leaves (9.74±0.14 µg/ml), followed by flower, steam, and rood. The correlation was shown between the phenolic and flavonoid quantities and the actions of antioxidants and xanthine oxidase inhibitors
Comparison of antioxidant activities from four species of piper
No full textSome species from Piper genus were known for traditional medicine and ornamental plant. Previous studies showed that Piper betle and Piper acre had antioxidant activities. But, the study of antioxidant activity from other species of Piper was still limited. The purposes of this study were to determine the antioxidant activity, and total flavonoid content of Piper nigrum, Piper aduncum, Piper retrofractum, and Piper crocatum. Extraction was done by gradient maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as solvents. The extracts were concentrated by rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free scavenging method. Total flavonoid determination was done by colorimetry method using aluminum chloride (AlCl3) as a reagent. The result showed that the IC50 values of Piper nigrum, Piper aduncum, Piper retrofractum, and Piper crocatum extracted by different solvents were ranged between 58-1249 μg/mL. The total flavonoid values of all extracts were between 1.4-8.3 mg QE/100 mg. The extract which had the strongest antioxidant activity was the ethanol extract of Piper nigrum with an IC50 value was 57.72 μg/mL. The highest values of total flavonoid was showed by the ethanol extract of Piper aduncum which was 8.3 mg QE/100 mg extract
