5,109 research outputs found
Biography of Ceerno Ndiaye Ba
No full textThis manuscript is a biography of Ceerno Ndiaye Ba Bababe, in Mauritania. It is one of a series of biographies that the author has written about Islamic leaders in West Africa.Ce manuscrit est une biographie de Ceerno Ndiaye Ba Bababe, en Mauritanie. Elle fait partie d'une série de biographies que l'auteur a écrites sur les dirigeants islamiques en Afrique de l'Ouest
Poems of Sheikh Muhammad al-Ghaly Ba
No full textThis volume contains seven poems handwritten by Muhammad al-Ghāli Ba. According to the author's son, Mountaga Ba, the poems were probably composed in the mid-1970s a time when the author lived in Mauritania, while working at the country's national radio station and serving as a special counsel to then president Moktar Ould Daddah (1924–2003). The poems adress various issues. The first is a call to action addressed to the Mauritianian youth, urging them to join in the collective work for the development of the country. The second poem is a hagiography on Ceerno Ahmad Nene Ba of Kaedi (Mauritania). The poem eulogizes the virtues of the patron. The third describes the event of Sharif Muhammad al-Habib's visit to the region of Fuuta region (Senegal), namely the village of Pate Galo. The fourth poem contains greetings and expresions of love addressed to the author's friends in the town of Kaedi. The fifth poem is a remembrance about good times. The author reminisces and praises the qualities of a woman named Jaari.The sixth poem describes one afternoon journey of the author. The seventh poem is a mournful praisesong in which the author laments the loss of a cherished person.Ce volume contient sept poèmes manuscrits de Muhammad al-Ghāli Ba. Selon le fils de l'auteur, Mountaga Ba, les poèmes ont probablement été composés au milieu des années 1970, à une époque où l'auteur vivait en Mauritanie, alors qu'il travaillait à la radio nationale du pays et était conseiller spécial du président de l'époque, Moktar Ould Daddah (1924). –2003). Les poèmes abordent diverses questions. Le premier est un appel à l'action adressé aux jeunes mauriciens, les exhortant à s'associer au travail collectif pour le développement du pays. Le deuxième poème est une hagiographie sur Ceerno Ahmad Nene Ba de Kaedi (Mauritanie). Le poème fait l'éloge des vertus du mécène. Le troisième décrit l'événement de la visite de Sharif Muhammad al-Habib dans la région de la région de Fuuta (Sénégal), à savoir le village de Pate Galo. Le quatrième poème contient des salutations et des expressions d'amour adressées aux amis de l'auteur dans la ville de Kaedi. Le cinquième poème est un souvenir des bons moments. L'auteur rappelle et loue les qualités d'une femme nommée Jaari. Le sixième poème décrit un après-midi de voyage de l'auteur. Le septième poème est une louange mélancolique dans laquelle l'auteur déplore la perte d'une personne chérie
Longitudinal analysis of serum neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 in patients receiving monoclonal antibodies
No full textThe emergence of Omicron sublineages impacts the therapeutic efficacy of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here, we evaluate neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities of 6 therapeutic mAbs against Delta, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5. The Omicron subvariants escape most antibodies but remain sensitive to bebtelovimab and cilgavimab. Consistent with their shared spike sequence, BA.4 and BA.5 display identical neutralization profiles. Sotrovimab is the most efficient at eliciting ADCC. We also analyze 121 sera from 40 immunocompromised individuals up to 6 months after infusion of Ronapreve (imdevimab + casirivimab) or Evusheld (cilgavimab + tixagevimab). Sera from Ronapreve-treated individuals do not neutralize Omicron subvariants. Evusheld-treated individuals neutralize BA.2 and BA.5, but titers are reduced. A longitudinal evaluation of sera from Evusheld-treated patients reveals a slow decay of mAb levels and neutralization, which is faster against BA.5. Our data shed light on antiviral activities of therapeutic mAbs and the duration of effectiveness of Evusheld pre-exposure prophylaxis
Boundary Algebra: A Simpler Approach to Boolean Algebra and the Sentential Connectives
No full textBoundary algebra [BA] is a algebra of type , and a simplified notation for Spencer-Brown’s (1969) primary algebra. The syntax of the primary arithmetic [PA] consists of two atoms, () and the blank page, concatenation, and enclosure between ‘(‘ and ‘)’, denoting the primitive notion of distinction. Inserting letters denoting, indifferently, the presence or absence of () into a PA formula yields a BA formula. The BA axioms are A1: ()()= (), and A2: “(()) [abbreviated ‘⊥’] may be written or erased at will,” implying (⊥)=(). The repeated application of A1 and A2 simplifies any PA formula to either () or ⊥. The basis for BA is B1: abc=bca (concatenation commutes & associates); B2, ⊥a=a (BA has a lower bound, ⊥); B3, (a)a=() (BA is a complemented lattice); and B4, (ba)a=(b)a (implies that BA is a distributive lattice). BA has two intended models: (1) the Boolean algebra 2 with base set B={(),⊥}, such that () ⇔ 1 [dually 0], (a) ⇔ a′, and ab ⇔ a∪b [a∩b]; and (2) sentential logic, such that () ⇔ true [false], (a) ⇔ ~a, and ab ⇔ a∨b [a∧b]. BA is a self-dual notation, facilitates a calculational style of proof, and simplifies clausal reasoning and Quine’s truth value analysis. BA resembles C.S. Peirce’s graphical logic, the symbolic logics of Leibniz and W.E. Johnson, the 2 notation of Byrne (1946), and the Boolean term schemata of Quine (1982).Boundary algebra; boundary logic; primary algebra; primary arithmetic; Boolean algebra; calculation proof; G. Spencer-Brown; C.S. Peirce; existential graphs
Monitoring of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1/BA.2 lineage transition in the Swedish population reveals increased viral RNA levels in BA.2 cases
No full textBACKGROUND: Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple waves of variants of concern have swept across populations, leading to a chain of new and yet more contagious variants dominating COVID-19 cases. Here, we tracked the remarkably rapid shift from Omicron BA.1 to BA.2 sublineage dominance in the Swedish population in early 2022 at a day-by-day basis. METHODS: Using a custom SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 lineage-typing RT-PCR assay, we analyzed 174,933 clinical upper airway samples collected during January to March 2022. FINDINGS: Our study demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of parallel lineage assignment of select variants at population scale, tracking the dominant sublineage transition from BA.1 to BA.2 at day-to-day resolution and uncovering nearly 2-fold higher levels of viral RNA in cases infected with Omicron BA.2 relative to BA.1. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide unique insights into the Omicron BA.1 to BA.2 transition that occurred in Sweden during early 2022, and later, across the world. This may help to understand the increased transmissibility of the BA.2 variant
[[alternative]]A Pedagogical Grammar of the Chinese Disposal(Ba) Construction
No full text[[abstract]]Current pedagogical grammar of the Chinese disposal construction (ba) is based on Shou-hsin Teng’s theoretical framework and methodology in his A Pedagogical Grammar of Chinese (2003), which draws on 7,710 examples from a corpus of authentic material and theoretical linguistics/grammar research, and emphasizes the learner as a crucial parameter, providing an exhaustive description of the Chinese disposal construction. In my thesis, I identify three semantic functions of the Chinese disposal construction based on Teng’s theoretical framework: disposal, accidental, and causative. (The disposal semantic function comprises 94.53% of the 7,288 examples in the Academia Sinica Corpus.) Additionally, I seek to establish seven basic sub-structures of the disposal construction: ba 1) S ba OV + aspect; ba 2) S ba OV + result; ba 3) S ba OV + goal; ba 4) S ba OV + direction; ba 5) S ba OV + extent; ba 6) S ba OV + range; ba 7) S ba OV + reduplication.
Drawing on Teng’s principles regarding multiple sequences and the assessment of the difficulty grammar of points, I posit eight principles for assessing the difficulty of seven disposal construction sub-structures, and order such sub-structures according to their level of difficulty; in so doing, I assess the sequencing, pedagogical stages, and grading of the sub-structures, and create a model for disposal construction pedagogy which includes a series of computer-based, task-oriented scenarios. I believe my thesis can help bridge the gap between the fields of pedagogical grammar and pedagogy, and provide a discursive platform on which relevant issues can be further examined. Hopefully, my research and the potential discursive platform arising from it will lend themselves to discrediting the common belief that disposal construction pedagogy is best formulated according to an educator’s personal experiences. This thesis thereby situates the pedagogy of the disposal construction firmly in the realm of empirical science. Additionally, I seek to help educators to develop their pedagogical methodology according to my sequence of the disposal construction, and to systematically improve their teaching methods. In so doing, educators will enable second language learners not only to fully grasp the disposal construction and other related grammar points, but also to grasp the entirety of the Chinese grammar system. Thus they will ultimately allow learners to actively engage speakers of the target language in an appropriate, effective manner.
‘Ba’ for effective knowledge management: in the era of digitalization in construction organisations
No full textThis study aims to explore what design of ‘ba’, the Japanese concept which translates into ‘place’ or ‘space’ in English, facilitates effective knowledge creation in construction organisations. Although many scholars have investigated the field of knowledge management in construction organisations, few have focused on ‘ba’, where the knowledge creation process takes place (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1998). ‘Ba’ is defined as ‘a shared context in which knowledge is shared, created and utilised (Nonaka et al., 2000)’, and ‘ba’ can be physical (e.g. meeting rooms), virtual (e.g. e-mails), and even mental space (e.g. shared values). Although ‘ba’ has been recognised as the essential part of knowledge creation, it is not fully clear what design of ‘ba’ can facilitate organisational knowledge creation better due to its ambiguity and intractability. Moreover, new ICT tools have emerged and used for ‘ba’ since the concept was first introduced in the 1990s, and the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of virtual environments in business. Also, few examined the impact of individuals’ traits such as generational differences in values and Belbin team roles on ‘ba’. Therefore, exploring ‘ba’ in accordance with the above aspects can contribute to enhancing knowledge creation in organisations. This research is divided into three parts: literature study, qualitative data collection and analysis, and recommendations. In the literature study, the conceptual model of ‘ba’ is reconstructed based on the extant literature in order to clarify the nature of ‘ba’. The model suggests the nature of ‘ba’ is “a shared space given meaning by inter-subjective relationships and inter-corporeal relationships”. Moreover, the four categories of enabling conditions that stimulate ‘ba’ are identified, namely social/behavioural, cognitive/epistemic, information systems, and strategy/structure. Subsequently, the empirical data obtained by semi-structured interviews with East Japan Railway Company show both physical and virtual ‘ba’ are used in the organisation. Comparing physical ‘ba’ with virtual ‘ba’, most informants described that physical ‘ba’ that allows face-to-face communication is appropriate for knowledge creation activities. Sharing the physical space allows participants to convey their ideas adequately with inter-corporeal interaction. As the construction industry heavily depends on tacit knowledge due to its intrinsic nature, the environment where tacit knowledge conversion is easily taken place is considered effective for knowledge creation. Also, focusing on individuals’ characteristics specifically generation differences and Belbin orientation, these variables do not affect the perception of ‘ba’ that facilitates knowledge creation. On the other hand, organisational tenure may indirectly influence the perception of ‘ba’ since most of the interviewees have worked for a long time within the same organisation and the organisation’s values and philosophy can be steeped in their minds as their tenures increased. Finally, recommendations were developed to facilitate the knowledge-creating process by combining the results of the literature study and empirical study. The following three key recommendations were proposed: design 'ba' with corporeality; complement the lack of corporeality; Clarify the meaning of ‘ba’. Civil Engineering | Construction Management and Engineerin
Composition guidée de services : application aux workflows d’analyse de données en bio-informatique
No full textIn scientific domains, particularly in bioinformatics, elementary services are composed as workflows to perform complex data analysis experiments. Due to the heterogeneity of resources, the composition of services is a difficult task. Users, when composing workflows, lack assistance to find and interconnect compatible services. Existing solutions use special services manually defined to manage data format conversions between the inputs and outputs of services in workflows, it is difficult for an end user. Managing service incompatibilities with manual converters is time-consuming and heavy. There are automated solutions to facilitate composing workflows but they are generally limited in the guidance and the data adaptation between services they offer. The first contribution of this thesis proposes to systematically detect convertibility from outputs to inputs of services. Convertibility detection relies on a rule system based on an abstraction of input and output types of services. Type abstraction enables to consider the nature and the composition of input and output data. Rules enable decomposition and composition as well as specialization and generalization of types. They also enable to generate data converters to use between services in workflows. The second contribution proposes an interactive approach that enables to guide users to compose workflows by providing suggestions of compatible services and links based on convertibility of input and output types of services. The approach is based on the framework of Logical Information Systems (LIS) that enables safe and guided requests and navigation on data represented with a uniform logic. With our approach, composition of workflows is safe and complete w.r.t. desired properties. The results and experiences, conducted on bioinformatics services and datatypes, show the relevance of our approaches. Our approaches offer adapted mechanisms to manage service incompatibilities in workflows, by taking into account the composite structure of inputs and outputs data. They enable to guide, step by step, users to define well-formed workflows through relevant suggestions.Dans les domaines scientifiques, particulièrement en bioinformatique, des services élémentaires sont composés sous forme de workflows pour effectuer des expériences d’analyse de données complexes. À cause de l’hétérogénéité des ressources, la composition de services est une tâche difficile. Les utilisateurs, en composant des workflows, manquent d’assistance pour retrouver et interconnecter les services compatibles. Les solutions existantes utilisent des services spéciaux définis de manière manuelle pour gérer les conversions de formats de données entre les entrées et sorties des services dans les workflows. Cela est pénible pour un utilisateur final. Gérer les incompatibilités des services avec des convertisseurs manuels prend du temps et est lourd. Il existe des solutions automatisées pour faciliter la composition de workflows mais elles sont généralement limitées dans le guidage et l’adaptation des données entre services. La première contribution de cette thèse propose de détecter systématiquement la convertibilité des sorties vers les entrées des services. La détection de convertibilité repose sur un système de règles basé sur une abstraction des types d’entrée et sortie des services. L’abstraction de types permet de considérer la nature et la composition des données d’entrée et sortie. Les règles permettent la décomposition et la composition ainsi que la spécialisation et la généralisation de types. Elles permettent également de générer des convertisseurs de données à utiliser entre services dans les workflows. La deuxième contribution propose une approche interactive qui permet de guider des utilisateurs à composer des workflows en fournissant des suggestions de services et de liaisons compatibles basées sur la convertibilité de types d’entrée et sortie des services. L’approche est basée sur le modèle des Systèmes d’Information Logiques (LIS) qui permettent des requêtes et une navigation guidées et sûres sur des données représentées avec une logique uniforme. Avec notre approche, la composition de workflows est sûre et complète vis-à-vis de propriétés désirées. Les résultats et les expériences, effectués sur des services et des types de données en bioinformatique, montrent la pertinence de nos approches. Nos approches offrent des mécanismes adaptés pour gérer les incompatibilités de services dans les workflows, en prenant en compte la structure composite des données d’entrée et sortie. Elles permettent également de guider, étape par étape, des utilisateurs à définir des workflows bien formés à travers des suggestions pertinentes
Régimes de change et croissance économique : le cas des pays de la Communauté Economique Des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Oust (CEDEAO)
No full textThe objective of this paper is to show the effect of exchange rate regimes and exchange rate regime change on economic growth and the probability of countries to change exchange rate regime. The econometric evaluation using the OLS method under panel data reveals that the flexible exchange rate regime and the change in exchange rate regime promote economic growth in the ECOWAS countries over the study period 1980-2014. This implies that the ECOWAS countries have an interest in moving towards the single currency under the flexible regime and that the WAEMU countries must leave the fixed parity because the change in the exchange rate regime promotes economic growth
Régimes de changes, croissance, emploi et liberté monétaire dans les pays de la CEDEAO
No full textCe papier analyse les effets des régimes de change sur la croissance, l’emploi et la liberté monétaire. L’analyse porte sur un échantillon de 15 pays de la CEDEAO et est menée sur la période 1980-2014. L’évaluation économétrique recourt aux moindre carrés ordinaires (MCO) et aux moindre carrés généralisés (MCG). Les résultats de l’étude révèlent que le régime de change flexible favorise la croissance. Tandis que le régime de change fixe est défavorable à l’emploi et à la liberté monétaire. L’adoption du régime de change dans les pays de la CEDEAO doit porter la priorité sur la croissance économique. La perspective de recherche porte sur les voies de sortie des pays de l’UEMOA de la parité fixe sans de considérables dommages
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