515 research outputs found
The correspondence of Mr Adam Małachowski between 1724 and 1767
No full textMr Adam Małachowski (about 1706-1767) is a characteristic representative of Saxonic
period. He was an active member of Seym, advocate of liberum veto and wanted to preserve
the rights and privileges of noblemen. Also, he was often elected to Seym, tribunals and
deputations. Although he did not succeed in getting a senatorial seat, he was a remarkable
figure in Parliament thanks to his relations with political parties and nobility in many provinces.
Letters of many persons who wrote to him in different matters have been preserved to
the present day. Most of the correspondence concerned political problems including the one
with Mr Jan Klemens Branicki - the great royal hetman, Mr Jerzy Mniszech - the great
royal major domo, Mr Tomasz Sołtyk - the voivode in Łęczyca and Mr Kajetan Sołtyk - the
bishop in Kijów. These letters reflect Mr Malachowski’s connections with the political parties
of Mr Branicki and Mr Mniszech as well as the mechanisms of mutual influence of magnate
and a nobleman. A different type of correspondence are the letters from Mr A. Antoszewski,
Mr Gordon - the superintendent of the Royal Treasury or Mr Wojciech Piastuszyński - the
steward of an estate in Chwałowice. The main subject of these letters are the problem related
to economy with political and regional information fairly often accompanying them.
Political and family subjects are also to be found in the letters of Peter and Stanislaus
Małachowscy - Adam’s sons. Besides abundant correspondence there are single letters or two
and three written by one author. The main themes here are the requests for a candidate’s
support to an office, different cases tried in tribunals or the requests for the future
remembrance. Thanks to studies on Mr Adam Malachowski’s correspondence, we have far
more information about the person himself as well as the role he played in the community
of noblemen. We can assume that he was a close and valuable ally for magnates. For many
people in the community of noblemen he was the man who could help somebody in getting
promotion, he could give support for a given case tried in tribunals or just do another favour.Zadanie pt. Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę
The correspondence of Mr Adam Małachowski between 1724 and 1767
No full textMr Adam Małachowski (about 1706-1767) is a characteristic representative of Saxonic period. He was an active member of Seym, advocate of liberum veto and wanted to preserve the rights and privileges of noblemen. Also, he was often elected to Seym, tribunals and deputations. Although he did not succeed in getting a senatorial seat, he was a remarkable figure in Parliament thanks to his relations with political parties and nobility in many provinces.
Letters of many persons who wrote to him in different matters have been preserved to the present day. Most of the correspondence concerned political problems including the one with Mr Jan Klemens Branicki - the great royal hetman, Mr Jerzy Mniszech - the great royal major domo, Mr Tomasz Sołtyk - the voivode in Łęczyca and Mr Kajetan Sołtyk - the bishop in Kijów. These letters reflect Mr Malachowski’s connections with the political parties of Mr Branicki and Mr Mniszech as well as the mechanisms of mutual influence of magnate and a nobleman. A different type of correspondence are the letters from Mr A. Antoszewski, Mr Gordon - the superintendent of the Royal Treasury or Mr Wojciech Piastuszyński - the steward of an estate in Chwałowice. The main subject of these letters are the problem related to economy with political and regional information fairly often accompanying them.
Political and family subjects are also to be found in the letters of Peter and Stanislaus Małachowscy - Adam’s sons. Besides abundant correspondence there are single letters or two and three written by one author. The main themes here are the requests for a candidate’s support to an office, different cases tried in tribunals or the requests for the future remembrance. Thanks to studies on Mr Adam Malachowski’s correspondence, we have far more information about the person himself as well as the role he played in the community of noblemen. We can assume that he was a close and valuable ally for magnates. For many people in the community of noblemen he was the man who could help somebody in getting promotion, he could give support for a given case tried in tribunals or just do another favour
The Oath of Office
No full textAdam Braver is the author of Mr. Lincoln\u27s Wars, Divine Sarah, and Crows Over the Wheatfield. His work has appeared in journals such as Daedalus, Harvard Review, Cimarron Review, Water-Stone Review, West Branch, and Post Road. He teaches at Roger Williams University in Bristol, RI, and is a Writer-in-Residence at the NY State Summer Writers Institute. His latest book, November 22, 1963, will be published in November 2008
The political economy of trade and growth: an analytical interpretation of sir James Steuart's inquiry
No full textSir James Steuart (1713-80) has been unduly neglected by the majority of historians of economic thought. This study aims at casting a new light upon his original thought to provide a basis for the revaluation of his contribution to the development of economic discipline. The present interpretation of his Inquiry (1767) reveals that his political economy contains not only fresh new ideas and path-breaking thinking for his time but also most major ingredients of modem economics. Firmly based on the recognition of the interdependence of economic sectors and social classes, he clearly grasped the circular system of production, distribution and consumption in the exchange economy. He discerned between the 'profit upon alienation' and the 'real value' of commodities in their current price' determined in the markets. He emphasized the 'balance of work and demand', secured by the 'double competition' among the sellers and buyers of commodities, for the efficient allocation of economic resources. On these foundations, Steuart established his theory of output, employment and population in terms of the notion of 'effectual demand'. His economic analysis culminates in his discussions of economic growth and foreign trade. He linked the limitations of the former to the benefits of the latter. Meanwhile, refuting his predecessors' quantity theory, Steuart presented what might be called the production-consumption theory of money, according to which money is not neutral to the determination of the level of output in an exchange economy. His theory of international money also takes on modernity, as it adopts an absorption approach to the balance of payments. Steuart's monetary analysis comes complete with his argument for government's active finance. The state interventionism underlying the whole of Steuart's political economy is seen as its logical conclusion, rather than a mere assumption. Thus, it is suggested that the ultimate message of his Inquiry is neither laissez faire nor centa-al planning
Competing models of socially constructed economic man : differentiating Defoe's Crusoe from the Robinson of neoclassical economics
No full textDaniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe has seldom been read as an explicitly political text. When it has, it appears that the central character was designed to warn the early eighteenth-century reader against political challenges to the existing economic order. Insofar as Defoe’s Crusoe stands for "economic man", he is a reflection of historically-produced assumptions about the need for social conformity, not the embodiment of any genuinely essential economic characteristics. This insight is used to compare Defoe’s conception of economic man with that of the neoclassical Robinson Crusoe economy. On the most important of the ostensibly generic principles espoused by neoclassical theorists, their "Robinson" has no parallels with Defoe’s Crusoe. Despite the shared name, two quite distinct social constructions serve two equally distinct pedagogical purposes. Defoe’s Crusoe extols the virtues of passive middle-class sobriety for effective social organisation; the neoclassical Robinson champions the establishment of markets for the sake of productive efficiency
Environmental and Parental Influences on Offspring Health and Growth in Great Tits (Parus major)
No full textPMCID: PMC3728352This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Adam Małachowski i listy do niego z lat 1724-1767 w zbiorach Ossolineum
No full textMr Adam Małachowski (about 1706-1767) is a characteristic representative of Saxonic period. He was an active member of Seym, advocate of liberum veto and wanted to preserve the rights and privileges of noblemen. Also, he was often elected to Seym, tribunals and deputations. Although he did not succeed in getting a senatorial seat, he was a remarkable figure in Parliament thanks to his relations with political parties and nobility in many provinces.
Letters of many persons who wrote to him in different matters have been preserved to the present day. Most of the correspondence concerned political problems including the one with Mr Jan Klemens Branicki – the great royal hetman, Mr Jerzy Mniszech – the great royal major domo, Mr Tomasz Sołtyk – the voivode in Łęczyca and Mr Kajetan Sołtyk - the bishop in Kijów. These letters reflect Mr Malachowski’s connections with the political parties of Mr Branicki and Mr Mniszech as well as the mechanisms of mutual influence of magnate and a nobleman. A different type of correspondence are the letters from Mr A. Antoszewski, Mr Gordon – the superintendent of the Royal Treasury or Mr Wojciech Piastuszyński – the steward of an estate in Chwałowice. The main subject of these letters are the problem related to economy with political and regional information fairly often accompanying them.
Political and family subjects are also to be found in the letters of Peter and Stanislaus Małachowscy - Adam’s sons. Besides abundant correspondence there are single letters or two and three written by one author. The main themes here are the requests for a candidate’s support to an office, different cases tried in tribunals or the requests for the future remembrance. Thanks to studies on Mr Adam Malachowski’s correspondence, we have far more information about the person himself as well as the role he played in the community of noblemen. We can assume that he was a close and valuable ally for magnates. For many people in the community of noblemen he was the man who could help somebody in getting promotion, he could give support for a given case tried in tribunals or just do another favour
Expressive Things in Adam Bede
No full textA drop of ink is the first thing in the first sentence of George Eliot\u27s first novel: \u27With a single drop of ink for a mirror, the Egyptian sorcerer undertakes to reveal to any chance corner farreaching visions of the past.\u27 Like many objects in Adam Bede, this one is more complicated than first appears. In its generalized imaging of magical creation, ritual and prophesy, it is an invocation, introducing and solemnizing the other object with which it is twinned and compared, the real drop of ink at the end of the author\u27s pen which has actually written this sorcerer\u27s ink-drop into existence: \u27This is what I undertake to do for you, reader. With this drop of ink at the end of my pen, I will show you the roomy workshop of Mr. Jonathan Burge. .\u27. Two ink-drops, one impersonal and \u27single\u27, the other particular and the first of many, compound an elaborate creative fiat, and the movement from the first drop to the second forms a suggestive and apt paradigm of the ordinary magic of fictional transformation, as it creates an imaginative expansion from the small convex drop of ink on the pen, the tool of this author\u27s trade, via the sorcerer\u27s apparatus of ink-drop-mirror, to the large interior space of Jonathan Burge\u27s workshop, which contains the carpenters and the unobtrusively introduced tools of their trade - plane, hammer, screwdriver, chisel- with the objects they are making. The first drop of ink starts a move from the brilliantly self-conscious introduction of the artist to the actual work of writing the first scene, set in a workroom. The whole exercise makes a quiet, cunning, democratic and wonderfully unsentimental link between three acts of making, the sorcerer\u27s, the novelist\u27s and the carpenter\u27s - apparently but not actually in that order, because in this narrative conjuring trick the writer\u27s ink-drop precedes but also succeeds the sorcerer\u27s. That significant \u27single\u27 shows the artist\u27s playful awareness of what she is doing, and \u27roomy\u27 describes the ink-drop on her pen as well as the workshop. George Eliot\u27s creativity is self-delighting, as it embodies knowledge and thought in dynamic, affective and sensuous forms.
The things in the narrative introduction and in the workshop, the tools (pen, plane, hammer, screw, and others unnamed) and the objects being made (novel, carved shield, door, and others undesignated), are part of a formal but discreet presentation of narrator and workmen. The fictional characters are variously and sufficiently introduced through their making: Adam\u27s skilled carving of a shield, Seth\u27s forgetfulness about door-panels, and the plane, screwdriver and hammer thrown down by the three other men on the first stroke of six. The writer\u27s inkdrop is a powerful nonce object (though with links beyond this novel to Marian Evans\u27s actual pens and several fictional ones),2 but the carpenter\u27s tools and work turn up in later scenes: Adam makes two coffins and a firescreen, and promises to mend a spinning-wheel; Arthur remembers making superfluous thread-reels and round boxes when he was a boy being taught carpentry by Adam; in a second moment of absent-mindedness, Seth forgets a basket of tools which is picked up by Adam and dropped before he attacks Arthur in the wood; Seth is making a workbox for Dinah, just before Lisbeth mentions her attachment to Adam, but we never see him finishing or giving it. The metaphor of carpentry flows into idiolect and sociolect: \u27You don\u27 see such women turned off the wheel every day\u27 (Ch. 14)
The role of mesoscopic modelling in understanding the response of dental enamel to mid-infrared radiation
No full textHuman dental enamel has a porous mesostructure at the nanometre to micrometre scales that affects its thermal and mechanical properties relevant to laser treatment. We exploit finite-element models to investigate the response of this mesostructured enamel to mid-infrared lasers (CO2 at 10.6 mu m and Er:YAG at 2.94 mu m). Our models might easily be adapted to investigate ablation of other brittle composite materials. The studies clarify the role of pore water in ablation, and lead to an understanding of the different responses of enamel to CO2 and Er:YAG lasers, even though enamel has very similar average properties at the two wavelengths. We are able to suggest effective operating parameters for dental laser ablation, which should aid the introduction of minimally-invasive laser dentistry. In particular, our results indicate that, if pulses of approximate to 10 mu s are used, the CO2 laser can ablate dental enamel without melting, and with minimal damage to the pulp of the tooth. Our results also suggest that pulses with 0.1-1 mu s duration can induce high stress transients which may cause unwanted cracking
Theology in suspense : how the detective fiction of P.D. James provokes theological thought
No full textElectronic redacted version excludes material for which permission has not been granted by the rights holderThe following dissertation argues that the detective fiction of P.D. James
provokes her readers to think theologically. I present evidence from the body of
James’s work, including her detective fiction that features the Detective Adam
Dalgliesh, as well as her other novels, autobiography, and non-fiction work. I also
present a brief history of detective fiction. This history provides the reader with a
better understanding of how P.D James is influenced by the detective genre as well as
how she stands apart from the genre’s traditions.
This dissertation relies on an interview that I conducted with P.D. James in
November, 2008. During the interview, I asked James how Christianity has
influenced her detective fiction and her responses greatly contribute to this
dissertation. However, James’s novels should be interpreted and explored in the
manner that they are received by the reader. How the reader receives and responds to
the novels, not only how James writes the novels, is what causes her stories to
provoke theological thinking.
By examining Christian symbolism that is present in setting, character, the
Detective Adam Dalgliesh, and plot, this dissertation seeks to assert that James
contributes to a theological conversation through her popular detective fiction
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