86 research outputs found
Generation of lossy mode resonances (LMR) using perovskite nanofilms
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.The results presented here show for the first time the experimental demonstration of the fabrication of lossy mode resonance (LMR) devices based on perovskite coatings deposited on planar waveguides. Perovskite thin films have been ob-tained by means of the spin coating technique and their presence was confirmed by ellipsometry, scanning electron mi-croscopy, and X-ray diffraction testing. The LMRs can be generated in a wide wavelength range and the experimental results agree with the theoretical simulations. Overall, this study highlights the potential of perovskite thin films for the development of novel LMR-based devices that can be used for environmental monitoring, industrial sensing, and gas de-tection, among other applications.Peer reviewe
miRNA-34 and miRNA-210 target hexamerin genes enhancing their differential expression during early brain development of honeybee (Apis mellifera) castes
No full textDuring the honeybee larval stage, queens develop larger brains than workers, with morphological differentiation appearing at the fourth larval phase (L4), just after a boost in nutritional difference both prospective females experience. The molecular promoters of this caste-specific brain development are already ongoing in previous larval phases. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a set of differentially expressed genes in the L3 brains of queens and workers, which represents the early molecular response to differential feeding females receive during larval development. Three genes of this set, hex70b, hex70c and hex110, are more highly transcribed in the brain of workers than in queens. The microRNAs miR-34, miR-210 and miR-317 are in higher levels in the queens' brain at the same phase of larval development. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the brain of workers expresses higher levels of hexamerins than that of queens during key phases of larval development and that this differential hexamerin genes expression is further enhanced by the repressing activity of miR-34, miR-210 and miR-317. Our transcriptional analyses showed that hex70b, hex70c and hex110 genes are differentially expressed in the brain of L3 and L4 larval phases of honeybee queens and workers. In silico reconstructed miRNA-mRNA interaction networks were validated using luciferase assays, which showed miR-34 and miR-210 negatively regulate hex70b and hex110 genes by directly and redundantly binding their 3'UTR (untranslated region) sequences. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-34 and miR-210 act together promoting differential brain development in honeybee castes by downregulating the expression of the putative antineurogenic hexamerin genes hex70b and hex110.No Full Tex
Managing living marine resources in a dynamic environment: The role of seasonal to decadal climate forecasts
No full textRecent developments in global dynamical climate prediction systems have allowed for skillful predictions of climate variables relevant to living marine resources (LMRs) at a scale useful to understanding and managing LMRs. Such predictions present opportunities for improved LMR management and industry operations, as well as new research avenues in fisheries science. LMRs respond to climate variability via changes in physiology and behavior. For species and systems where climate-fisheries links are well established, forecasted LMR responses can lead to anticipatory and more effective decisions, benefiting both managers and stakeholders. Here, we provide an overview of climate prediction systems and advances in seasonal to decadal prediction of marine-resource relevant environmental variables. We then describe a range of climate-sensitive LMR decisions that can be taken at lead-times of months to decades, before highlighting a range of pioneering case studies using climate predictions to inform LMR decisions. The success of these case studies suggests that many additional applications are possible. Progress, however, is limited by observational and modeling challenges. Priority developments include strengthening of the mechanistic linkages between climate and marine resource responses, development of LMR models able to explicitly represent such responses, integration of climate driven LMR dynamics in the multi-driver context within which marine resources exist, and improved prediction of ecosystemrelevant variables at the fine regional scales at which most marine resource decisions are made. While there are fundamental limits to predictability, continued advances in these areas have considerable potential to make LMR managers and industry decision more resilient to climate variability and help sustain valuable resources. Concerted dialog between scientists, LMR managers and industry is essential to realizing this potential.Peer reviewe
Suspended sediment properties in the Lower Mekong River, from fluvial to estuarine environments
No full textThe Mekong river is one of the largest rivers in the world, which flows through six countries of Southeast Asia (China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam). Its hydro-sedimentary regime is changing rapidly, as a consequence of a regional shift of land use (agriculture, road, etc.), damming, sand mining and climate changes, among others. This study assesses the behavior of particles transported in suspension in the Lower Mekong River (LMR), along approximately 1700 km from fluvial to estuarine environments. Suspended sediment properties were estimated, simultaneously with hydrodynamic conditions, during three field campaigns. In addition, further investigations were performed in the laboratory to assess the structures of particles (flocculated or not), their capacity to flocculate (and the impacts on siltation), under a wide range of sediment concentration (20–30,000 mg.L−1). This study confirms that suspended sediment transported in the LMR are predominantly (75% by volume) flocculi (or freshly eroded soils aggregates), with median aggregated particle size in the range 10–20 μm and median settling velocity of the order of 0.01–0.1 mm s−1. These flocculi are robust under the hydrodynamic conditions (turbulence and suspended sediment concentration – SSC) existing in the LMR. Laboratory investigations reveal the existence of a threshold sediment concentration (400 mg.L−1), beyond which flocculation and sedimentation increase of orders of magnitudes. Thus, concentration that exceeds this threshold might promote the formation of so-called fluid mud layers. Because of the nonlinear response of flocculation and sedimentation with SSC and considering the ongoing changes at a regional scale in the LMR, higher occurrence of fluid mud layers in the fluvial upstream waterbodies might be anticipated, and a lower occurrence in estuaries and alongshore where the concentration decrease. The geomorphology could be impacted, with an over-siltation in dams and an exacerbated erosion of the muddy-mangrove coast.Accepted author manuscriptMathematical Physic
Association of inflammatory biomarkers with long-term outcomes after curative surgery for mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Get PDFPurpose Inflammatory biomarkers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are reportedly predictive of the long-term outcomes of several cancers. We evaluated their correlations with the post-surgical long-term outcomes of patients with mass-forming (MF) intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods The subjects of this study were 52 patients who underwent hepatic resection for MF-ICC at our hospital. We measured the cutoff values of NLR, LMR and PLR, using receiver operating characteristic curves, and compared the survival rates of patients with high vs. those with low values. We also evaluated a prognostic scoring system based on significant inflammatory biomarkers. Results The cutoff values for NLR, LMR, and PLR were 1.93, 4.78, and 98, respectively. The high-NLR and low-LMR groups had significantly worse prognoses than the low-NLR and high-LMR groups. We designed a scoring system using the inflammation score (IS) based on NLR and LMR values, stratifying patients into three groups with scores of 0, 1, or 2. The IS was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS), with 5-year survival rates by the IS score of 100% for 0, 61% for 1, and 32% for 2 (P = 0.011). The IS was found to be an independent predictor of OS in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Our IS scoring system may predict long-term outcomes after surgery for MF-ICC
Comparison of NLR,LMR,PLR, RDW, and Platelet count in hematological malignancies at baseline and at intervals of 2 months in patients undergoing chemotherapy
Get PDFBlood cancer has become quite common in all age groups, worldwide. The cancer ranges from acute life
threatening leukemias to indolent chronic leukemias, Lymphoma spillovers causing morbidity and mortality to
slow-growing indolent lymphomas. Since blood is present everywhere in the body hence the spread of
hematological malignancies is massive. Chemotherapy is expensive and a must to treat blood cancers. However,
the ancillary workups like flowcytometry etc in prognosticating and diagnosing blood cancers become quite
cumbersome and heavy on the pocket for an average Indian. Therefore, the authors planned the study aimed at
analyzing-
-Trend in NLR,LMR, PLR RDW, Platelet count at baseline
-Trend in NLR,LMR, PLR RDW, Platelet count 2 months post-chemotherapy
-Comparison between 2 parameters for any significant change
The study was carried out on 11 cases as a prospective case-based study of 11 cases where pre and post-values of
chemotherapy cases of newly diagnosed blood cancer cases were available with the author. The baseline CBC and
post-induction 1 st CBC were used to record the variables under study and latest SPSS software was used to come
to a conclusion through the results.
The findings stated that there was a decline in NLR, PLR and platelet count at follow-up as compared to baseline
and an increase in LMR and RDW at follow-up as compared to baseline, however, the difference was significant
statistically only for PLR (p=0.028) and near significant (p=0.059) for platelet count.
Hence in view of significant findings seen only in 11 cases a larger cohort may be used to correlate these findings
with follow up of such cases
Pretreatment lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio as an independent prognostic factor for head and neck cancer
Get PDFBackground: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between pretreatment inflammatory markers and the prognosis of patients with oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers. Methods: The data for 285 patients treated with curative intent by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were obtained and their pretreatment inflammatory markers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were calculated. Results: Significant relationships were observed between a high NLR and oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer, T3 to T4, N2b to N3, and clinical stage III to IV, whereas significant relationships were observed between a high LMR and laryngeal cancer, T1 to T2, and clinical stage I to II. With regard to survival outcomes, a high NLR, a high PLR, and a low LMR were all significantly associated with decreases in overall survival OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that LMR was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion: Pretreatment LMR was found to be an independent prognostic factor for patients with head and neck cancers treated by concurrent CRT
Lossy Mode Resonance Excitation in Fiber-Optics: Applications in Biosensing
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s)The excitation of lossy mode resonance (LMR) in guided-wave optics is explored. Side-polished fibers underpin the LMR phenomenon with outstanding performance in biosensing applications. Limit of detection of the order of femtomolar has been demonstrated.Peer reviewe
Building confidence in projections of the responses of living marine resources to climate change
No full textThe Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change highlights that climate change and ocean acidification are challenging the sustainable management of living marine resources (LMRs). Formal and systematic treatment of uncertainty in existing LMR projections, however, is lacking. We synthesize knowledge of how to address different sources of uncertainty by drawing from climate model intercomparison efforts. We suggest an ensemble of available models and projections, informed by observations, as a starting point to quantify uncertainties. Such an ensemble must be paired with analysis of the dominant uncertainties over different spatial scales, time horizons, and metrics. We use two examples: (i) global and regional projections of Sea Surface Temperature and (ii) projection of changes in potential catch of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in the 21st century, to illustrate this ensemble model approach to explore different types of uncertainties. Further effort should prioritize understanding dominant, undersampled Dimensions of uncertainty, as well as the strategic collection of observations to quantify, and ultimately reduce, uncertainties. Our proposed framework will improve our understanding of future changes in LMR and the resulting risk of impacts to ecosystems and the societies under changing ocean conditions.Peer reviewe
Klasterizavimo panaudojimas muzikinių duomenų statistinėje analizėje
Get PDFIn this article author analyses musical works of Lithuanian compositors using statistical methods. Markov chains are used to describe compositions. Stationary distributions are used as feature vectors for clustering. A few interpretations of clusters are presented. Possibility to use feature vectors to identify the unknown author of composition is tested.Straipsnis skirtas Lietuvos kompozitorių kūrinių statistinei analizei. Kūriniams aprašyti naudojamos Markovo grandinės. Grandinių stacionarieji skirstiniai naudojami kaip požymių vektoriai tolimesnei kūrinių klasterinei analizei. Pateikiamos kelios gautų klasterių prasmės interpretacijos. Atliekamas bandymas identifikuoti nežinomą kūrinio autorių panaudojant požymių vektorių
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