151 research outputs found
Funeral Service for Alderman Samuel Lennard, 1901
No full textFuneral service for Alderman Samuel Lennard (Mayor of Leicester) - 1901
parts to it: an address delivered by Rev. F.B. Meyer, B.A.. Also the sermon preached by the Rev. W. Evans (2 Cor., v. 6-10), and the speeches of Alderman Lennard on his being appointed Chief Magistrate of the Borough (Borough of Leicester, meeting of the Town Council, November 9th, 1900) and at a Representative Meeting of Townspeople in connection with the Queen Victoria Memorial
Options for emissions reduction from power plants: An economic evaluation
No full textThe electric power sector is regarded globally as the major contributor to local air quality degradation and to global environmental impacts such as acid rain and greenhouse phenomenon. Several mitigation technologies are available to reduce the different emissions, mainly sulfur dioxide, from power plants. The most pronounced ones are switching to low-sulfur fuel oil, filtering stack emissions using flue gas desulfurization systems, and shifting to natural gas as an alternative fuel for thermal power plants. The objective of this paper is to present an economic model that can be used for evaluating and comparing the three alternatives under consideration, so as to determine the most economically feasible option taking into account various cost parameters. This evaluation will incorporate assessment on the environmental damages caused by these emissions and an economic model representing uncertainties in different parameters involved. A case study was conducted on an existing power plant including a sensitivity analysis to examine the impact of different parameters with high levels of uncertainty. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.ABBOUD N, 2000, INT J ENVIRON STUD, V57, P225, DOI 10.1080-00207230008711268; Burtraw D, 1997, COSTS BENEFITS REDUC; CHAABAN FB, 2002, WORLD RESOUR REV, V14, P88; Chedid R, 1999, INT J ENERG RES, V23, P303, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1099-114X(19990325)23:4303::AID-ER4793.0.CO;2-1; Chedid R, 2001, ENERG CONVERS MANAGE, V42, P373, DOI 10.1016-S0196-8904(00)00060-1; Ghaddar N, 1999, APPL ENERG, V63, P53, DOI 10.1016-S0306-2619(99)00018-5; HAFNER M, 1993, TRANSPORT GAZ NATURA; *INT EN AG, 1994, NAT GAS TRANSP PRG R; Jepma Catrinus J., 1998, CLIMATE CHANGE POLIC; LOTT R, NATURAL GAS STRATEGY; Mezher T, 1998, APPL ENERG, V61, P175, DOI 10.1016-S0306-2619(98)00043-9; Park C.S., 1997, CONT ENG EC; TAUD R, 2001, GAB TURBINE POWER PL; *TECHN, 2001, ALT FUL POW NAT GAS; 2001, INT ENERGY OUTLOOK 228191
Effects of recreation and environment upon the erosion of mountain footpaths in the Lake District National Park.
Get PDFIncreasing numbers of walkers in mountain areas have led to
concern about the deterioration of footpaths through the
erosion of vegetation and soil. Sites were established to monitor path erosion by repeated measurements of cross sections. Results demonstrated that although many sites were stable over a two year period, some deteriorated rapidly. Erosion by human agency and surface water run off proved equally effective under favourable conditions. Comparisons of air photographs (1947-72) suggested that footpath erosion was not a new phenomenon, but also reinforced the trends measured over the two years. A survey was made to examine relationships between footpath morphology and environmental/recreation site conditions. Results suggested that in the variation of path width, of the extent of bare soil and the depth of gullying, much could be accounted for by corresponding variation in the path gradient and the degree of recreation pressure. The altitude, and certain vegetation and soil types proved relevant, but of less
importance. Among the paths surveyed, the extremes of erosion measured were localised, but occurred on most paths. Signs of active processes were observed on about one third of the sites, and appeared on most paths with a slope of more than 17 degrees. Experimental work on a purposely created path demonstrated the efficacy of trampling as an erosive agent, especially in combination with wet weather and waterlogged soil
E-selectin as anti-inflammatory drug target : expression, purification and charactrization for structural studies : assay development for antaginists evaluation
Get PDFE-, P- and L-selectin belong to the C-type lectin family of cell adhesion molecules that
initiate inflammatory response. Infammation per se is a physiologocal defense
mechanism, but excessive leukcyte extravasation leads to numerous pathoIogical and
disease states, as well as metastatic cancer spread. Leukocyte tethering and rolling
toward inflammatory site start with the interaction of selectins and the carbohydrate
epitope of their glycoprotein ligands, sialyl Lewisx. Therefore inhibitors of selectin-ligand
interaction are of high pharmaceutical interest as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
Tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewisx serves as a lead strucure in chemical and computational
search for selectin antagonists. Structural NMR and X-ray studies indicated binding
mode of sialyl Lewisx with E-, and P-selectin, but improved structural studies with the
second and third generation antagonists is missing.
We expressed recombinant human E-, P- and L-selectin/IgG as secreted proteins in
mammalian expression system and purified them to homogniety. Acitivity of the proteins
was confirmed with blocking monoclonal antibodies and ligand binding confirmed by
NMR.
Bioassays were developed in cell-free and cell-based formats with E-selectin/IgG to
evaluate inhibitory potencies of in-house synthesized selectin antagonists. Due to
variation and instabilities on day-to-day and batch-to-batch basis, assays were used only
for preliminary antagonists screen.
To enhance further structural studies, we developed a new system for the expression of
truncated form of human E-selectin (lectin and EGF-like domains). Initialy we tried to
express these two domains in E.coli, but refolding of expressed inclusion bodies was
inefficient. Therefore lectin and EGF-like domains of human E-selectin were expressed
as secreted form in baculovirus-infeced insect cells with a flag-epitope on its C-terminus.
Expressed protein (LecEGFFlag) was monomeric in solution, correctly folded and active,
as confirmed in the reaction with monoclonal blocking antibodies, and NMR studies.
Protein was expressed in two distinct glycosylation forms, with apparent molecular
weigts of 19.96 kDa and 21.15 kDa.
In addition, we developed for the first time a cell-free assay with truncated form of Eselectin
(aforementioned LecEGFFlag) for the evaluation of of E-selectin inhibitors. In a
proof-of-concept manner, three different E-selectin antagonists were tested and obtained
IC50 values were in close agreement with published results. Reproducibility and stability
of the assay on day-to-day and batch-to batch basis make it suitable not only for the
preliminary screening, but also to quantify inhibitory potencies of E-selectin antagonists.
Developed system is suitable for expression and similar characterization of P- and Lselectin
as well
Efetividade da ingestão dos graõs integrais na prevenção do câncer colorretal: revisão sistemática de estudos de coorte com metanálise
Get PDFTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência dos AlimentosEstudos epidemiológicos indicam uma possível associação da ingestão de grãos integrais com a redução do risco de doenças cardíacas, diabetes e proteção em alguns tipos de câncer. Recentemente, diversos trabalhos foram conduzidos objetivando elucidar os efeitos e possíveis mecanismos atrelados ao consumo de grãos integrais e alimentos derivados. Com base em resultados promissores, a comunidade científica internacional recomenda a ingestão de 30 g/dia de grãos integrais, a qual seria adequada para a prevenção dessas doenças. Existem evidências de que a alimentação tem um papel importante nos estágios de iniciação, promoção e propagação do câncer. Entre as mortes por câncer atribuídas a fatores ambientais, a dieta contribui com cerca de 35%, seguida pelo tabaco (30%) e de fatores variados, como condições e tipo de trabalho, álcool e poluição (menos de 5% do total). Acredita-se que uma dieta adequada poderia prevenir de três a quatro milhões de novos casos de cânceres a cada ano. Os mecanismos de ação dos grãos integrais envolvidos na prevenção do câncer colorretal (CCR) têm sido estudados, e pesquisas em humanos apresentam uma tendência positiva, o que incentiva a ingestão dos grãos integrais como uma forma de prevenção dessa doença. No Capítulo I, o objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre ingestão de grãos integrais na prevenção do CCR. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com metanálise, e os resultados foram analisados pelo programa RevMan 4.2.8. Foram incluídos 11 estudos epidemiológicos de coorte, com a participação de 1.719.590 pessoas na faixa etária de 25 a 76 anos, tendo 7.745 destes desenvolvido CCR (0,45%). O período de acompanhamento dos estudos variou de 6 anos a 16 anos. O risco relativo (RR) multivariado foi calculado com o modelo proporcional de Cox. O resultado da prevenção de desenvolver CCR no maior quintile acumulado dos estudos (grupo com maior ingestão de grãos integrais) foi de 6%, com RR 0,94 (IC 95%, 0,85 a 1,03), e para o menor quintile (grupo com menor ingestão de grãos integrais) a prevenção foi de 4%, RR 0,96 (IC 95%, 0,88 a 1,04). Concluiu-se que existiu maior prevenção do CCR no grupo que ingeriu maior quantidade de grãos integrais quando comparado ao grupo que ingeriu menor quantidade de grãos integrais considerando a população estudada. O Capítulo II refere-se ao documento encaminhado à ANVISA e registrado na Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, em forma de alegação à saúde sobre os benefícios do consumo dos grãos integrais. Nos EUA, o Food and Drug Administration (FDA) autorizou uma reivindicação de saúde (alegação) no dia 8 de julho 1999, que permitiu as companhias de alimento promover os benefícios dos grãos integrais para doenças cardíacas e prevenção do câncer com base em declarações autorizadas de um corpo científico federal. Em fevereiro de 2002, na Europa, o Joint Health Claims Initiative (JHCI), comitê perito e o conselho publicaram seus resultados numa reivindicação de saúde, para grãos integrais e saúde de coração. Os critérios para a aprovação dessa alegação seguiram os parâmetros utilizados pelo FDA, incluindo rigorosa análise das evidências científicas existentes. No Brasil, ainda não há regulamentação a respeito do teor mínimo de farinha e/ou grãos em alimentos integrais, de forma que os encontrados no mercado podem apresentar baixas concentrações de ingredientes integrais e, conseqüentemente, teores de fibras alimentares demasiadamente baixos. O objetivo foi relatar as evidências científicas mais importantes que respaldam os benefícios advindos do consumo de alimentos integrais. Os estudos aqui apresentados foram selecionados e divididos de acordo com sua relevância e apresentados conforme o tipo de doença associada (cardiovasculares, diabetes melito e câncer colorretal)
Desenvolvimento de um método para o controle da utilização de gordura trans no processo produtivo de refeições
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição.Como resultado do aumento do consumo das gorduras trans e dos estudos que o associam a reflexos negativos na saúde dos indivíduos, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) lançou, em 2004, a Estratégia Global para Promoção da Alimentação Saudável, Atividade Física e Saúde, tendo a eliminação do consumo dessas gorduras como uma das metas. Nesse enfoque, este estudo objetivou desenvolver um método de controle da utilização de gorduras trans no processo produtivo de refeições - CGTR. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva em desenvolvimento, tendo sido o método delineado e testado por meio de um estudo de caso. As etapas da pesquisa foram: identificação de informações sobre a utilização e a formação de gorduras trans no processo produtivo de refeições na literatura científica; identificação de grupos e/ou subgrupos de preparações que podem vir a conter gorduras trans em sua composição, a partir de processos produtivos facilitadores para a adição e/ou formação dessas gorduras; concepção de um modelo de método de controle de gorduras trans na produção de refeições; definição do local do estudo de caso; aplicação do método no local escolhido; revisão do método a partir da experiência no estudo de caso e elaboração de estratégias para a aplicação do método desenvolvido. Os dados foram coletados em uma Unidade Produtora de Refeições de Florianópolis - SC, por meio do acompanhamento das refeições de desjejum, almoço e coffee break. Como resultados, foram definidas as etapas do processo produtivo que demandam controle para evitar um cardápio rico em gorduras trans. Dentre essas etapas destacam-se: a seleção de fornecedores que não utilizem produtos industrializados com gordura vegetal parcialmente hidrogenada, a conferência da lista de ingredientes dos rótulos dos alimentos, o controle de tempo e temperatura dos óleos vegetais utilizados para frituras de imersão. O CGTR é apresentado em etapas de aplicação, formulários com instruções para a coleta de dados, análise dos dados e glossário. Ressalta-se que este é um instrumento de gerenciamento do processo produtivo de refeições que pode facilitar a oferta de refeições mais saudáveis sob o ponto de vista nutricional, auxiliando para que as Unidades Produtoras de Refeições, comerciais e coletivas, cumpram o seu papel como promotoras de saúde
Comparação entre o exame clínico, com e sem separação dental, e radiográfico interproximal no diagnóstico de cárie proximal em dentes posteriores permanentes - estudo piloto
Get PDFTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Odontologia.Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os exames clínicos, sem e com separação dental, e radiográfico interproximal no diagnóstico de cárie proximal de dentes permanentes posteriores de adultos jovens. Metodologia: Foram examinadas, clinicamente, com e sem afastamento dental, e radiograficamente todas as faces mesiais e distais dos dentes pré-molares e molares de 16 alunos das primeiras fases do curso de graduação em Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Os exames clínicos e a análise radiográfica foram realizadas por um Cirurgião-Dentista especialista em Dentística. O estudo foi duplo cego (durante cada etapa o examinador não teve acesso aos resultados dos exames realizados anteriormente). Utilizou-se a inspeção visual para a realização do exame clínico, com auxílio de luz artificial, espelho bucal, seringa tríplice e sonda exploradora de ponta romba. Durante a realização dos exames as faces foram classificadas conforme códigos e critérios pré-estabelecidos. Após o término do exame clínico foi realizado o afastamento dental nos primeiros molares que possuíam contato anatômico. Após 48h da colocação dos afastadores os pacientes foram submetidos a um segundo exame clínico, no momento da remoção dos elásticos. Na realização dos exames radiográficos foram efetuadas 2 radiografias interproximais de molares e 2 de pré-molares (lado direito e esquerdo), e a interpretação radiográfica foi realizada pelo mesmo profissional. Resultados: O exame clínico com afastamento dental foi mais sensível que o exame radiográfico e também do que o exame clínico sem afastamento, para diagnosticar a presença de faces não sadias. Não houve uma relação nítida entre as classificações radiográficas e clínicas. Ainda, a prevalência de cárie interproximal na população eleita para o estudo foi baixa. Conclusão: A associação dos métodos de exames clínico com separação dental e radiográfico é a melhor opção para um melhor diagnóstico de cárie proximal nos dentes permanentes posteriores
Connecting The Dots Of Nonlinear Reaction Norms Unravels The Threads Of Genotype-environment Interaction In Drosophila
No full textTwo contrasting views can characterize the attitude of many studies toward reaction norms (RNs). An "optimistic" view attempts to use a linear model to describe RN variation; and a "pessimistic" view emphasizes RNs complexity without using any model to describe them. Here, we have analyzed the shape of 40 RNs of five traits of Drosophila mediopunctata in response to 11 temperatures. Our results, along with several other studies, show that RNs are typically curves best explained by nonlinear models. Estimating the set of 40 RNs on the basis of three rather than 11 temperatures produces a scenario, typical of the pessimistic view, where the linear model is either nonsignificant or a poor explanatory model. Moreover, we show that RN nonlinearity can significantly affect the conclusions of studies using the linear model. We propose a middle ground view on RNs which recognizes their general nonlinearity. Such view could, on the one hand, explain part of the important phenomenon of genotype-environment interaction emphasized by the pessimistic view. Moreover, it may explain features and patterns which are being ignored by the optimistic view. We suggest the parabolic model as first step to reveal patterns which were ignored before, or not fully appreciated. © 2012 The Author(s). Evolution © 2012 The Society for the Study of Evolution.661134043416Andrade, C.A.C., Hatadani, L.M., Klaczko, L.B., Phenotypic plasticity of the aedeagus of Drosophila mediopunctata: effect of the temperature (2005) J. Therm. Biol., 30, pp. 518-523Aubin-Horth, N., Renn, S.C.P., Genomic reaction norms: using integrative biology to understand molecular mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity (2009) Mol. Ecol., 18, pp. 3763-3780Bernardo, U., Pedata, P.A., Viggiani, G., Phenotypic plasticity of pigmentation and morphometric traits in Pnigalio soemius (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (2007) Bull. Entomol. 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Identification of heart rate-associated loci and their effects on cardiac conduction and rhythm disorders
Get PDFElevated resting heart rate is associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. In a 2-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in up to 181,171 individuals, we identified 14 new loci associated with heart rate and confirmed associations with all 7 previously established loci. Experimental downregulation of gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio identified 20 genes at 11 loci that are relevant for heart rate regulation and highlight a role for genes involved in signal transmission, embryonic cardiac development and the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy, congenital heart failure and/or sudden cardiac death. In addition, genetic susceptibility to increased heart rate is associated with altered cardiac conduction and reduced risk of sick sinus syndrome, and both heart rate-increasing and heart rate-decreasing variants associate with risk of atrial fibrillation. Our findings provide fresh insights into the mechanisms regulating heart rate and identify new therapeutic targets
Killing them softly:managing pathogen polymorphism and virulence in spatially variable environments
Get PDFUnderstanding why pathogen populations are genetically variable is vital because genetic variation fuels evolution, which often hampers disease control efforts. Here I argue that classical models of evolution in spatially variable environments - specifically, models of hard and soft selection - provide a useful framework to understand the maintenance of pathogen polymorphism and the evolution of virulence. First, the similarities between models of hard and soft selection and pathogen life cycles are described, highlighting how the type and timing of pathogen control measures impose density regulation that may affect both the level of pathogen polymorphism and virulence. The article concludes with an outline of potential lines of future theoretical and experimental work.</p
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