1,720,959 research outputs found
Croiser les sources, dépasser les frontières disciplinaires : de l’intérêt de l’archivistique en sciences sociales
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L'encre de la clinique : panorama historique des données médicales (XVIIIe - XXIe siècles): Conférence puis atelier sur les archives hospitalières au sein d'une formation pour cadres de santé.
No full textConférence sur l'histoire des données médicales, de leur gestion par les hôpitaux et les archivistes, puis atelier de travail autour d'un dossier patiente extrait des fonds d'archives de l'Asile de Villejuif.I. Les archives hospitalières : la structuration administrativeII. La vie sociale des données III. Focus : le dossier patientCas pour l'atelier : un dossier patiente de l'Asile de Villejui
Searching for archives of "social suffering"? Political life of public archives and administrative realities in interactions: (France, psychiatric archives, 17th-21th centuries)
No full textInternational audienceThe article examines the epistemic possibility of archives of social suffering within public archives and from an archivist's perspective. Public archives are understood in their political reality, with their construction and preservation linked to the materiality of power and governance. Among the shelves of state records, the article focuses on the archives of the first French psychiatric hospital, which archives are taken as a whole system of production of meaning and not isolated sources. The approach is part of an epistemology of archives, often called archival turn, taking the archives for what they are: administrative matters, and the process of archival as a social fact. Articulating institutional and personal, seeking to understand the factual reconciliation of fragments of one's self in administrative documents and not opposing one to the other, this article questions the place of intimate and suffering discourse in the public sphere. From the asylum, the article returns to critical reflection on public archives policies and archives as logistical tools for government knowledge: informed by archival ethics, it asserts that the responsibility for collecting and preserving the private lives of citizens should not be left to the State. The social suffering encountered in public archives would then be equivalent to that of State production, and these archives, restored to their revolutionary definition (1789), would serve as evidence, for better or worse, of its governance
Réglementer l'exploitation animale, surveiller les travailleurs, nourrir la Nation : une histoire de l'idéologie capitaliste française depuis les abattoirs (La Villette, XIXe - XXe siècles)
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L’encre de la clinique : le travail d’un interne à l’asile au début du XIXe siècle.: Observations médicales d’Adélaïde Beaufrère par Louis-Joseph Ramon (1814-1815)
No full textInternational audienceBased on the medical observations written about Adélaïde Beaufrère (who was institutionalized at the Charenton asylum from 1814 to 1815) by Louis-Joseph Ramon, a medical student at that time, this article explores how clinical knowledge was developed and learned about in the early 19th century; it also examines how medical activities were organized within the asylum. Ramon’s writings are analysed through the various stages they went through – a time of observation, when the junior doctor experienced a process of empirical learning after having completed his university training; clinical copying and writing exercises; and lastly, indexation through a carefully-organized archival system that allowed clinical cases to be preserved. By linking Ramon’s private archives with those of the institution, the investigation reconstructs a variety of writing circuits – sheets of paper, visit notebooks and registers – which were largely the work of medical students and were crucial to the day-to-day medical administration of hundreds of patients by hundreds of staff members, before the conservation of medical information for clinical theory. Ramon’s work took place during a period of transition towards the standardization of documents and archival practices imposed by the 1814 regulations, allowing us to study how the asylum’s organizational procedures were implemented prior to the 1838 law.À partir des observations médicales d’Adélaïde Beaufrère, internée de 1814 à 1815 à la Maison de Charenton, rédigées par Louis-Joseph Ramon, alors élève interne, cet article explore les conditions d’élaboration et d’apprentissage des savoirs cliniques et l’organisation de la médecine à l’asile. L’écriture se développe en temps d’observation, apprentissage sensible de l’interne après les bancs de la Faculté, puis de copie et d’exercice de rédaction clinique, avant une indexation dans une organisation archivistique soignée permettant la conservation des cas. En articulant autour du document les archives privées de Ramon avec celles de l’établissement, l’enquête reconstitue ensuite les circuits d’écritures – feuilles volantes, cahiers de visite, registres – qui relèvent grandement du travail des internes et permettent l’administration médicale quotidienne de centaines de patients par des centaines de personnel en amont de la conservation des informations médicales pour la théorie clinique. Le travail de Ramon se situe dans une période de transition vers la standardisation des documents et les pratiques archivistiques imposées par le règlement de 1814, nous permettant d’étudier les conditions de mise en place des procédures organisationnelles de l’asile en amont de la loi de 1838
Les femmes de la Révolution française pour exemples : mises en garde scientistes et méthode historique dans la constitution de la psychologie au début de la IIIe République
No full textThe paper examines the advent of psychology at the birth of the 20th century through its references to the revolutionary women of 1789: Charlotte Corday, Anne-Josèphe Terwagne, the rioters, the crowds of women. Psychology mobilizes these historical events to understand the women investing the political space of the Third Republic, and to better control them: here, psychological knowledge is a science of government. These uses are structuring: definition of a historical method, appropriation of previous and legitimate analyses and objects in a controlled genealogical narrative, reliance on the past to define and govern these political enemies and then the masses which will take on the same psychological traits. In an epistemological competition with other disciplines for objects and methods, and for scientific and political legitimacy, psychology constitutes and asserts itself by relying on the medical representations of revolutionary women, a corpus whose influence remains neglected in the discipline’s historyL’article étudie l’avènement de la psychologie à l’aube du xxe siècle par ses références aux femmes révolutionnaires de 1789 : Charlotte Corday, Anne-Josèphe Terwagne, les émeutières, les foules de femmes. La psychologie mobilise ces évènements historiques pour comprendre les femmes qui investissent l’espace politique de la IIIe République, et pour mieux les diriger : les savoirs psychologiques sont ici sciences de gouvernement. Ces usages sont structurants : définition d’une méthode historique, appropriation d’analyses et d’objets antérieurs et légitimes dans une narration généalogique maîtrisée, recours au passé pour définir et gouverner ces ennemies politiques puis les masses qui prendront leurs traits psychologiques. Dans une concurrence épistémologique avec d’autres disciplines pour le monopole de certains objets et méthodes, et pour une légitimité scientifique et politique, la psychologie se constitue et s’affirme en s’appuyant sur les représentations médicales des femmes révolutionnaires, corpus dont l’influence reste négligée dans l’histoire de la discipline
Mathieu Léonard, L’ivresse des communards. Prophylaxie antialcoolique et discours de classe (1871-1914)
No full text« La bouteille fut un des “instruments de règne” de la Commune. » (p. 9) Cette citation en exergue définit l’objet de l’étude : la constitution d’un récit de l’insurrection comme ivresse collective et comme impulsion d’une posture politique antialcoolique. L’ouvrage offre une analyse pertinente hors d’un style universitaire.L’essai se place dans la lignée des travaux de Susanna Barrows, Michel Caire, Catherine Glazer, Laure Murat et Jacqueline Carroy-Thirard sur l’importance des lectures méd..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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