512 research outputs found
Informal gold mining and mercury pollution in Brazil
Full text linkThe Amazon region has been responsible for a major share of Brazilian gold production in recent years. The region has witnessed a sizable gold rush comparable only to the California gold rush last century. The gold rush has spawned a powerful informal mining sector and has attracted many people - some who have come to the region in search of wealth and some who were already there but were displaced from other, unsuccessful economicactivities. What these people encounter at the mining sites are dreadful living and working conditions. Gold mining also causes substantial environmental problems, which may persist whether gold deposits do or not. The author discusses the environmental effects of gold mining in the region, focusing on mercury pollution. Mercury, an important input in gold extraction, is being discharged into the atmosphere and the rivers at alarming rates. The environmental costs of the present extraction, is being discharged into the atmosphere and the rivers at alarming rates. The environmental costs of the present extraction technology will be faced primarily by future generations, because of natural chemical processes. Although removing the mercury already discharged from the Amazonian environment may be an enormous task, at least future discharges should be curtailed through the use of appropriate technology, environmental education, and a combination of command and control measures and market-based incentives. The author describes the gold extraction process and the extent of mercury use and contamination. He analyzes key elements of the environmental problem, especially the informal miner and the fish economy. Finally, he suggests a combination of command and control regulations and market-based incentives adapted to the informal gold mining economic environment. He emphasizes the need for an education campaign about the perils of using mercury and the availability of more appropriate, and inexpensive, alternative extraction technologies.Mining&Extractive Industry (Non-Energy),Montreal Protocol,Water and Industry,Coastal and Marine Resources,Primary Metals
13.- INSCRITURA E TRANSCULTURALIDADE COMO POESIA E CIMARRONAJE EM NICOLÁS GUILLÉN
No full textAo apresentar como as cosmogonias e as cosmovisões africanas operam e sistematizarem-se como contribuições para a crítica e historiográfica literária no continente latino-americano a proposta deste artigo pretende contribuir para visibilizar a experiência africana no continente latino-americano. A partir de articulações de conceitos como cimarronaje (Mendes) e Inscritura (Queiroz) o que se pretende com o estudo da poética de Nicolás Guillén (1959) é apresentar como se articulam a inteligência estético-performática do son como expressão genuína afro na literatura e sociedades latino-americanas. Reflexo no propósito que releva a motivação das Epistemologias do Sul, ao aproximar os fundamentos tradicionais e sapienciais que aproximam África e América, o estudo destaca importância e centralidade do patrimônio ancestral.
Resumen:
Al presentar cómo las cosmogonías y las cosmovisiones africanas operan y se sistematizaron como contribuciones para la crítica e historiográfica literaria en el continente latinoamericano, la propuesta de este artículo pretende contribuir para visibilizar la experiencia africana en el continente latinoamericano. A partir de articulaciones de conceptos como cimarronaje (Mendes, 2019) e inscritura (Queiroz, 2007), lo que se pretende con el estudio de la poética de Nicolás Guillén (1959) es exponer cómo se articulan la inteligencia estético-representativa del sonido como expresión genuina afro en la literatura y sociedades latinoamericanas. Esto se refleja en el propósito de realzar la motivación de las Epistemologías del Sur, al aproximar los fundamentos tradicionales y sapienciales que aproximan África y América, el estudio destaca la importancia y centralidad del patrimonio ancestral.
Abstract:
By presenting how African cosmogony and cosmovision operate and are systematized as contributions to literary and historiographical criticism in Latin America, this article tries to enhance the visibility of the African experience in the aforementioned continent. Stemming from the articulation of concepts such as cimarronaje (Mendes 2019) and Inscritura (Queiroz 2007), the intention underlying the study of Nicolás Guillén’s poetry (1959) is to present how son’s aesthetic-performing intelligence is articulated as a genuine Afro expression in Latin American literature and societies. Reflected on the purpose that highlights the motivations of Southern Epistemologies, by bringing the traditional and sapiential fundaments that brought Africa and America closer, the study highlights the importance and centeredness of ancestral heritage
Cosmogorama bakongo e brujo-chamanismo como alternativas críticas a modernidade eurocentrada na América Latina
No full textby presenting how the original and African cosmogonies and cosmovisions operate and are systematized on the American continent, it is intended to have sensibilities capable of articulating ancestral thought as a critical alternative to Eurocentric Modernity. From the concept cristarronaje (Mendes, 2019) brujo-chamaniusmo (Busso, 2011) the study presents the idea of ancestral resistance as axes that underlie critical thinking from the redefinition between humanity and nature at the same time that it would establish genuine theoretical frameworks and criticality organic in accord with historical experience. The objective would be to promote impulses for the development of critical (ethical) and creative (aesthetic) projects based on the relevance of indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants in the formation process of Latin American societies. It is expected, with this, to contribute to adjustments and advances of a Historiography and Latin American Literary Criticism committed to the fundamentals of its historical representativeness and Education. Ao presentar como operam e sistematizam-se as cosmogonias e as cosmovisões originárias e africanas no continente americano pretende-se dispor de sensibilidades capazes de articular o pensamento ancestral como alternativa crítica à Modernidade Eurocentrada. A partir do conceito cimarronaje (Mendes, 2019) brujo-chamaniusmo (Busso, 2011)o estudo apresenta a ideia de resistência ancestral como eixos que fundamentam pensamento crítico a partir da redefinição entre humanidade e natureza ao mesmo tempo que firmaria marcos teóricos genuínos e criticidade orgânica em acordo experiência histórica. O objetivo seria o de promover impulsos para o desenvolvimento de projetos críticos (éticos) e criativos (estéticos) baseados na relevância dos povos originários e afrodescendentes no processo de formação das sociedades latino-americanas. Espera-se, com isso, contribuir para ajustes e avanços de uma Historiografia e Crítica Literária Latino-Americana comprometida com os fundamentos de sua representatividade histórica e Educação
Bakongo cosmogram and brujo-chamanismo as critical alternatives to a eurocentrated modernity in Latin America
No full textAo presentar como operam e sistematizam-se as cosmogonias e as cosmovisões originárias e africanas no continente americano pretende-se dispor de sensibilidades capazes de articular o pensamento ancestral como alternativa crítica à Modernidade Eurocentrada. A partir do conceito cimarronaje (Mendes, 2019) brujo-chamaniusmo (Busso, 2011)o estudo apresenta a ideia de resistência ancestral como eixos que fundamentam pensamento crítico a partir da redefinição entre humanidade e natureza ao mesmo tempo que firmaria marcos teóricos genuínos e criticidade orgânica em acordo experiência histórica. O objetivo seria o de promover impulsos para o desenvolvimento de projetos críticos (éticos) e criativos (estéticos) baseados na relevância dos povos originários e afrodescendentes no processo de formação das sociedades latino-americanas. Espera-se, com isso, contribuir para ajustes e avanços de uma Historiografia e Crítica Literária Latino-Americana comprometida com os fundamentos de sua representatividade histórica e Educação.by presenting how the original and African cosmogonies and cosmovisions operate and are systematized on the American continent, it is intended to have sensibilities capable of articulating ancestral thought as a critical alternative to Eurocentric Modernity. From the concept cristarronaje (Mendes, 2019) brujo-chamaniusmo (Busso, 2011) the study presents the idea of ancestral resistance as axes that underlie critical thinking from the redefinition between humanity and nature at the same time that it would establish genuine theoretical frameworks and criticality organic in accord with historical experience. The objective would be to promote impulses for the development of critical (ethical) and creative (aesthetic) projects based on the relevance of indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants in the formation process of Latin American societies. It is expected, with this, to contribute to adjustments and advances of a Historiography and Latin American Literary Criticism committed to the fundamentals of its historical representativeness and Education. 
Rogerio Bacono mokslo vizija
No full textStraipsnyje analizuojama XIII amžiaus pranciškonų mokslininko Rogerio Bacono mokslo samprata. Baconas suvokė mokslo svarbą reformuojant visuomenės gyvenimą, todėl jo tikslas buvo įgyvendinti tarpdisciplininę komunikaciją. Jis siekė sukurti universalią mokslo sistemą (scientia integralis), kurioje derėtų tiek Biblija, tiek filosofija, tiek gamtos mokslai. Jungiančioji grandis šioje mokslų sistemoje yra matematika ir eksperimentinis mokslas (scientia experimentalis). Pasaulio ir gamtos supratimas, Bacono teigimu, galimas tik apjungiant proto ir eksperimento pradus. Bacono mokslo vizija analizuojama remiantis jo traktatu „Opus Maius“. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Rogeris Baconas; Scientia integralis; Scientia experimentalis; Pažinimas; Matematika; Roger Bacon; Scientia integralis; Scientia experimentalis; Cognition; MathematicsThe article considers the concept of science as it is expressed by 13th century Franciscan scientist Roger Bacon. Hi realized the importance of science for the reformation of social life and therefore strived to promote interdisciplinary communication. He sought to constitute the universal system of science (scientia integralis) which would encompass Bible, philosophy, and natural sciences. The integrating core of this system would be mathematics and experimental science (scientia experimentalis). According to the author, the cognition of the world and nature was possible if and only if the principles of reasoning and experimenting were united. Bacon’s vision is analyses is based on his treatise "Opus Maius"
A Representação Afro-Latino-Americana como Cimarronaje em Changó, el Gran Putas, de Manuel Zapata Olivella: Notes for Latin American Historiography and Literary Criticism.
No full textThis paper discusses the absence of Afrodescendent contributions to the formation process of Hispanic American literature by historiography and literary criticism and school curriculum. The predominance of Eurocentric civilizational referents in Latin America is attributed to this fact due to colonial relations on the continent. By presenting how African cosmogonies and cosmovisions are operated and systematized in the American continent, it is intended to possess sensibilities to better understand and articulate, through History, Anthropology and Philosophy, the criticism and the understanding of Afrodescendent literary production in Latin America. Reflection on the purpose that highlights the motivation of the Epistemologies of the South, by approaching the traditional and sapiential foundations that bring Africa and America together, as well as reflections of the Decolonial Collective, with the purpose of (re)thinking the historical, political and social developments of the relationship between Modernity and Coloniality for Latin America, within the scope of the concept of “Cidade Letrada” (RAMA, 1985), the study points out the importance and centrality of ancestral heritage and critical production of genuine and independent Afrodescendent epistemology - such as Afro-realism (DUNCAN, 2006); “Pedagogia da Cimarronaje” (MENDES, 2019); Pedagogia das Encruzilhadas (RUFINO, 2018), “Inscritura” (QUEIROZ, 2007), etc. - in order to better visualize the African and Afrodescendent cultural and intellectual contribution and understanding in the process of formation of Latin America fundamental and critical thinking.Changó, el gran putas, do colombiano Manuel Zapata Olivella, é uma das poucasepopeias latino-americanas e uma das poucas obras ficcionais em língua espanhola quereconhecem as contribuições culturais da diáspora africana na América Latina. O livroapresenta como as cosmogonias e cosmovisões africanas relevam-se no processo deformação das sociedades e literaturas latino-americanas. A proposta do presente artigo érefletir sobre alguns critérios de desenvolvimento que tornam a prática de resistênciaafrodescendente (cimarronaje) característica fundamental no projeto ético e estético deZapata Olivella, marcadamente em Changó, el grand putas, obra referencial paracompreender a América Latina Africana e Mestiça
UN Peace-Building, Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in East Timor:The Limits of Institutional Responses to Political Questions
Full text linkA series of UN peace-building missions have taken the leading role in reconstructing the rule of law in East Timor, most notably through the hybridised Special Panels trials from 2000 to 2005 and ongoing hybridised participation in prosecution and judging in the years since then. While UN peace-building doctrine place great faith in transfusions of international expertise in the institutions of justice to secure their autonomy, the experience in East Timor has been one of consistent governmental interference to restrain politically sensitive prosecutions and systematic pardon of those convicted of committing crimes of political violence. Beginning with the thwarted prosecution of Indonesian generals accused of crimes against humanity before the Special Panels, and moving on to consider episodes of prosecutorial interference and systematic pardon in trials dealing with crimes committed during serious civil unrest in 2006 and attempted assassinations of the President and Prime Minister in 2008, this article examines the UN's ongoing failure to secure the autonomy of the judicial institutions it is mandated to assist. It cites a preoccupation on the part of the UN with the institutional aspects of the rule of law which has been emphasised at the expense of the more contentious cultural and behavioural aspects of the rule of law at a political level which are essential if the institutions of justice are to operate independently
Saberes ausentes da “Cidade Letrada”. Por um Iluminismo mestiço
No full textO presente artigo sugere empreender argumentos sobre a importância dos saberes afrodescendentes e indígenas, no processo de formação das sociedades e letramentos latino-americanos, desde a compreensão do conceito de “cidade letrada”. A partir de apontamentos de marcos históricos e literários, o artigo apresenta possíveis razões que inviabilizam cosmogonias, cosmovisões e epistemologias que compõem o mosaico cultural multiconstitutivo latino-americano e comprometem uma perspectiva crítica literária ampla, atual e democrática. Ao valorizar as contribuições orgânicas da diversidade cultural e enfatizar a perspectiva de suas vozes sem mediações, acredita-se contribuir para visibilizar a importância de referências críticas que representem as marcas históricas e antropológicas da região e como repercutiram em sua Literatura. Espera-se, com isso, reiterar a necessidade de novas sensibilidades e epistemologias críticas para compreender, de maneira responsável, a demanda de projetos críticos e criativos que relevam e valorizam referências heterogêneas e ancestrais como base e criticidade
Modelling hydrodynamic interactions between deformable droplets
Full text linkDeposited with permission of the author. © 2007 Rogerio Manica.Understanding deformations during interaction of colloidal or nano droplets. has important implications in a wide range of applications such as flotation collection and emulsion stability. The present work is important and necessary because current models are unable to properly describe recent experimental results obtained using the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Surface Force Apparatus (SFA). We revisit and improve on theories involving interacting deformable droplets. A detailed theoretical model of the experiments, which accounts for surface forces, hydrodynamic interactions, droplet deformation and AFM cantilever detection, has been developed. The new feature of the model is the use of matched asymptotic expansions to derive a new boundary condition at constant volume to obtain results that are independent of the size of the computational domain. The AFM experiments provide measurements of dynamical forces between two interacting droplets as well as between a drop and a colloidal particle of micrometre radii in solution when they are driven together and then are retracted from each other. The SFA experiments measure (time dependent) surface profiles of a millimetre size mercury drop interacting with a mica surface. Different configurations have been studied including mechanical and electrical perturbations to a thin film stabilized by double layer repulsion. Interesting experimental features were observed when approaching or retracting the mica from the mercury drop
13.- INSCRITURA E TRANSCULTURALIDADE COMO POESIA E CIMARRONAJE EM NICOLÁS GUILLÉN
No full textAo apresentar como as cosmogonias e as cosmovisões africanas operam e sistematizarem-se como contribuições para a crítica e historiográfica literária no continente latino-americano a proposta deste artigo pretende contribuir para visibilizar a experiência africana no continente latino-americano. A partir de articulações de conceitos como cimarronaje (Mendes) e Inscritura (Queiroz) o que se pretende com o estudo da poética de Nicolás Guillén (1959) é apresentar como se articulam a inteligência estético-performática do son como expressão genuína afro na literatura e sociedades latino-americanas. Reflexo no propósito que releva a motivação das Epistemologias do Sul, ao aproximar os fundamentos tradicionais e sapienciais que aproximam África e América, o estudo destaca importância e centralidade do patrimônio ancestral.
Resumen:
Al presentar cómo las cosmogonías y las cosmovisiones africanas operan y se sistematizaron como contribuciones para la crítica e historiográfica literaria en el continente latinoamericano, la propuesta de este artículo pretende contribuir para visibilizar la experiencia africana en el continente latinoamericano. A partir de articulaciones de conceptos como cimarronaje (Mendes, 2019) e inscritura (Queiroz, 2007), lo que se pretende con el estudio de la poética de Nicolás Guillén (1959) es exponer cómo se articulan la inteligencia estético-representativa del sonido como expresión genuina afro en la literatura y sociedades latinoamericanas. Esto se refleja en el propósito de realzar la motivación de las Epistemologías del Sur, al aproximar los fundamentos tradicionales y sapienciales que aproximan África y América, el estudio destaca la importancia y centralidad del patrimonio ancestral.
Abstract:
By presenting how African cosmogony and cosmovision operate and are systematized as contributions to literary and historiographical criticism in Latin America, this article tries to enhance the visibility of the African experience in the aforementioned continent. Stemming from the articulation of concepts such as cimarronaje (Mendes 2019) and Inscritura (Queiroz 2007), the intention underlying the study of Nicolás Guillén’s poetry (1959) is to present how son’s aesthetic-performing intelligence is articulated as a genuine Afro expression in Latin American literature and societies. Reflected on the purpose that highlights the motivations of Southern Epistemologies, by bringing the traditional and sapiential fundaments that brought Africa and America closer, the study highlights the importance and centeredness of ancestral heritage
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