10 research outputs found
Traiter les bidonvilles hier et aujourd’hui. Le relogement entre permanence et provisoire
No full textThis paper aims at analyzing the treatment of residential vulnerability by comparing slum relocation schemes in the 1960s and the 2000s. We seek to understand the links between some episodes of extension of the area of vulnerability and processes of urban transformation in both urgent and provisional forms. We show a certain continuity in slum relocation processes, wich are characterized by their tentative and precarious nature, dedicated to an identified population, and managed by specific actors. It shows the relationship between residential vulnerability and an intermediate urbanity.En comparant les dispositifs de relogement des bidonvilles dans les années 1960 et 2000 à Saint-Denis, cet article aborde un volet du traitement de la vulnérabilité résidentielle. Il s’agit de comprendre le rapport qui a pu s’établir entre des épisodes d’extension de la zone de vulnérabilité et des processus de transformation urbaine sous des formes urgentes et provisoires. Il apparaît qu’il existe des permanences dans ces dispositifs de relogement, tant concernant la forme d’habitat produit, le public identifié que les acteurs concernés. Cela rend compte de la relation existante entre la vulnérabilité résidentielle et la création d’une urbanité de l’entre-deux.Costil Mathilde, Roche Élise. Traiter les bidonvilles hier et aujourd’hui. Le relogement entre permanence et provisoire. In: Les Annales de la recherche urbaine, N°110, 2015. Ville et vulnérabilités. pp. 64-73
Saint-Denis and the challenges of insalubrious housing : stakes and public policy
No full textSaint-Denis, ville populaire et limitrophe de Paris est particulièrement impactée par l’habitat insalubre. Comment une ville communiste qui promeut une politique inclusive traite la question de l’habitat insalubre et quels sont les enjeux géopolitiques derrière la résorption de cet habitat ? Concernant les bidonvilles, les élus de Saint-Denis se sont fait les porte-voix de cette question à l’échelle nationale et mènent plusieurs projets d’insertion sur le territoire. Ceux-ci relèvent plus, en l’absence de politique nationale, d’un bricolage et se heurtent au manque de moyens, au problème de relogement et parfois à la réaction de certains riverains. Quant à l’insalubrité des immeubles, elle persiste malgré trente ans de politiques publiques, en raison de la faible efficacité des politiques incitatives, de la paupérisation de la ville et de la logique de marché qui a attiré des propriétaires bailleurs d’abord intéressés par la rentabilité des biens. Depuis 2008, la municipalité concentre ses efforts sur le centre-ville via un important programme de rénovation urbaine (un Programme National de requalification des Quartiers Anciens Dégradés – PNRQAD), qui s’inscrit dans une stratégie de valorisation du centre-ville pour attirer des propriétaires plus à même d’entretenir le bâti. La mise en place du PNRQAD soulève des enjeux de peuplement, d’image et d’évolution sociologique du centre-ville, d’autant plus que les communistes sont politiquement en difficulté. Ils se retrouvent pris dans une contradiction majeure : changer l’image de Saint-Denis pour contribuer à un meilleur entretien du bâti favorise une évolution du peuplement qui leur sera défavorable électoralement.Saint-Denis, a working class city in the suburb of Paris, is particularly impacted by run-down housing. How does a communist city that promotes an inclusive politics, addresses the question of degraded housing and what are the geopolitical stakes behind the resorption of this type of habitat? Saint-Denis’ elected officials have become outspoken on the question of slums at the national level and lead several projects for inserting their inhabitants in the territory. Those are however more akin to patch-up jobs considering the absence of a national policy and they face the lack of funding, the problem of rehousing, and sometimes negative reactions from other residents. With regards to apartment buildings’ insalubrity, it remains a problem despite thirty years of public policies. This is due to the low efficiency of incentivizing policies, city pauperization, and market-based solutions that attract landlords more interested in economic returns than good maintenance. Since 2008, city hall concentrates its efforts on the downtown area through a major program of urban renewal (PNRQAD), as part of a strategy to revalorize it to attract owners that would maintain housing’s upkeep. The implementation of the PNRQAD raises questions on issues of settlement, image, and sociological evolution of the downtown area, all the more so now that communists are faced with a rising socialist party. Communist elected officials therefore now face an internal contradiction: changing Saint-Denis’ image with the purpose of increasing the quality of housing conditions favors a settlement pattern that will be electorally detrimental to them
Traiter les bidonvilles hier et aujourd’hui. Le relogement entre permanence et provisoire
No full text
Traiter les bidonvilles hier et aujourd’hui. Le relogement entre permanence et provisoire
No full textInternational audienceEn comparant les dispositifs de relogement des bidonvilles dans les années 1960 et 2000 à Saint-Denis, cet article aborde un volet du traitement de la vulnérabilité résidentielle. Il s'agit de comprendre le rapport qui a pu s'établir entre des épisodes d'extension de la zone de vulnérabilité et des processus de transformation urbaine sous des formes urgentes et provisoires. Il apparaît qu'il existe des permanences dans ces dispositifs de relogement, tant concernant la forme d'habitat produit, le public identifié que les acteurs concernés. Cela rend compte de la relation existante entre la vulnérabilité résidentielle et la création d'une urbanité de l'entre-deux
Commerce inadapté et requalification: Discours et controverses dans des banlieues populaires d’Ile-de-France
No full textInternational audienc
Influência da natação e do ciclismo sobre as respostas fisiológicas durante a corrida no triathlon
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Florianópolis, 2010O estudo teve como objetivo determinar as respostas cardiorrespiratórias (VO2 e FC) e metabólicas (lactato) de triatletas treinados durante um simulado de TO e analisar os efeitos fisiológicos da natação e do ciclismo na máxima fase estável de lactato (MFEL) da corrida. Onze triatletas treinados (32,2 ± 4,8 anos; 75 ±6,2 kg; 178 ± 0,1cm) realizaram em dias diferentes os seguintes testes: 1) protocolo incremental na esteira rolante para a determinação do VO2max, IVO2max e LAn; 2) protocolo incremental realizado na própria bicicleta do atleta acoplada a um ciclossimulador para determinar o VO2max, IVO2max e 70%Pmax; 3) três a cinco testes para determinação da MFEL; 4) duas simulações da prova de TO, uma delas envolvendo a sucessão ciclismo-corrida (CC), e outra envolvendo a seqüência completa de natação-ciclismo-corrida (N-C-C). Em relação ao comportamento do VO2 ao longo dos 60 minutos de ciclismo foi encontrada diferença significativa apenas para o simulado C-C (sC-C) (41,8±6,0 no minuto 5 e 47,1±6,4 mL.Kg-1.min-1 no minuto 60). A FC apresentou comportamento similar ao do VO2, apresentando diferença significativa ao longo do tempo apenas para o sC-C (141,9±9,9 no minuto 5 e 156,8±8,1 bpm no minuto 60). Quando comparadas as duas situações de ciclismo foi observada diferença significante entre os minutos iniciais, 5, 10, 15 e 30. Para a [Lac] no sC-C foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os valores iniciais (1,5±0,6) e os minutos 20 (3,5±1,4), 40 (4,0±2,5) e 60 (3,7±1,8) e para o sN-CC foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os valores iniciais (5,8±1,6), 20 (4,8±2,3) e 60 (4,2±1,9) minutos. Quando realizada a análise entre os simulados foi encontrada diferença significativa apenas no início e aos 20 minutos. Nas três condições analisadas da corrida (controle, C-C, N-C-C) não foram observadas diferenças significativas para VO2 entre os simulados, porém quando analisadas separadamente foi encontrada diferença significativa ao longo do tempo para as três condições. A FC apresentou comportamento similar ao do VO2 ao longo do tempo para as três situações. Por outro lado, quando comparada entre as três situações, para cada intervalo de tempo, não foi encontrada diferença significativa. Para as [Lac] foi encontrada diferença significativa ao longo do tempo (minuto inicial, 10 e 30) para as três condições. Quando comparada entre os grupos foi encontrada diferença significativa do minuto inicial do controlo (1,60±0,31) e sC-C (2,91±1,31mmol.L-1) com o sN-C-C (4,10±1,39). Além do minuto dez do controlo (3,57±1,07) e sC-C (4,21±1,23) em relação ao dez do sN-C-C (5,28±1,88). E ainda do minuto 30 do controle (4,27±0,67) e sC-C (4,02±1,08) para o sN-C-C (5,44±1,66 mmol.L-1). Conclui-se que o exercício prévio de natação e ciclismo não interfere nas respostas cardiorespiratórias (VO2 e FC) da corrida realizada em vMFEL.The pourpose of this study was to determine cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses (VO2max, HR and [Lac]) of trained triathletes during a simulated olympic distance triathlon and analyze the physiological effect of swimming and the cycling with running at MLSS. Eleven trained triathletes (32,2 ± 4,8 years old; 75 ±6,2 kg; 178 ± 0,1cm) performed the following tests in different days: 1) treadmill incremental protocol to evaluate VO2max, IVO2max and LAn; 2) cycle ergometer incremental test with own bicycle to determine VO2max, IVO2max and 70%Pmax; 3) five tests to determine the MLSS; 4) two simulated OT races: a cycling-running (CR) and a swimm-cycle-running triathlon (SCR). When VO2max response during the 60 minutes of cycling was analyzed, a significant difference was found only for the simulated CR(41,8±6,0 at minutes 5 and 47,1±6,4mL.Kg-1.min-1 at minute 60). Similarly, HR presented a significant difference for CR (141,9±9,9 at minute 5 and, 156,8±8,1 bpm at minute 60). When the two distinctive cycling situations were compared, there was a significant difference between the initial minutes, 5, 10, 15 and 30. There was a significant difference for [Lac] in CR, between the initial values (1,5±0,6) and minutes 20 (3,5±1,4), 40 (4,0±2,5) and 60 (3,7±1,8); and for SCR, between the initial values (5,8±1,6), minute 20 (4,8±2,3) and minute 60 (4,2±1,9). When the simulated tests were compared, there was a significant difference only at minute 20. In the three situations of simulated running analyzed control, CR, SCR), significant differences for VO2 were not observed, however when analyzed separately, a significant difference was found throughout the time for all conditions. A similar behavior in HR, to the one of VO2, during the time for the three circumstances. On the other hand, when the situations were compared for each time interval, no significant difference was found. For [Lac], a significant difference was found throughout the time (initial, 10 and 30 minutes) for the three settings. When compared between groups, a significant difference for initial minute of the control was found (1,60±0,31), and CR (2,91±1,31mmol. L-1) with SCR (4,10±1,39); as well as at minute ten of the control (3,57±1,07) and CR (4,21±1,23) in association to minute ten of SCR (5,28±1,88) and at minute 30 of the control (4,27±0,67) and CR (4,02±1,08) to SCR (5,44±1,66 mmol. L-1). The author can conclude that the previous exercise of swimming and cycling does not intervene with the cardiorespiratory answers (VO2max and HR) with running at vMLSS
Influence of host genetic origin and geographic location on QPX disease in northern quahogs (=hard clams), Mercenaria mercenaria
No full textAuthor Posting. © National Shellfisheries Association, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of National Shellfisheries Association for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Shellfish Research 26 (2007): 109-119, doi:10.2983/0730-8000(2007)26[109:IOHGOA]2.0.CO;2.QPX (Quahog Parasite Unknown) a protistan pathogen of northern quahogs (=hard clams), Mercenaria mercenaria, has caused disease outbreaks in maritime Canada, and in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, and Virginia, USA. Although epizootics have occurred in wild hard clam populations, the parasite has most seriously affected cultured hard clams, suggesting that aquaculture practices may promote or predispose clams to the disease. In this investigation the influence of clam genetic origin and the geographic location at where they are grown on QPX disease susceptibility was examined in a common garden experiment. Aquaculture stocks were acquired from hatcheries in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Virginia, South Carolina, and Florida and spawned at a single hatchery in Virginia. All stocks were originally, although not exclusively, derived from wild hard clam populations from each state. The seed clams were deployed at two sites, New Jersey and Virginia, and evaluated during the subsequent 2.5 y for growth, survival, and QPX disease. At both sites, South Carolina- and Florida-derived clam stocks exhibited significantly higher QPX prevalence and lower survival than New Jersey and Massachusetts clam stocks. Levels in the Virginia stock were intermediate. In Virginia, mortality at the termination of the experiment was 78%, 52%, 36%, 33%, and 20% in the Florida, South Carolina, Virginia, Massachusetts, and New Jersey hard clam stocks, respectively. Mortality was significantly correlated with QPX prevalence. Maximum QPX prevalence in the South Carolina and Florida stocks ranged from 19% to 21% and 27% to 29%, respectively, whereas in the Virginia, New Jersey, and Massachusetts stocks prevalence was 10% or less. Similar trends were observed in New Jersey where mortality at the termination of the experiment was estimated to be 53%, 40%, 20%, 6%, and 4% in the Florida, South Carolina, Virginia, Massachusetts, and New Jersey clam stocks, respectively. QPX prevalence peaked at 18% in the Florida stock, 38% in the South Carolina, 18% in the Virginia, and 5% in the New Jersey and Massachusetts stocks. These results suggest that host genotype is an important determinant in susceptibility to QPX disease. As such, hard clam culturist should consider the genetic origin of clam seed stocks an important component of their QPX disease avoidance/management strategies.This project
was funded by the Saltonstall-Kennedy Program (Grant Number
NA96FD0075)
