13 research outputs found
Dons d organes (comment sont-ils vécus par les proches ?)
No full textObjectifs : évaluer la compréhension et le vécu des proches de patients pour lesquels un projet de poursuite des soins dans une optique de dons d'organes est initié dès les urgences.(protocole mis en place à Nantes entre les urgences, la réanimation médicale et la coordination) Evaluer les modalités de prise en charge de ces patients et la qualité de l'information délivrée par les soignants. Matériel et modalités de recueil des données : recueil de données prospectif sur 1 an (du 31 juillet 2010 au 31 juillet 2011) au CHU de Nantes concernant les données socio-démographiques et de prise en charge médicale des patients, le bilan de prélevabilité, l'abord des proches par les soignants et questionnaire adressé aux proches (par courrier ou téléphone) pour évaluer leur compréhension et leur vécu d'une telle démarche. Résultats : 20 patients ont été inclus. Leur moyenne d'âge était de 74,1 ans. Il s'agissait d'AVC hémorragique dans 16 cas sur 20. Tous été considéré hors de toute ressource thérapeutique à l'issu d'une réflexion collégiale. Il s'agissait de patients vasculaires dans la plupart des cas. Leur score de Glasgow à la prise en charge initiale était <6 dans 15 cas. Leur prise en charge initiale et le bilan de prélevabilité respecte le protocole élaboré L'information sur la possibilité du don a été délivrée aux proches par un trinôme urgentiste, réanimateur et coordination dans 5 cas seulement. La médiane du nombre d'entretien réalisé par les soignants est de 2. Concernant les familles, 16 réponses reçues avec le témoignage d'un sentiment global de satisfaction sur la qualité de l'information reçue et sur le temps passé par les soignants pour expliquer le projet. Témoignage fréquemment positif concernant le savoir-être des équipes, l'accueil et l'accompagnement chez les proches ayant approuvé ou non le don. Concernant le devenir des patients : 6 refus de dons, 5 contre-indications médicales, 2 patients n'ayant pas évolué vers la mort encéphalique, 1 problème technique contre-indiquant le don, 1 ACR non récupéré, 1 patient récusé en réanimation, 1 patient dont la cause d'échec de PMO n'est pas retrouvée, 3 PMO aboutis. Conclusion : Un sentiment global de satisfaction des familles encourageant la poursuite de cette prise en charge. Nécessité d'évaluer en continu cette démarche pour améliorer les pratiques en matière d'accueil et de communication. Discussion à initier auprès des citoyens sur la place de leur choix concernant le don dans leurs directives anticipées.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Data integration methods to account for spatial niche truncation effects in regional projections of species distribution
No full textMany species distribution models (SDMs) are built with precise but geographically restricted presence-absence datasets (e.g. a country) where only a subset of the environmental conditions experienced by a species across its range is considered (i.e. spatial niche truncation). This type of truncation is worrisome because it can lead to incorrect predictions e.g. when projecting to future climatic conditions belonging to the species niche but unavailable in the calibration area. Data from citizen-science programs, species range maps or atlases covering the full species range can be used to capture those parts of the species’ niche that are missing regionally. However, these data usually are too coarse or too biased to support regional management. Here, we aim to (1) demonstrate how varying degrees of spatial niche truncation affect SDMs projections when calibrated with climatically-truncated regional datasets and (2) test the performance of different methods to harness information from larger-scale datasets presenting different spatial resolutions to solve the spatial niche truncation problem. We used simulations to compare the performance of the different methods, and applied them to a real dataset to predict the future distribution of a plant species (Potentilla aurea) in Switzerland. SDMs calibrated with geographically restricted datasets expectedly provided biased predictions when projected outside the calibration area or time period. Approaches integrating information from larger-scale datasets using hierarchical data integration methods usually reduced this bias. However, their performance varied depending on the level of spatial niche truncation and how data were combined. Interestingly, while some methods (e.g. data pooling, downscaling) performed well on both simulated and real data, others (e.g. those based on a Poisson point process) performed better on real data, indicating a dependency of model performance on the simulation process (e.g. shape of simulated response curves). Based on our results, we recommend to use different data integration methods and, whenever possible, to make a choice depending on model performance. In any case, an ensemble modelling approach can be used to account for uncertainty in how niche truncation is accounted for and identify areas where similarities/dissimilarities exist across methods
Tactile aesthetics : textures that we like or hate to touch
No full textInternational audienceConsidering object identification and recognition as well as human interaction with objects, texture as a surface property plays a crucial role. A deeper understanding of tactile aesthetics can be useful in the applied field such as in product designs that appeal more to our senses and that are more effective in eliciting certain emotional responses from a potential consumer. In the present study, behavioral experiments were performed using unfamiliar custom-made dot pattern stimuli under two complementary questionings. The first question focused on the tactile perceptive attributes related to topographical characteristics of the textures exhibited by the material surfaces. The second question focused on the texture pleasantness related both to the perceptive attributes and to the topographical characteristics of the textures. The perspective of this work opens on complementary fields of research such as neurosciences to determine the brain mechanisms in the processing of the pleasantness of tactile stimuli
A novel locus on chromosome 1 underlies the evolution of a melanic plumage polymorphism in a wild songbird
No full textUnderstanding the mechanisms responsible for phenotypic diversification within and among species ultimately rests with linking naturally occurring mutations to functionally and ecologically significant traits. Colour polymorphisms are of great interest in this context because discrete colour patterns within a population are often controlled by just a few genes in a common environment. We investigated how and why phenotypic diversity arose and persists inthe Zosterops borbonicus white-eye of Reunion (Mascarene archipelago), a colour polymorphic songbird in which all highland populations contain individuals belonging to either a brown or a grey plumage morph. Using extensive phenotypic and genomic data, we demonstrate that this melaninbased colour polymorphism is controlled by a single locus on chromosome 1 with two large-effect alleles, which was not previously described as affecting hair or feather colour. Differences between colourmorphs appear to rely upon complex cis-regulatory variation that either prevents the synthesis of pheomelanin in grey feathers, or increases its production in brown ones. We used coalescent analyses to show that, from a ‘brown’ ancestral population, the dominant ‘grey’ allele spread quickly once it arose from a new mutation. Since colourmorphs are always found inmixture, this implies that the selected allele does not go to fixation, but instead reaches an intermediate frequency, as would be expected under balancing selection.Peer reviewe
The enemy from within: a prophage of Roseburia intestinalis systematically turns lytic in the mouse gut, driving bacterial adaptation by CRISPR spacer acquisition
No full textInternational audienc
Narrow hybrid zones in spite of very low population differentiation in neutral markers in an island bird species complex
No full textPatterns of phenotypic and genic frequencies across hybrid zones provide insight into the origin and evolution of reproductive isolation. The Reunion grey white‐eye, Zosterops borbonicus, exhibits parapatrically distributed plumage colour forms across the lowlands of the small volcanic island of Reunion (Mascarene archipelago). These forms meet and hybridize in regions that are natural barriers to dispersal (rivers, lava fields). Here, we investigated the relationship among patterns of differentiation at neutral genetic (microsatellite) markers, phenotypic traits (morphology and plumage colour) and niche characteristics across three independent hybrid zones. Patterns of phenotypic divergence revealed that these hybrid zones are among the narrowest ever documented in birds. However, the levels of phenotypic divergence stand in stark contrast to the lack of clear population neutral genetic structure between forms. The position of the hybrid zones coincides with different natural physical barriers, yet is not associated with steep changes in vegetation and related climatic variables, and major habitat transitions are shifted from these locations by at least 18 km. This suggests that the hybrid zones are stabilized over natural dispersal barriers, independently of environmental boundaries, and are not associated with niche divergence. A striking feature of these hybrid zones is the very low levels of genetic differentiation in neutral markers between forms, suggesting that phenotypic divergence has a narrow genetic basis and may reflect recent divergence at a few linked genes under strong selection, with a possible role for assortative mating in keeping these forms apart.The first author was supported by a MESR (Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche) PhD scholarship during this study. The work was funded by Agence Française pour le Développement, a National Geographic Society Grant, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), the ‘Laboratoire d'Excellence’ TULIP (ANR‐10‐LABX‐41) and the SYNTHESYS Project (http://www.synthesys.info/) which was financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 ‘Capacities’ Programme at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) in Madrid, Spain.Peer Reviewe
Carbon and oxygen isotope signals from the Callovian-Oxfordian in French sedimentary basins.
No full text3 pagesInternational audienceHigh-resolution carbon and oxygen isotope data from the Paris Basin and the Subalpine Basin (France) are available in a precise biostratigraphic framework for the Callovian-Oxfordian stages. A biostratigraphically well-constrained δ13C curve, derived from bulk carbonates in the Paris Basin and the Subalpine Basin, is provided in order to document carbon-cycle evolution and to serve as a chemostratigraphic reference for the Callovian-Oxfordian in the Tethyan domain. Sea-temperature reconstructions, using diagenetically screened belemnite and oyster data, reveal major climate perturbations at the Middle-Late Jurassic transition
Data for microsatellites, spectrophotometry and melanins dosage
No full textThis file contains 1) microsatellites data in GENPOP format, 2) morphometric data for birds included in the pedigree analysis, 3) Spectrophotometry measurements and 4) Results from the dosage of melanins for 12 individuals. Localities coordinates are also provided
Unfiltered VCF file for 42 individuals
No full textSNPs calls for individual GBS data from the same three localities as in Pooled RAD-seq. Colors and localities for each individuals are provided in a separate excel file
Information about individuals included in the GBS VCF file
No full textMorph and localities for each individual included in the GBS study
