58 research outputs found
Selvutvikling som gudserkjennelse : en studie av Gayatri-meditasjon som hinduistiskpreget nyåndelighet
No full textMaster's thesis in Theology. School of Mission and Theology, May 201
Hellige planter – åndelige erfaringer : En studie av rituell praksis med ayahuasca der elementer fra naturen inngår i meningskonstruksjoner og transformasjoner
No full textHovedmålet med denne studien er å kartlegge og analysere rituell praksis med ayahuasca. Studien er kvalitativ og basert på feltarbeid ved deltakende observasjon og dybdeintervjuer. Det er informantenes tilegnede erfaringer og virkelighetsforståelser som danner grunnlag for studien og som vil kunne gi nyansert forståelse for fenomenet. Studien gir svar på hva som karakteriserer rituell praksis med ayahuasca og informantenes subjektive erfaringer knyttet til den rituelle praksisen. Praksisen viser sterk affinitet til det sanselige, det kroppslige og naturorienterte. Studien belyser sammenhenger mellom det åndelige og det materielle, og analyseres som sensorisk praksis og materialistisk spiritualitet (Tanya Luhrmann, Peter J. Bräunlein).
Deltakernes erfarte transformasjoner ses i lys av mestringsstrategier og meningskonstruksjoner. Teorier om religiøs mestring (Kenneth I. Pargament) og mening (Tatjana Schnell) benyttes som analytiske redskap. Funnene forteller oss om meningskriser, reetablering av mening, mestring og menneskers åndelige lengsler i vår tid. Studien viser hvordan elementer fra naturen kan erfares som bærere av åndelighet og religiøse rammeverk og bidrar til å gi innblikk i verdensforståelser der naturen er levende, besjelet og hellig. Teorier om nyanimisme og økospiritualitet (Graham Harvey, Bron Taylor) belyser informantenes nærhet til naturen og hvordan de erfarer å kunne kommunisere med naturen, og da særlig med det de omtaler som hellige planter. Informantene forholder seg til plantene som sakramenter, autoriteter og som midler for kommunikasjon med den åndelige verden.
Erfaringsaspektet i religiøsitet utforskes og utfordres i denne studien ved at erfaringene har fremkommet etter inntak av entheogene planter som gir hallusinasjoner. Bruk av psykedelika er blitt en del av samtidsspiritualiteten i Vesten, og dette fordrer en religionsvitenskapelig diskusjon av begrepene rus- og åndelige erfaringer (Ann Taves, Christopher Partridge og Wouter Hanegraaff). Studien stiller spørsmål om erfaringenes opphav, innhold og konsekvenser, om skillelinjer mellom åndelige erfaringer og andre erfaringer, mellom kropp og åndelighet. På den måten knyttes teorier om åndelige erfaringer sammen med teorier om nyanimisme, mystisisme og nyåndelighet. Dette gir økt forståelse for det informantene beskriver som livstransformerende erfaringer. Funnene i studien viser at informantene selv kaller dette for åndelige erfaringer og at de opplever en form for ego-død under seremoniene, der grenser utviskes, og der de forenes med noe større enn seg selv. Studien viser at deltakerne erfarer dette «som å komme hjem». Åndelige erfaringer i denne studien handler om et felt som er i stadig bevegelse og som er et spenningsfelt mellom det åndelige og det materielle, det kroppslige og sanselige. Dette munner ut i et nytt begrep for å beskrive denne form for spiritualitet: entheogen enhetsspiritualitet. Det er har vært forholdsvis lite forskning på bruk av ayahuasca i religiøs kontekst i Norge. Det er mitt håp at denne studien vil kunne bidra til å utvide forståelsen av hva åndelige erfaringer og rituelle praksiser kan være og gjøre og slik gi nyansert forståelse for fenomenet. Dermed kan vi få kjennskap til en form for rituell praksis som mange i vår tid i Norge ikke kjenner til
One-year trial of 12-hour shifts in a non-intensive care unit and an intensive care unit in a public hospital: a qualitative study of 24 nurses’ experiences
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Qualitative research
Research
One-year trial of 12-hour shifts in a non-intensive care unit and an intensive care unit in a public hospital: a qualitative study of 24 nurses’ experiences
Solveig Osborg Ose, Maria Suong Tjønnås, Silje Lill Kaspersen, Hilde Færevik
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Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to provide recommendations to hospital owners and employee unions about developing efficient, sustainable and safe work-hour agreements. Employees at two clinics of a hospital, one a non-intensive care and the other a newborn intensive care unit (ICU), trialled 12-hour shifts on weekends for 1 year.
Methods We systematically recorded the experiences of 24 nurses’ working 12-hour shifts, 16 in the medical unit and 8 in the ICU for 1 year. All were interviewed before, during and at the end of the trial period. The interview material was recorded, transcribed to text and coded systematically.
Results The experiences of working 12-hour shifts differed considerably between participants, especially those in the ICU. Their individual experiences differed in terms of health consequences, effects on their family, appreciation of extra weekends off, perceived effects on patients and perceived work task flexibility.
Conclusions The results indicate that individual preference for working 12-hour shifts is a function of own health situation, family situation, work load tolerance, degree of sleep problems, personality and other factors. If the goal is to recruit and retain nurses, nurses should be free to choose to work 12-hour shifts
Når en autismediagnose blir livsomveltende. En analyse av Kunsten å feike arabisk (2021) av Lina Liman.
No full textDet er flere gutter enn jenter som utredes for autisme (NHI, 2021). Autisme, også kalt autismespekterdiagnose (ASD), har et bredt spekter av diagnosekriterier. Dette gjør diagnosen svært individuell. Hos noen kan diagnosetrekkene være såpass nyansert eller «skjult», at det kan være vanskelig å oppdage. Forfatter og journalist Lina Liman skriver om konsekvenser av å bli å diagnostisert med autisme (for) sent i sin selvbiografi Konsten att fejka arabiska (2017). Boken er skrevet kronologisk, med innslag av generell informasjon om autismediagnosen. Forfatteren forteller om sin vei til diagnosen, ved å se tilbake på egen oppvekst, og tiden som ung.
Denne analysen utforsker to ulike vinklinger som forfatteren vektlegger når hun forteller sin historie. Den ene vinklingen handler om hvordan forfatteren ser tilbake på oppveksten, fra et ståsted der hun allerede har fått diagnosen. Her overholder hun et diagnostisk blikk over ulike hendelser, for å rettferdiggjøre og begrunne hennes tidligere oppfatning av seg selv. Unge Lina skammet seg over å være «annerledes», men visste ikke at hun hadde ASD. Den andre vinklingen handler om kulturelle forventninger og stereotypier knyttet til autismen, og om hvordan forfatteren nyanserer disse på flere vis. Begge vinklingene knyttes opp mot problemstillingen «Hvilken funksjon får den sene autismediagnosen for Limans forståelse av sin egen identitet?», og drøftes i lys av en forståelse av autismediagnosen som identitetsskapende. Hva har ett ord, én diagnose, å si for et menneskets forståelse av seg selv?There are fewer girls than boys who are examined for autism (NHI, 2021). Autism, also called "autism spectrum diagnosis" (ASD), has a wide range of diagnostic criteria. This makes the diagnosis very individual. For some people, the diagnostic features can be so nuanced or "hidden", that it can be difficult to detect. Author and journalist Lina Liman writes about the consequences of being diagnosed with autism (too) late in her autobiography Konsten att fejka arabiska (2017). The book is written chronologically, with elements of general information about the autism diagnosis. The author tells us about her path to the diagnosis, by looking back on her own upbringing, and her time as a young woman.
This analysis explores two different angles, that the author uses when she tells her story. One angle is about how the author looks back at her childhood, from a point of view where she has already been diagnosed. Here she uses a diagnostic view of various events, to justify her previous perception of herself. Young Lina was ashamed of being "different", but did not know she had ASD. The second angle is about cultural expectations and stereotypes associated with autism, and about how the author nuances these in several ways. Both angles are linked to this analysis' main issue: "What function does the late autism diagnosis have for Leman's understanding of his own identity?", and are discussed in light of an understanding of the autism diagnosis as identity-creating. What does one word, one diagnosis, have to say for a person's understanding of themselves
A Hero in the Friendly Arctic: Deconstructing Vilhjalmur Stefansson's Rhetorical Maneuver
No full textThe article deals with Arctic explorer and anthropologist Vilhjalmur Stefansson's self-presentation in the expedition account The Friendly Arctic: The Story of Five Years in Polar Regions (1921), which tells the story of his travels and trials in the Canadian High Arctic in the years between 1913-1918. The account has been considered a key text to Stefansson's Arctic career, and provides a textbook example of his characteristic theory of living off the country in the so-called Eskimo way. Against the background of Stefansson's debated position as Arctic expert and visionary, I ask if it is possible to read the kind of criticism with which Stefansson frequently was met as rooted in some of the narrative aspects of his account. The narrative persona or implied author is a central element in the literature of exploration, as several literary scholars have pointed out. My reading is centred around the implied author of The Friendly Arctic, which I argue must be read in light of the sometimes conflicting roles given to Stefansson as protagonist and narrator in his own story. Close-readings of passages from the account raise the dilemma of how it is possible to present oneself as a hero in an essentially friendly Arctic
«Jeg har aldri drømt om hverken stokker eller paraplyer» – An examination of womanhood, sexuality and psychoanalysis in Edith Øberg’s novels Innvielse and Den hvite poppelen
No full textMasteroppgåve i nordisk litteratur Institutt for lingvistiske, litterære og estetiske studium Universitetet i Bergen Mai 2017 Student: Silje-Marie Kvernøy Sandnes Rettleiar: Pål Bjørby Tittel: «Jeg har aldri drømt om hverken stokker eller paraplyer» Undertittel: Ei utforsking av kvinnelegheit, seksualitet og psykoanalyse i Edith Øberg sine romanar Innvielse og Den hvite poppelen Edith Øberg var ein forfattar tydeleg prega av si eiga samtid, mellomkrigstida, og forfattarskapet hennar er sterkt influert av dei mange samtidige debattane, særleg kring nye former for kvinnelegheit, kvinneleg seksualitet og psykoanalytiske teoriar. Denne masteroppgåva er ei karakteranalyse av hovudkarakterane i dei to siste romanane hennar, parromanane Innvielse frå 1940 og Den hvite poppelen frå 1945. Romanane handsamar det same romanuniverset, men fokuserer på kvar sin hovudperson – skomakardottera Tove i Innvielse og legedottera Anne-Marie i Den hvite poppelen. Eg har tatt utgangspunkt i nokre av dei mest sentrale punkta i dei samtidige debattane knytt til kvinna og kvinnelegheita for å sjå på kva måte Øberg har nytta desse i framskrivinga av dei to hovudpersonane. Begge romanane er delt i to delar med eitt nedslag i tidleg ungdomstid og eitt medan hovudpersonen er i midten av 30-åra. I Innvielse er desse to delane strukturert kronologisk, medan dei er plassert motsett i Den hvite poppelen. Eg argumenterer for at strukturen syner både viktige tematisk trekk ved den einskilde romanen og korleis Øberg har latt seg inspirere av dei psykoanalytiske teoriane på ulike måtar i dei to romanane. Innvielse er forma som ein utviklingsroman der lesaren får kjennskap til dei siste stadia av den psykoseksuelle utvikling til Tove. Utviklinga hennar er særleg prega av oppveksten i ein fattig, konfliktfylt familie og frykta for den mannlege, driftsstyrde seksualiteten. Lesinga mi syner så at Øberg nyttar seg av Wilhelm Reich sin teori om karakterpansring for å skildre korleis Tove trekker seg inn i seg sjølv, «blir til metall», for å verne seg mot omverda. Den hvite poppelen er forma som ein erindringsroman der fokuset i større grad ligg på Anne-Marie sine gløymte barndomsminne og fortrenginga av eigne seksuelle kjensler. Medan resepsjonen i stor grad les Anne-Marie som ei mannleggjort intellektuell yrkeskvinne som har stengt av det kvinnelege i seg, viser analysen min at Øberg òg opnar for moglegheita for å lese Anne-Marie som ei homoseksuell kvinne som har fortrengt begjæret sitt, og arbeidet hennar som gynekolog som eit teikn på sublimering. Analysen min viser at Øberg i stor grad er inspirert av dei samtidige psykoanalytiske teoriane i framskrivinga av desse to kvinnelege hovudkarakterane, men utan at karakterportretta blir skjematiske. På same tid argumenterer eg for at Øberg tidvis nyttar seg av det freudianske tankegodset på ein nærmast ironisk måte, særskilt i bruken av seksualsymbolikk frå draumelæra til Freud, noko som til dels kan ha villeia den tidlegare forskinga på desse romanane, særleg Den hvite poppelen.MA thesis in Nordic Literature Department of Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies University of Bergen May 2017 Student: Silje-Marie Kvernøy Sandnes Tutor: Pål Bjørby Title: «Jeg har aldri drømt om hverken stokker eller paraplyer» Subtitle: An examination of womanhood, sexuality and psychoanalysis in Edith Øberg’s novels Innvielse and Den hvite poppelen Edith Øberg was an author clearly influenced by her age, the interwar period, and her authorship is strongly influenced by the many contemporary debates, especially concerning new forms of womanhood, female sexuality and psychoanalytical theories. This master thesis is a character analysis of the main characters in her two latest novels, Innvielse from 1940 and Den hvite poppelen from 1945. The novels deal with the same universe, but focus on two different main characters – the shoemaker’s daughter Tove in Innvielse, and the doctor’s daughter Anne-Marie in Den hvite poppelen. I have taken as my departure point some of the main points from the contemporary debates concerning women and femininity in order to explore how Øberg has used these in the writing of the two characters. Both novels are in two parts with one part taking place in early youth and the second in the characters’ mid-30s. In Innvielse these parts are structured chronologically, while they are interchanged in Den hvite poppelen. I argue that the structure both shows important thematic aspects of each novel, and how Øberg has been inspired by psychoanalytical theories in different ways in the two novels. Innvielse is shaped as a coming-of-age novel where the reader gains knowledge of the last stages in Tove’s psycho-sexual development. Her development is influenced in particular by her upbringing in a poor, conflicting family, and fear of the male, instinctual sexuality. My reading shows that Øberg applies Wilhelm Reich’s theory on character armour to describe how Tove withdraws into herself, “becomes metal [my translation]”, in order to protect herself against the outside world. Den hvite poppelen is written as a novel of remembrance which mainly focuses on Anne-Marie’s hidden childhood memories and suppression of her sexual sensations. While the contemporary reception to a large extent read the character Anne-Marie as a masculinized intellectual working woman who has locked away her feminine sides, my analysis shows that Øberg also opens for the possibility to read Anne-Marie as a homosexual woman who has repressed her desire, and that her work as a gynaecologist is a sign of sublimation. My analysis shows that Øberg to a large extent is inspired by contemporary psychoanalytical theories in the writing of these two female characters, without the portrayal becoming schematic. Simultaneously, I argue that Øberg occasionally employs the Freudian conceptions almost ironically, especially in utilizing sexual symbols from Freud’s dream theories, which might have misled the earlier research on these novels, especially Den hvite poppelen.Mastergradsoppgåve i nordiskNOLISP35
Design of a framework to co-create applications in a hangar environment
No full textNew, innovative technologies are important. More and more companies are using digital technologies to their benefit. The act of leveraging such digital technologies to enable organisational improvements in a strategic way is called a digital transformation. In such transformations, the customer experience, operational processes and business models need to be reconfigured in order to get ahead of the forces for change in the digital age. If a company only focuses on technology, the transformation might fail, as also the daily work of people will change due to the digital transformation. Therefore, also human-centric challenges need to be tackled in a digital transformation strategy. In order to create value with new digital technologies in a transformation program, it is important to understand needs of the people affected by the new digital technologies. The extent to which needs are met determines what value is attached to the digital artefact. Therefore, many strategies exist for uncovering user needs and involving users in the sense-making of the research topics for new product development. However, no strategies exist that tell how to combine such co-creation with software development to better meet user needs with features of digital artefacts.This provides new opportunities for the development of a co-creation framework for software development. This thesis explores how to incorporate co-creation in agile software development. This is done for the department of a European-based airline. By involving their users in the creation of digital artefacts, the company will better know what users want and increase the value created with the artefacts of the digital transformation program. Currently, this airline uses the Scrum framework to develop iPad applications. They find user needs but do not manage to translate those needs into the right product backlog items for the software development. Product backlog items are descriptions of user needs that explain to the development team what needs to be made in the application features. This thesis, therefore, answers the following research question:How can co-creation be used to give support during the translation of user needs into product backlog items?This research question is answered by following a double diamond design process, that includes both research activities and design experiments to create insights needed to answer the research question. A detailed literature review is conducted the understand the current context of co-creation, value creation and software development. Moreover, two ethnographic studies are performed to understand the company’s context and problem that is being faced. The research insights are translated in a co-creation framework outline. Based on this framework a co-creation process and several tools that together serve as a design solution are developed. This process and tools are designed based on several creative sessions and experiments that reveal what design principles do and do not work. Finally, a framework evaluation test is performed in the hangar environment, validating the principles of the design solution. Based on the evaluation insights, the design solution is extended, and recommendations for implementation and further research are given. <br/
Future of Mobility: Sustainable equity through equalisation and mobilisation of socio-economic centres
No full textThe general concept and meaning of mobility have been changing and evolving since the start of mankind. Mobility has become more than getting from point A to B. Mobility is changing from solely being a means to reach a specific goal into being a goal on its own. PwC also realized this. However, at this moment PwC has no vision to do something with this mobility paradigm shift for themselves or their clients. This graduation project focused on the development this mobility vision for PwC and a design based on this vision. This is formulated in the assignment: Design a meaningful product (- service system) that enables, facilitates or improves personal mobility, in the Netherlands, by 2035.Through conducting research, I created a future context. The future context is composed out of twelve cases in which people are unable to take personal responsibility for their mobility. It prevents them from creating favorable conditions in which they and others are able to create a better self. Together with PwC I decided to focus on the increasing socio-economic inequality case because, positively contributing to that case is most in line with PwC’s own vision. The selected case is about people are not able to take personal responsibly to effectively use their mobility to grow their prosperity or that of others, due to new (global) external factors.I created a mobility vision for PwC that is focused at delivering a positive contribution to the above-mentioned problem. The goal of the vision is: PwC wants people to responsibly use their short-term mobility to create a better self. Essential is that the success of it depends on the increase and/or improvement in short- and long-term socio-economic prospects for themselves and others too. Moreover, these prospectives should honor the creation of a better world for flora and fauna. PwC can achieve this by: Creating with people’s mobility surplus personal interdependencies, between people’s short- and long-term socio-economic prospects.Flock has been created to realize this vision. Flock is a mobility system, owned by the Dutch government, which uses road pricing to charge users based on their departure and arrival location of their journey. Users traveling from a geographical area, which is valuable for society, to another area which is less valuable will be charged less than vice versa. Flock calls these geographical ‘mobility epicentres’. This leads to more socio-economic equality which is more uniformly spread in the Netherlands on the long-term. Additionally, Flock offers people the ability to participate in a nation-wide de-centralized mobility network. People participate by investing in it with a privately-owned product that is capable of providing mobility. This is called ‘mobility virtualization’. If done successfully, the user will be granted access to means that are invested by others in the network that provide mobility. This can be in the same or different mobility epicenters. The government is in possession of a desktop application and the user, mostly Dutch citizens, are in possession of a smartphone app to interact with the mobility system.Integrated Product Desig
Redesigning the deboarding experience
No full textYou are almost at your holiday destination. The ‘fasten your seatbelt’ sign just turned on and the plane started descending. After landing it is time to get out of this confined space, but all the other passengers are thinking the same thing. Everyone stands in the aisle, trying to get their hand luggage out of the overhead bin and exit the plane at the same time. Arriving at the gate you feel relieved you are out and can really start your holiday. The deboarding experience is not the best experience of flying. And seeing it from the perspective of the airline, the delays caused by this process are increasing. To investigate this issue a project was executed at Brussels Airlines. A research observing the deboarding of 28 flights showed the causes for blocks in the passenger flow going out of the plane. Four out of five are related to the hand luggage people bring. An A-B test with 16 passengers shows taking away the trolleys can save up to 80% of the deboarding time. Therefore, five concepts are proposed to make the deboarding smoother by changing the behaviour of people regarding hand luggage. The proposed concepts vary from informing people about the process of deboarding, having a new boarding & deboarding strategy based on the luggage people bring, convince people to bring less hand luggage giving direct feedback on their luggage at the airport, setting up a sharing community at every destination and the last concept focusses on educating people about the consequences of hand luggage in a game. The last concept is delivered as a final concept and explained more detailed. The concept called ‘The luggage games’ is a smartphone application passengers can play before they fly. It includes three different mini-games, related to 3 parts of the passenger journey while flying which include hand luggage. The passenger gets positive feedback when packing light and making sure the plane is boarded and deboarded smoothly with hand luggage. Negative feedback will be given when too much hand luggage is on board, informing the passenger about consequences of the hand luggage on operations and with direct consequence on the flying experience. This way people can learn what the consequences are of bringing a lot of hand luggage and make them more aware the next time they pack their bag for inside the cabin. This solution will therefore inform the passengers, nudging them towards taking less hand luggage in a fun way instead of simply banning the hand luggage from the plane as a rule set by the airline.Design for Interactio
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