70 research outputs found
Internal structure and quality assessment of fresh truffle Tuber melanosporum by means of magnetic resonance imaging spectroscopy
No full textIn the present article, magnetic resonance imaging spectroscopy (MRI) was used to study fresh black truffle, with the aim of elucidating the internal structure, the effects of fungal invasion, and physical changes occurring in post-harvest. MRI is a non-destructive and non-invasive analytical technique offering the almost unique opportunity of studying foodstuff while leaving it intact, without any sample preparation. The internal morphology and modifications induced by external agents (e.g. fungal invasion, diseases, dehydration) are some of the aspects addressed by means of this innovative analytical tool
Sexual-Sparing Radical Cystectomy in the Robot-Assisted Era: A Review on Functional and Oncological Outcomes
No full textBackground/Objectives: Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, but it often results in significant functional impairments, including sexual and urinary dysfunction, adversely affecting quality of life (QoL). Sexual-sparing robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) has been introduced to mitigate these effects. This review evaluates the oncological and functional outcomes of sexual-sparing RARC in male and female patients. Methods: A systematic literature search identified 15 studies including 793 patients who underwent sexual-sparing RARC using techniques such as nerve-sparing, capsule-sparing, and pelvic organ-preserving approaches. Data on oncological and functional outcomes were analyzed. Results: Sexual-sparing RARC achieves oncological outcomes comparable to open RC, with negative surgical margin (NSM) rates exceeding 95% in most studies. RFS and CSS rates were robust, often surpassing 85% at intermediate follow-ups. Functional outcomes were also favorable, with continence rates exceeding 90% and erectile function recovery surpassing 70% in well-selected male patients. Female patients undergoing pelvic organ-preserving techniques demonstrated improved continence, preserved sexual function, and enhanced QoL. Patient selection emerged as critical, favoring those with organ-confined disease and good baseline function. Conclusions: Sexual-sparing RARC offers a promising balance between oncological control and functional preservation, making it an effective option for selected patients. Further research is needed to refine techniques and establish standardized protocols for broader adoption
Effectiveness of Nebulized Beclomethasone in Preventing Viral Wheezing: An RCT
No full textOBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nebulized beclomethasone in preventing the recurrence of viral wheezing.METHODS:The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Outpatient children aged 1 to 5 years with at least 1 episode of viral wheezing in the last 12 months, presenting to any of 40 Italian pediatricians for an upper respiratory tract infection, were randomly allocated to receive beclomethasone 400 g or placebo twice daily for 10 days. Medications were administered through a nebulizer. A clinical evaluation was performed by the pediatrician at the start and end of the treatment period. A subjective evaluation of symptoms and efficacy of treatment was performed by the parents. The primary endpoint was the incidence of viral wheezing diagnosed by the pediatricians during the 10-day treatment period.RESULTS:A total of 525 children were enrolled in the study, 521 of whom were visited at the end of the treatment period. Wheezing was diagnosed by the pediatricians in 47 children (9.0% [95% confidence interval: 6.7 to 11.3]), with no statistically significant differences between treatment groups (beclomethasone versus placebo relative risk: 0.61 [95% confidence interval: 0.35 to 1.08]).The treatment was considered helpful by 63% of parents (64% in the beclomethasone group vs 61% in the placebo group). In all, 46% of children still had infection symptoms at the end of the treatment period, with no differences between groups.CONCLUSIONS:The findings from this study confirm that inhaled steroids are not effective in preventing recurrence of viral wheezing. Moreover, no benefits were found in reducing symptoms of respiratory tract infections
Prawda w procesie karnym
No full textThe article Truth in criminal trial points out great importance of facts in every criminal procedure. The author presents a new look at some legal regulations in Poland. For example he strongly criticizes laws (and practice!) which forbid disclosure of a criminal’s personal data. It is just unfair towards decent citizens because they might be future victims of such criminals. By the way: veritatem sequi est tueri iustitiam.The article Truth in criminal trial points out great importance of facts in every criminal procedure. The author presents a new look at some legal regulations in Poland. For example he strongly criticizes laws (and practice!) which forbid disclosure of a criminal’s personal data. It is just unfair towards decent citizens because they might be future victims of such criminals. By the way: veritatem sequi est tueri iustitiam
Truth in criminal trial
No full textThe article Truth in criminal trial points out great importance of facts in every criminal procedure. The author presents a new look at some legal regulations in Poland. For example he strongly
criticizes laws (and practice!) which forbid disclosure of a criminal’s personal data. It is just unfair
towards decent citizens because they might be future victims of such criminals. By the way: veritatem sequi est tueri iustitiam
Naturam sequi: o mundo natural e o espaço do humano na poesia de Séneca
No full textTese de doutoramento em Estudos Clássicos , no ramo de Mundo Antigo, apresentada ao Departamento de Línguas, Literaturas e Culturas da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de CoimbraDiligente instrumento de pedagogia da uirtus, o estoicismo moldou o pensamento de Séneca. Uma das grandes máximas da doutrina do Pórtico, que ecoa por toda a obra do autor, é naturam sequi – ‘viver de acordo com a natureza’. Assim, para atingir a suprema virtude, defendem os estóicos que o homem deve submeter-se à lei da natureza que é lógos e expressão da vontade divina, na observância de uma ordem cósmica universal. Estabelecem, portanto, uma correlação directa entre razão e natureza, felicidade e moral: agir de forma moralmente aceitável implica adequar as decisões humanas à racionalidade da lex naturae. A este propósito, já as considerações das Naturales Quaestiones reflectem o amplo fascínio pelos fenómenos meteorológicos e mecanismos cósmicos, fundando a moral no conhecimento da phýsis. Com efeito, a sua dramaturgia também não foi estranha a esta influência: entre outras, plasmam ideologicamente o corpus tragicus noções como a do cosmos, organismo regulador das naturales et humanae res, ou a da estreiteza do vínculo simpatético entre homem e universo. Dilaceradas interiormente, as suas personagens encarnam o conflito ratio/ affectus, tomando decisões que resultam em comportamentos desviantes, que as afastam inevitavelmente da tranquillitas animi. Exemplum negativo, essa conduta irracional perturba e subverte as leis naturais – natura uersa est.
Pretende-se, pois, com este estudo apresentar uma reflexão crítica sobre a conceptualização da natureza como elemento fundamental na construção dramática senequiana, partindo de um corpus de oito tragédias do autor. Conceito polissémico e multifacetado, a natura ganha inestimável valor ideológico, metafórico e plástico na produção teatral do poeta-filósofo, assumindo diferentes manifestações, como a cosmológica, fisiológica, toponímica ou ética. Na primeira parte do nosso estudo, recuperamos a teorização sobre a phýsis como fundamento do sistema filosófico estóico, destacando os mais significativos princípios cosmológicos e morais, imprescindíveis para a compreensão da natura trágica. Procuramos, depois, num segundo momento, centrar a análise na especificidade da estética dramática senequiana, designadamente na forte correlação entre palavra e imagem no desenho de espaços e ambientes naturais. Para esse efeito, invocamos valiosos contributos de áreas diversas como a Estética, Fenomenologia, Filosofia, Retórica e Literatura. Enfatiza-se a evolução da ideia de Belo, o sentimento de grandiosidade ‘sublime’ da natureza e a fusão do estado de alma do sujeito-poético com a paisagem. Sublinhamos ainda a questão dos riscos pedagógicos inerentes ao emprego do ‘grotesco’ e do ‘excesso’ na fruição estética e moral da obra artística. À luz dos anteriores pressupostos, a terceira parte da pesquisa centra-se com pormenor na participação da natureza no drama senequiano. Apresentamos uma selecção crítica de excertos do corpus dramático, cuja análise estilístico-semântica se organiza em torno de cinco grandes temas: o fogo e a expressão do affectus; a imagem marítima, e a tempestade como mecanismo ecfrástico; a metáfora animal no delineamento físico, comportamental e moral das figuras; a desordem cósmica como projecção do caos humano e social; o locus horrendus, espaço de tirania e horror, e a intrusão dos inferna no mundo dos vivos.
O nosso estudo procura, portanto, demonstrar que o visualismo pictórico e a dimensão animata da natura trágica se revela uma peça-chave na tragédia do Cordubense, do ponto de vista estrutural, ideológico e dramatúrgico. De facto, o mundo natural participa activamente no desenvolvimento dos dramas: contribui para o delineamento de paisagens e espaços e para a composição dos caracteres humanos, em especial nos processos de metamorfose de homens em monstra. Sensível, reactiva e animizada, a natureza senequiana corrobora o inquebrável pacto entre macro e microcosmos, o ‘nó sagrado’ de que falava Marco Aurélio. A par da prosa, o drama senequiano apresenta-se como admirável instrumento pedagógico de parénese estóica. Por meio dos mythoi, Séneca procura advertir para a imprescindibilidade da rejeição dos uitia, a fim de conciliar as acções humanas com o pressuposto exclusivo do homem, a perfecta ratio. Na verdade, a moralidade imanente à natura serve de elo estético e ético entre os vários dramas: o summum bonum cumpre-se no naturam sequi.Stoic philosophy shaped Seneca’s thought, as a diligent tool for teaching uirtus. One of the most important Stoa’s aphorisms echoing through Seneca’s entire work is naturam sequi – ‘living according to nature’. Thus, in order to accomplish the supreme virtue, the Stoics claim that man should conform to nature’s law – lógos and expression of divine will – complying with a cosmic and universal order. They establish therefore a plain correlation between reason and nature, happiness and morals: behaving in a morally acceptable way implies matching human decisions with lex naturae’s rationality. In this regard, Naturales Quaestiones’ explanations mirror Seneca’s profound fascination with Physics, meteorological phenomena and cosmic events, basing morals on the knowledge of phýsis. In fact, Seneca’s drama embraces likewise this relevant influence: among other aspects, the perception of cosmos as a regulatory body of naturales et humanae res or the narrowness of the sympatheia between man and universe shape Senecan corpus tragicus. Emotionally torn, his characters embody the ratio/ affectus conflict, making decisions causing deviant behaviors, which inevitably depart them from tranquillitas animi. This irrational pattern, understood as a negative exemplum, disturbs and subverts natural laws – natura uersa est.
This thesis aims to offer a critical analysis on nature as a foundational element in Senecan dramatic work, based on a corpus of eight plays. Presenting it as a polysemic and versatile notion, the roman poet-philosopher brings natura to an ideological, metaphorical and plastic level, adopting different approaches such as cosmological, physiological, toponymic or ethical.
In the opening chapter of our essay, we review the theorization on phýsis as a key concept for the Stoic philosophical system, stressing the most significant cosmological and moral principles, crucial for understanding tragic natura. The second part of our research focuses on the distinctiveness of Seneca’s dramatic aesthetics, mainly the strong correlation between word and visual depiction in the design of natural atmospheres and settings in his dramas. For this purpose, we rely on valuable contributions from different fields of knowledge such as Aesthetics, Phenomenology, Philosophy, Rhetoric and Literature. Among other aspects, we emphasize the evolution of the theory of Beauty, the grandeur of the “sublime” in nature and the merger of the poet’s state of mind with the landscape. In addition, we address the issue of the inherent risks in the use of ‘grotesque’ or ‘excess’ in the aesthetic and ethical enjoyment of the artistic work. Considering the previous assumptions, the third part of the study focuses in detail on the participation of nature in Seneca’s plays. Based on a critical selection of excerpts, we present a semantic and stylistic analysis, which we organize around five key ideas: fire and the expression of affectus; the nautical imagery and the storm as an ecphrastic technique; the metaphor from the animal world and the development of character design – physical, behavioral and ethical; cosmic disorder as projection of human and social chaos; the locus horrendus, space of tyranny and horror, and the interference of the inferna in the world of the living.
Our study aims therefore to demonstrate that the pictorial and animato visualism of the tragic natura is a key element in Senecan tragedy, from a structural, ideological and dramaturgical point of view. In fact, the natural world plays an active role in the development of plots: it cooperates in the sketching of spaces, landscapes and human ethe, namely in processes of metamorphosis from men into monstra. Sensitive, reactive and humanized, nature supports the unbreakable bond between macro and microcosm, the Marcus Aurelius’ “sacred knot”. Alongside his philosophical prose, Senecan drama emerges as a remarkable pedagogical tool for Stoic paraenesis. The mythoi urge the audience to discard uitia and to match human action with the exclusive human asset, the perfecta ratio. After all, the inherent morality of nature acts as an aesthetic and ethical liaison between the plays: the summum bonum fulfills itself in naturam sequi
Filosofía, literatura y Educación Sexual Integral
No full textEn el marco del proyecto de extensión “Nos-otros en el aula. Acciones socioeducativas con la literatura y el arte en contextos complejos” de la Secretaría de Extensión de la FaHCE/UNLP se desarrollaron tres encuentros de trabajo en un curso de primer año de la Escuela de Educación Media N° 45, Altos de San Lorenzo. Dichos encuentros sucedieron durante el primer cuatrimestre del 2018, durante las horas de Prácticas del Lenguaje. El autor de esta ponencia, profesor de Filosofía, en pareja pedagógica con la docente a cargo de la asignatura, Agustina Zaccheo, se propuso trabajar y con-jugar en cada clase literatura y filosofía, generando un espacio de lectura y reflexión acerca de la sexualidad y el amor, que permitiera al mismo tiempo la implementación efectiva de determinadas temáticas propuestas por la ESI. Por un lado, proporcionando experiencias de lecturas atravesadas por la reflexión y las preguntas filosóficas disruptivas; por el otro, generando condiciones para que acontezcan experiencias de pensamiento tomando como punto de partida las lecturas literarias. Seguimos el sentido de filosofía como práctica (praxis), una actividad que consiste en establecer una relación crítica y disruptiva, una postura radical con el saber instituido y con la propia vida a través de la pregunta, el examen y la confrontación (Kohan, 2004).
Pero ¿cómo abordar la enseñanza de la filosofía con adolescentes de un primer año de secundaria? ¿cómo enseñar – y practicar- filosofía en un ámbito formal donde no existe la asignatura Filosofía en primer año y sólo está institucionalizada al final del trayecto escolar secundario -sexto y último año-? Y asimismo, ¿cómo planificar las clases de modo tal que no se pierdan de vista los contenidos básicos prescritos por el diseño curricular de Prácticas del Lenguaje y se pueda al mismo tiempo enseñar y ejercitar la filosofía? Estos fueron algunos de los interrogantes que tuvimos en cuenta al momento de planificar las clases y
nuestras intervenciones.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació
Asthma diagnosis vs. analysis of anti-asthmatic prescriptions to identify asthma in children
No full textInternational audienc
Invasive and non-invasive long-term mechanical ventilation in Italian Children
No full textBACKGROUND:
To date, few studies have been published regarding the number of children in Italy who require long-term mechanical ventilation (LTV) and their underlying diagnoses, ventilatory needs and hospital discharge rate.
METHODS:
A preliminary national postal survey was conducted and identified 535 children from 57 centers. Detailed data were then obtained for 378 children from 30 centers.
RESULTS:
The estimated prevalence in Italy of this population was 4.3/100000. The majority of children (72.2%) were followed in pediatric units. The primary physicians who cared for these patients were either pediatric intensivists or pediatric pulmonologists. Neurological patients (78.2% of cases) represented the principal disorder category. 57.2% of the patients were non-invasively ventilated, with a nasal mask being the most common interface (85% of cases). The presence of clinical symptoms that were associated with abnormal findings on diagnostic testing was the primary indication for ventilatory support, whereas weaning failure was the primary indication for tracheotomy. Invasive ventilation was significantly related to younger age, longer daily hours on ventilation and cerebral palsy. Ventilatory modes with guaranteed minimal tidal volume were more often used in patients with tracheotomy. Despite their age, illness severity and need for technological care, 98% of the study population were successfully home discharged.
CONCLUSION:
Managing pediatric home LTV requires tremendous effort on the part of the patient's family and places a significant strain on community financial resources. In particular, neurological patients require more health care than patients in other categories. To further improve the quality of care for these patients, it is essential to establish a dedicated national database
Environmental fate models
No full textThe environmental fate of chemicals describes the processes by which chemicals move and are transformed in the environment. Environmental fate processes that should be addressed include: persistence in air, water, and soil; reactivity and degradation; migration in groundwater; removal from effluents by standard waste water treatment methods; and bioaccumulation in aquatic or terrestrial organisms. Environmental fate models are by no means compulsory for managing priority substances. Efficient source control can be done without them, i.e. by reducing emissions gradually and monitoring the environment to track changes. However the environmental fate models are proposed for use for two main reasons: (i) because the quantitative models can improve the understanding of the managed system and (ii) because the models can be used to predict long term impacts of planned actions. Furthermore the residence times of some of the priority substances may be very long (e.g. 50 years for mercury in water column), therefore only monitoring can be not enough to detect if the taken measures are enough to reach the good ecological status. The use of environmental fate models in decision making is not a new concept. They are routinely used in the framework of environmental risk assessment. The output of environmental fate models can be expressed as time series of predicted concentrations in different medium of both indoor and outdoor environments
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