101,446 research outputs found
Human leukocyte antigen associations in occupational asthma induced by isocyanates.
No full textExposure to diisocyanates is recognized as a leading cause of occupational asthma. Occupational asthma induced by isocyanates shares many characteristics with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated asthma: in both, the responsible agent is known, and the clinical presentation, response to inhalation challenge in the laboratory, and response to antiasthma drugs are similar. Although asthma mediated by an IgE mechanism occurs in atopic subjects, occupational asthma induced by isocyanates occurs mostly in nonatopic asthmatics, and an IgE-mediated mechanism has not been consistently demonstrated. However, activated T lymphocytes, methacromatic cells, and eosinophils are increased in the bronchial mucosa of allergic and nonallergic asthmatics and subjects with occupational asthma induced by isocyanates, suggesting similar, probably immunologically mediated mechanisms for both nonoccupational and occupational asthma. Occupational asthma occurs in up to 5-10% of the exposed subjects. Evaluation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes in exposed subjects who develop toluene diisocyanate (TDI) asthma has shown a negative association with HLA-DQB1*0501 and a positive association with HLA-DQB1*0503 alleles. In addition, a high proportion of TDI asthmatics express the HLA-DQB1*0503-associated aspartic acid at residue 57, suggesting that HLA-DQ may have a key role in conferring susceptibility. Thus, asthma induced by the low-molecular-weight agent TDI may result from an immunologic reaction due to the interaction of genetic susceptibility with exposure in the workplace. Mapp CE, Balboni A, Baricordi R, Fabbri LM. Human leukocyte antigen associations in occupational asthma induced by isocyanates
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The Need to Overrule Mapp v. Ohio
No full textThis Article argues that it is time to overrule Mapp v. Ohio. It contends that the exclusionary rule is outdated because a tough deterrent sanction is difficult to reconcile with a criminal justice system where victims are increasingly seen to have a stake in criminal cases. The rule is also increasingly outdated in its epistemological assumption which insists officers act on reasons that they can articulate and which disparages actions based on hunches or feelings. This assumption runs counter to a large body of neuroscience research suggesting that humans often feel or sense danger, sometimes even at a subconscious level, and these feelings may provide a valid basis for action. The Article\u27s main attack on Mapp, however, is an attack on the assumption behind the rule-that a harsh sanction will deter undesirable behaviors. This is not consistent with classic deterrence theory, which insists that deterrence results from the consistent imposition of proportional punishment, not the occasional imposition of very harsh punishments. Moreover, our experience with deterrence, especially the death penalty, demonstrates that the deterrent effect of harsh sanctions will always be speculative and uncertain. Unfortunately, having given harsh deterrent sanctions its imprimatur in Mapp, the Court is not in a position to challenge the many deterrent sanctions that push criminal sentences in the United States higher and higher, setting the United States apart from other Western countries. The Article concludes that it is time for the Court to overrule Mapp and rebuild the exclusionary rule on a proportional basis, such as one finds in other common law countries
The Need to Overrule Mapp v. Ohio
No full textThis Article argues that it is time to overrule Mapp v. Ohio. It contends that the exclusionary rule is outdated because a tough deterrent sanction is difficult to reconcile with a criminal justice system where victims are increasingly seen to have a stake in criminal cases. The rule is also increasingly outdated in its epistemological assumption which insists officers act on reasons that they can articulate and which disparages actions based on hunches or feelings. This assumption runs counter to a large body of neuroscience research suggesting that humans often feel or sense danger, sometimes even at a subconscious level, and these feelings may provide a valid basis for action.
The Article\u27s main attack on Mapp, however, is an attack on the assumption behind the rule-that a harsh sanction will deter undesirable behaviors. This is not consistent with classic deterrence theory, which insists that deterrence results from the consistent imposition of proportional punishment, not the occasional imposition of very harsh punishments. Moreover, our experience with deterrence, especially the death penalty, demonstrates that the deterrent effect of harsh sanctions will always be speculative and uncertain. Unfortunately, having given harsh deterrent sanctions its imprimatur in Mapp, the Court is not in a position to challenge the many deterrent sanctions that push criminal sentences in the United States higher and higher, setting the United States apart from other Western countries
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPP TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PADA MATERI SISTEM EKSKRESIKELAS XI IPA SMA NEGERI 1 PAMPANGAN OKI
No full textThis study aims to look the effect of learning Mind Mapp strategies towards students understanding concept of excretory system to the XI IPA class at SMAN 1 Pampangan OKI. The variable in this study is learning Mind Mapp strategy as independent variables and the understanding of concept as dependent variable. The sample was XI IPA 3 and XI IPA 2 as experimental class and class XI IPA 1 as the control class. Grade students the method used in this study is an experimental method, while the techniques data collecting used is a written test and test of understanding with Mind Mapp rubric assessment. Written test is used to see how the students ability of understanding the concept after applied learning Mind Mapp strategies. Tests of understanding with the Mind Mapp rubric assessment used to see how students understanding ability to create Mind Mapp. The analysis data using t-test with significance level of 5%. Based on the data hypothesis testing control class and experimental class of the obtained value of 0.000 < 0.05, significantly different. The students Mind Mapp score overall can be said very good, with the average score 84.81. It can be concluded that there is significant influence of application Mind Mapp learning strategies to the students understanding concept with the material excretory system to the XI IPA class at SMAN 1 Pampangan OKI. Keywords: Learning Mind Mapp Strategies; Students Understanding Concept; Excretion system
PFR AOD and solar irradiance data aquired during the MAPP project.
No full text<p>Aerosol optical depth and solar irradiance data acquired in the frame of the JRP project MAPP, Metrology for Aerosol Optical Properties 19ENV04 with the Precision FilterRadiometer PFR-98-N-001. </p>
<ul>
<li>Monitoring period at Davos, 2021 -2022</li>
<li>Rome Campaign – Sep.2021</li>
<li>Izaña Campaign -Sep.2022</li>
</ul>
<p>for the dataset of version 1.0 the calibration of the PFR is against the PFR-Triad has been used. For the SI-traceable AOD retrieval the PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany) calibration (Kouremeti, Nevas et al. 2022) has been used in combination with QASUMEFTS (Gröbner, Kröger et al. 2017) for 368 nm and 412 nm, and TSIS-1 (Coddington, Richard et al. 2021) for 501 nm and 862 nm.</p>
<p><strong>Calibration Record </strong></p>
<p>The calibration record given as Top-of-Atmosphere PFR signal (<em>V<sub>0</sub></em>) and the expanded combined uncertainty of <em>V<sub>0</sub></em> (<em>U) </em>are given in the following table in Volts .</p>
<table align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>PFR-TRIAD (2021)</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>PTB</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>Langley Izaña</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td>
<p><em>V<sub>0 </sub></em>(V)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong><em>U </em></strong>(V)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><em>V<sub>0 </sub></em>(V)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong><em>U </em></strong>(V)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><em>V<sub>0 </sub></em>(V)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong><em>U </em></strong>(V)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>862nm</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>3.380</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.017</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>3.3602</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.006</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>3.376</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.003</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>501nm</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>3.717</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.010</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>3.7326</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.006</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>3.712</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.004</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>412nm</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>3.503</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.010</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>3.5368</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.010</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>3.493</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.005</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>368nm</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>4.011</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.012</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>4.0438</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.026</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>4.006</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.007</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Data description</strong> </p>
<p>The data are daily files in matlab table format (table name PFR)</p>
<p>The table contains 5 variables: 'Station' , 'Instrument' , 'Date' , 'Data' , 'MetaData_Flags'</p>
<p>The variables of each sub-table and theirs units can be seen using e.g. the following : </p>
<p>PFR.Data{1}.Properties.VariableNames, PFR.Data{1}.Properties.VariableUnits</p>
<p>The signal, irradiance and atmospheric transmittance have been corrected for the Sun-Earth distance and are given at 1AU. </p>
<p><em>Measurements, calibration and aanlysis performed by NK </em></p>
<p><strong>References </strong></p>
<p>Coddington, O. M., E. C. Richard, D. Harber, P. Pilewskie, T. N. Woods, K. Chance, X. Liu and K. Sun (2021). "The TSIS-1 Hybrid Solar Reference Spectrum." Geophysical Research Letters <strong>48</strong>(12): e2020GL091709.</p>
<p>Gröbner, J., I. Kröger, L. Egli, G. Hülsen, S. Riechelmann and P. Sperfeld (2017). "The high-resolution extraterrestrial solar spectrum (QASUMEFTS) determined from ground-based solar irradiance measurements." Atmos. Meas. Tech. <strong>10</strong>(9): 3375-3383.</p>
<p>Kouremeti, N., S. Nevas, S. Kazadzis, J. Gröbner, P. Schneider and K. M. Schwind (2022). "SI-traceable solar irradiance measurements for aerosol optical depth retrieval." Metrologia <strong>59</strong>(4): 044001.</p>
<p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p>
<p>This data was obtained within the joint research project EMPIR 19ENV04 MAPP “Metrology for aerosol optical properties” which has been supported by the European Metrology Program for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) . The EMPIR is jointly funded by the EMPIR participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union.</p>
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SIKLUS BELAJAR (LEARNING CYCLE) BERBANTUAN MIND MAPP TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI 2 TAMBANG
No full textPenelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar siswa yang ditandai dengan banyaknya siswa yang belum mencapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimium (KKM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran siklus belajar (learning cycle) berbantuan mind mapp terhadap hasil belajar kimia siswa SMA N 2 Tambang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen, teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh, sehingga didapat dua kelas yaitu kelas X 10 sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran siklus belajar (learning cycle) berbantuan mind mapp dan kelas X9 sebagai kelas kontrol menggunakan pembelajaraan konvensional. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah uji homogenitas untuk data awal, dokumentasi, pretest dan posttest untuk data akhir. Analisis data akhir pada penelitian menggunakan uji t-test. Hasil perhitungan analisis data akhir diperoleh nilai t-hitung = 2,21 dengan menggunakan taraf signifikan 5% maka diperoleh nilai t-tabel = 2,00. Hal ini menunjukkan t-hitung>t-tabel, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, dapat
disimpulkan adanya pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran siklus belajar (learning cycle) berbantuan mind mapp terhadap hasil belajar kimia SMAN 2 Tambang
Kata kunci: Model Pembelajarn Siklus Belajar, Mind Mapp, Hasil Belajar
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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