132,049 research outputs found
Da un punto di vista geo-ontologico. Una breve introduzione alle ontologie geo-informatiche
No full textCosa sono le geo–ontologie? Quali i loro obiettivi e il loro sfondo concettuale? In questo libro cercheremo di rispondere a queste e ad altre domande, fornendo una breve introduzione alle geo-ontologie che spazia tra i vari domini di indagine che le caratterizzano: informatica, geografia e filosofia
Ontologie informatiche della geografia. Una sistematizzazione del dibattito contemporaneo
No full textGeographical and geospatial ontologies are receiving a considerable attention in information technology, due to three different factors: the growing diffusion of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), their use in different applications and the impulse given by Semantic Web to this research area. The aim of these pages is to describe what a geo-information ontology is, in order to systematize the contemporary debate. In the first part, we delineate the domain of ontology of geography within the contemporary philosophical context. In the second part, we define the meaning of ontology in the information technology domain. In the last two parts, finally, we analyze contemporary geo-information ontologies, suggesting a potential classification
Multi-modal diagnosis combining case-based and model-based reasoning: a formal and experimental analysis
No full textAbstractIntegrating different reasoning modes in the construction of an intelligent system is one of the most interesting and challenging aspects of modern AI. Exploiting the complementarity and the synergy of different approaches is one of the main motivations that led several researchers to investigate the possibilities of building multi-modal reasoning systems, where different reasoning modalities and different knowledge representation formalisms are integrated and combined. Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is often considered a fundamental modality in several multi-modal reasoning systems; CBR integration has been shown very useful and practical in several domains and tasks. The right way of devising a CBR integration is however very complex and a principled way of combining different modalities is needed to gain the maximum effectiveness and efficiency for a particular task. In this paper we present results (both theoretical and experimental) concerning architectures integrating CBR and Model-Based Reasoning (MBR) in the context of diagnostic problem solving. We first show that both the MBR and CBR approaches to diagnosis may suffer from computational intractability, and therefore a careful combination of the two approaches may be useful to reduce the computational cost in the average case. The most important contribution of the paper is the analysis of the different facets that may influence the entire performance of a multi-modal reasoning system, namely computational complexity, system competence in problem solving and the quality of the sets of produced solutions. We show that an opportunistic and flexible architecture able to estimate the right cooperation among modalities can exhibit a satisfactory behavior with respect to every performance aspect. An analysis of different ways of integrating CBR is performed both at the experimental and at the analytical level. On the analytical side, a cost model and a competence model able to analyze a multi-modal architecture through the analysis of its individual components are introduced and discussed. On the experimental side, a very detailed set of experiments has been carried out, showing that a flexible and opportunistic integration can provide significant advantages in the use of a multi-modal architecture
Has something changed in the smoking attitudes of parents in the household in the last 15 years? Epidemiological survey among the students of the city of Agrigento [È cambiato qualcosa nelle abitudini dei genitori fumatori in ambito domestico negli ultimi 15 anni? Indagine epidemiologica tra gli alunni della città di Agrigento]
No full textBACKGROUND:
Exposure of children to passive tobacco smoking in the household setting has been demonstrated to cause respiratory diseases. Early atherosclerosis has also been demonstrated in young people previously exposed to passive tobacco smoking. Functional damage can initiate at the fetal age due to maternal smoking, with a tendency towards over-time progress. To date only scant data are available about indoor parental smoking attitudes and their changes after campaigns against smoke and risk factors in exposed youths. Questionnaires are useful tools in order to search for information on cigarette smoking and parental household lifestyle. In this study, we asked pupils of primary schools for providing information on their relatives' every 5 years throughout the period 1994-2009.
METHODS:
A multiple-choice answer questionnaire about sharing household parental smoking was administered to all primary school children (mean age 10.5 ± 0.5 years) of the city of Agrigento (Sicily, Italy).
RESULTS:
A total of 2221 questionnaires were collected from 637 children in 1994, 687 in 1999, 516 in 2004, and 381 in 2009. Important findings show a significant reduction in both smoking parents and exposure to passive tobacco smoking (from 64% in 1994 to 45% in 2009, p<0.00001). In 2009, 22% of mothers and 39% of fathers resulted to be smokers in the household setting yet.
CONCLUSIONS:
In agreement with the 2011 Italian DOXA survey on the general population, the present study demonstrates a negative trend in the prevalence of household smoker parents (predominantly mothers) and exposure of children to passive tobacco smoking. These results likely reflect such a greater awareness about smoke-related risks in children, and the effectiveness of medical campaigns against cardiovascular risk factors as well
La importancia de una microbiota sana en la salud del organismo humano y la repercusión de un estado de disbiosis en las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales. Papel clave de la vitamina D en su correcto funcionamiento.
No full textMagro Bernárdez, María Inmaculada; director de proyecto: Zekri , Khaoula2023-2024Grado en Nutrición Humana y DietéticaFacultad de Ciencias de la Salu
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Inovação no setor público: um estudo sobre o software de gestão administrativa da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
No full textDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração Universitária, Florianópolis, 2015.Esta dissertação tem por objetivo avaliar o processo de aquisição e adoção do software de gestão administrativa pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), no período compreendido entre o quarto trimestre do ano de 2009 ao segundo trimestre de 2015, sob a suposição de que ele ainda não se concretizou como um padrão eficiente de comunicação entre os setores, observando também o seu enquadramento sob a ótica da teoria da inovação. Para tanto, foi elaborada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre administração pública, administração universitária, inovação, inovação no setor público, governo eletrônico, sistemas de informação e avaliação de sistemas de informação. Posteriormente foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa documental que elencou os processos administrativos relacionados com o software adquirido, as instruções normativas comuns ao setor público federal no que diz respeito à contratação de soluções de tecnologia da informação (TI) e demais documentos pertinentes ao caso. Também foi realizada uma pesquisa que reuniu respostas de dois grupos de interesse: 12 dos 21 servidores da área de sistemas de TI e 8 representantes de 6 dos 13 setores que compõe a administração central da instituição. Os principais resultados da dissertação foram a concretização da relação da introdução do software com o conceito de inovação e inovação no setor público, a identificação da falta de um planejamento inicial para a aquisição do software, problemas na campanha de conscientização dos usuários sobre o novo sistema e na geração de lideranças e multiplicadores, além de inadequações às normatizações comuns ao setor público federal.Abstract : This dissertation aims to assess the acquisition and adoption of administrative management software from the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), in the period between the fourth quarter of 2009 to the second quarter of 2015, under the assumption that it has yet to materialize as an efficient standard of communication between sectors, also noting its classification from the perspective of innovation theory. To this end, a bibliographical research on public administration, university administration, innovation, innovation in the public sector, e-government, information systems and evaluation of information systems, was prepared. Later, a documentary research was developed, listing the administrative processes related to acquired software, the common normative instructions to the federal public sector with regard to the hiring of information technology (IT) solutions, and other documents relevant to the case. It was also realized a survey with two groups of interest: 12 of the 21 IT servers and 8 representatives of the sectors that are part of institution central administration. The main results of the dissertation were the achievement of the introduction of the software related to the concept of innovation and innovation in the public sector, identifying the lack of initial planning for the software acquisition, problems in the progress of the awareness campaign on the new system and the generation of leaders and multipliers, as well as inadequacies to common norms to the federal public sector
POSITIVE EFFECTS OF TREATMENT WITH SILYMARIN IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
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