26 research outputs found
Fish larvae species identification and population genetic structure of Boleophthalmus boddarti (Pallas, 1770) from selected mangrove sites in Peninsular Malaysia
No full textA study on fish larvae species identification from mangrove areas of Pendas Johor, Matang Perak, Pekan Pahang and Setiu Terengganu and population genetic assessment of Blue-spotted mudskipper Boleophthalmus boddarti, from similar sampling areas except Setiu Terengganu has been done. The fish larvae collection occurred from April 2015 to September 2015 by using a bongo net, towed at a depth of about 0.5 m from the surface for 5 min against the tidal flow. The mudskipper was collected with casting nets, hand net and bare hands at night time and especially when the tide is low, in between the month of January 2016 and September 2016. This study aims to identify fish larvae to species level by adopting integrative method; a combination of comparative and molecular method. The composition, abundance, diversity and phylogenetic relationship among fish larvae samples were also investigated. The lack of species identification work on fish larvae in Peninsular Malaysia has warrant this study to be conducted. The status of genetic population of mudskipper B. boddarti is investigated using two markers, mitochondrial and microsatellite. Specific microsatellite loci for the B.boddarti are absent and information on population structure and phylogenetic relationship among B. boddarti populations are lacking. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize the genetic structure of B. boddarti in Peninsular Malaysia through mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase I (COI) gene and new set of microsatellite marker developed using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) method.
A total of 354 individuals of fish larvae were collected and through morphological analyses they were identified morphologically into 21 families, 20 genus and 18 species. Among the 21 families, the top 3 families, namely, Gobiidae (39.26%), Engraulidae (14.97%), and Clupeidae (14.40%), occurred in all sampling areas except in Setiu. The highest diversity of fish larvae was recorded for Pendas, Johor with Shannon Wiener index H = 2.699, and the lowest was for Setiu Terengganu with H = 0.832. Setiu Terengganu recorded the lowest evenness value, indicating high single-species dominance. From the total of 354 fish larvae collected, a representative of 177 fish larvae were selected and sequenced using Cytochrome c Oxidase I (COI) gene where they corresponded to 18 families, 33 genus and 41 species of larval fish. Results from BLAST and BOLDSYSTEM search showed all sequences have high percentage identity index and similarity (90% to 100%). The identification of fish larvae was mostly successfully confirmed through phylogenetics analysis showing monophyletic status between query sequences with reference sequences obtained from GenBank. However the Sillago vittata and Sillago sihama sequences was found to be in separate clusters despite their similar genus. A few strong match of specimens from different genus was found with high bootstrap value (n>90%) through Neighbour-Joining (NJ) and Maximum-likelihood (ML) analysis. The Paramugil parmatus was matched with Liza melinoptera (NJ =100%, ML = 99%) and Pseudogobius oligactis was matched with Eugnathogobius oligactis (NJ = 92%, ML 94%).
A total of 11,957 short sequence repeats (SSR) motifs were identified via analysis of 6.87 Gb nucleotides conducted by using Illumina sequencing to produce a comprehensive transcript dataset for B. boddarti motif. The most abundant type of repeat motif was mono-nucleotide (63.66%), followed by tri-nucleotide (18.88%), di-nucleotide (15.54%), tetra-nucleotide (0.83%) and both penta- and hexanucleotide was found the least (0.11%). Experimental screening of 27 pairs of microsatellite primers detected 30% of microsatellite loci were polymorphic.
Both markers showed strong genetic differentiation between populations with result from mitochondrial COI analysis revealed haplotype sharing between Pekan Pahang and Pendas Johor populations (KY754661) and Pendas Johor and Matang Perak populations (MF572075). Zero connectivity between Matang Perak and Pekan Pahang populations (Fst = 0. 53086); Nm was 0.44186) due to huge biogeographical barrier. Microsatellite marker analysis detected minimal differentiations (Fst) among Pendas Johor and Matang Perak populations (Fst=0.26461) and between Pekan Pahang and Matang Perak populations (Fst=0.38423, Nm=0.80129) reflecting isolation between populations. However the species was found to be locally adapted where genetic variation was more likely to occur within populations rather than among populations (ratio of 6:3). The mtDNA marker further showed no evidence of recent population expansion through Tajima’s D, Fu Fs’ and Bayesian skyline plots but possible occurrence in population expansion did occurred long before present years during Pleistocene era.
High haplotype diversity (0.680 to 0.819) and moderate nucleotide diversity (0.00657 to 0.05886) was found from COI analysis showing genetic variation was in moderation even though Pendas Johor possessed highest number of sample. Thus this reflect possibility of environmental degradation and further supported by microsatellite marker analysis where moderate genetic variation was also seen (mean Ho = 0.4337, mean He = 0.4535). Deviated Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was mainly due to heterozygote deficiencies and possibility of inbreeding especially in Pekan Pahang with small sample size (Izz 4-6, Ho = 0.280, He = 0.497). The high Ho compared to expected heterozygosity (He) value documented in Pendas Johor population particularly, signal recently bottleneck event showed through Wilcoxon test with probability value less than 0.05 after applying three mutational model (IAM, SMM and TPM) and Mode-Shift indicator further confirmed the population was under shifted mode. The population structure of B. boddarti inferred based on the two types of markers was not showing significant differences. In conclusion, integrative identification provide better results to phenotypically ambiguous specimen like the fish larvae and application of mitochondrial and nuclear gene markers were able to characterize genetic structure and evolutionary kinship of B. boddarti
Effect of High-Speed Milling Tool Path Strategies on the Surface Roughness of Stavax ESR Mold Insert Machining
No full textHigh speed milling is one of the recent technologies used to produce mould inserts due to the need for high surface finish. It is a faster machining process where it uses a small side step and a small down step combined with very high spindle speed and feed rate. In order to effectively use the HSM capabilities, optimizing the tool path strategies and machining parameters is an important issue. In this paper, six different tool path strategies have been investigated on the surface finish and machining time of a rectangular cavities of ESR Stavax material. CAD/CAM application of CATIA V5 machining module for pocket milling of the cavities was used for process planning
The influence of age, refractive error, visual demand and lighting conditions on accommodative ability in Malay children and adults
No full textPurpose: Near work, accommodative inaccuracy and ambient lighting conditions have all been implicated in the development of myopia. However, differences in accommodative responses with age and refractive error under different visual conditions remain unclear. This study explores differences in accommodative ability and refractive error with exposure to differing ambient illumination and visual demands in Malay schoolchildren and adults. Methods: Sixty young adults (21–25 years) and 60 schoolchildren (8–12 years) were recruited. Accommodative lag and accommodative fluctuations at far (6 m) and near (25 cm) were measured using the Grand Seiko WAM-5500 open-field autorefractor. The effects of mesopic room illumination on accommodation were also investigated. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that accommodative lag at far and near differed significantly between schoolchildren and young adults [F(1.219, 35.354) = 11.857, p < 0.05]. Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction showed that at near, there was a greater lag in schoolchildren (0.486 ± 0.181 D) than young adults (0.259 ± 0.209 D, p < 0.05). Repeated-measures ANOVA also revealed that accommodative lag at near demands differed statistically between the non-myopic and myopic groups in young adults and schoolchildren [F(3.107, 31.431) = 12.187, p < 0.05]. Post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction showed that accommodative lag at near was significantly greater in myopic schoolchildren (0.655 ± 0.198 D) than in non-myopic schoolchildren (0.202 ± 0.141 D, p < 0.05) and myopic young adults (0.316 ± 0.172 D, p < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between myopic young adults (0.316 ± 0.172 D) and non-myopic young adults (0.242 ± 0.126 D, p > 0.05). Accommodative lag and fluctuations were greater under mesopic room conditions for all ages [all p < 0.05]. Conclusion: Greater accommodative lag was found in myopes than in emmetropes, in schoolchildren than in adults, and under mesopic conditions than under photopic conditions. Accommodative fluctuations were greatest in myopes and in mesopic conditions. These results suggest that differences exist in the amount of blur experienced by myopes and non-myopes at different ages and under different lighting conditions.</p
Flexure and impact properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon 6-polypropylene composites
No full textIn recent years, polymer composites are rapidly developing and replacing the metals or alloys in numerous engineering applications. These polymer composites are the topic of interests in industrial applications such as automotive and aerospace industries. In the present research study, glass fiber (GF) reinforced nylon 6 (PA6)-polypropylene (PP) composite specimens were prepared successfully using injection molding process. Test specimens of five different compositions such as, 70%PA6+30%PP, 65%PA6+30%PP+5%GF, 60%PA6+30%PP+10%GF, 55%PA6+30%PP+15%GF and 50%PA6+30%PP+20%GF were prepared. In the experiments, flexure and impact tests were carried out. The obtained results revealed that flexure and impact properties of the polymer composites were significantly influenced by the glass fiber content. Results showed that flexural strength is low for pure polymer blend and flexural strength of GF reinforced composite increases gradually with the increase in glass fiber content. Test results also revealed that the impact strength of 70%PA6+30%PP is the highest and 55%PA6+30%PP+15%GF composite shows moderate impact strength. On the other hand, 50%PA6+30%PP+20%GF composite shows low toughness or reduced impact strength
Hand-arm vibration risk exposure assessment in metal-mechanics industry
No full textEl objetivo del estudio consistió en la medición y evaluación de las aceleraciones originadas por herramientas vibrátiles tales como: pulidoras, amoladoras, taladros, entre otras, y su comparación con los límites de exposición permisibles registrados en la norma ISO 5349 de 2002 para el segmento corporal mano brazo. El estudio se desarrolló en cuatro (4) empresas del sector metalmecánico de la Ciudad de Cali, que inicialmente obligó a realizar una visita preliminar con el fin de seleccionar los procesos y herramientas e identificar las personas expuestas.
Desde el punto de vista físico y fisiológico, los componentes estudiados fueron: la aceleración, velocidad y amplitud que son los parámetros asociados a vibraciones, además de la dirección en términos vectoriales, según la postura del segmento corporal involucrado y el grado de compromiso de los sistemas biomecánicos y fisiológicos del ser humano. A través del estudio se pudo evidenciar que las evaluaciones realizadas a 15 tipos de herramientas no sobrepasaron los límites permisibles de exposición establecidos en la Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales Gubernamentales de los Estados Unidos ACGIH 2014, que corresponde a 2. 8 m/s2.
En la Empresa A, se pudo establecer que el nivel de aceleración más elevado lo presentó la Pulidora Dewalt con un valor de 0. 796571 m/s2, para la Empresa B, en el caso del mismo equipo presentó una aceleración de 0. 6653 m/s2, en el caso de la Empresa C, la aceleración más significativa la presentó una Pulidora Bosh con una aceleración de 0. 5857 m/s2, por último, en la Empresa D con una aceleración de 0,4048 m/s2, la Esmeriladora. En el artículo se realiza un resumen de los conceptos más importantes relacionados con vibraciones en el segmento corporal mano brazo, así como de los equipos y herramientas utilizados para su respectiva medición y evaluaciónThe aim of this study was the measurement and evaluation of the accelerations caused by vibrating tools such as sanders, grinders and drills among others and their comparison with the permissible exposure limits as registered in the ISO 5349–2:2002 for hand-arm body segment. The study was conducted in four (4) metal-mechanic industrial centers of the city of Cali, Colombia, who initially imposed a preliminary visit in order not only to select the processes and tools but also to identify those exposed. From a physical and physiological point of view and concerning vibrations, the parameters studied were acceleration, velocity and amplitude. Further factors were considered, such as vector direction, the body segment position in relation with the machine and the level of commitment of both biomechanical and physiological systems of the human being. It was stated that assessments performed on 15 types of vibrating tools did not exceed the permissible exposure limits established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists US (ACGIH 2014) corresponding to 2. 8 m/s2.
In Company A, it was established that the highest acceleration level was registered by the DeWalt polisher with a value of 0. 796571 m/s2; in Company B, the same tool presented an acceleration of 0. 6653 m/s2; in Company C; the most significant acceleration was carried out by a Bosch polisher (0. 5857 m/s2) and finally, in Company D with an acceleration of 0. 4048 m/s2, it was the bench grinder. The article provides a summary of the most important concepts related to the hand-arm body segment vibration, as well as the equipment and tools used for their measurement and evaluatio
Hand-arm vibration risk exposure assessment in metal-mechanics industry
No full textEl objetivo del estudio consistió en la medición y evaluación de las aceleraciones originadas por herramientas vibrátiles tales como: pulidoras, amoladoras, taladros, entre otras, y su comparación con los límites de exposición permisibles registrados en la norma ISO 5349 de 2002 para el segmento corporal mano brazo. El estudio se desarrolló en cuatro (4) empresas del sector metalmecánico de la Ciudad de Cali, que inicialmente obligó a realizar una visita preliminar con el fin de seleccionar los procesos y herramientas e identificar las personas expuestas.
Desde el punto de vista físico y fisiológico, los componentes estudiados fueron: la aceleración, velocidad y amplitud que son los parámetros asociados a vibraciones, además de la dirección en términos vectoriales, según la postura del segmento corporal involucrado y el grado de compromiso de los sistemas biomecánicos y fisiológicos del ser humano. A través del estudio se pudo evidenciar que las evaluaciones realizadas a 15 tipos de herramientas no sobrepasaron los límites permisibles de exposición establecidos en la Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales Gubernamentales de los Estados Unidos ACGIH 2014, que corresponde a 2. 8 m/s2.
En la Empresa A, se pudo establecer que el nivel de aceleración más elevado lo presentó la Pulidora Dewalt con un valor de 0. 796571 m/s2, para la Empresa B, en el caso del mismo equipo presentó una aceleración de 0. 6653 m/s2, en el caso de la Empresa C, la aceleración más significativa la presentó una Pulidora Bosh con una aceleración de 0. 5857 m/s2, por último, en la Empresa D con una aceleración de 0,4048 m/s2, la Esmeriladora. En el artículo se realiza un resumen de los conceptos más importantes relacionados con vibraciones en el segmento corporal mano brazo, así como de los equipos y herramientas utilizados para su respectiva medición y evaluaciónThe aim of this study was the measurement and evaluation of the accelerations caused by vibrating tools such as sanders, grinders and drills among others and their comparison with the permissible exposure limits as registered in the ISO 5349–2:2002 for hand-arm body segment. The study was conducted in four (4) metal-mechanic industrial centers of the city of Cali, Colombia, who initially imposed a preliminary visit in order not only to select the processes and tools but also to identify those exposed. From a physical and physiological point of view and concerning vibrations, the parameters studied were acceleration, velocity and amplitude. Further factors were considered, such as vector direction, the body segment position in relation with the machine and the level of commitment of both biomechanical and physiological systems of the human being. It was stated that assessments performed on 15 types of vibrating tools did not exceed the permissible exposure limits established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists US (ACGIH 2014) corresponding to 2. 8 m/s2.
In Company A, it was established that the highest acceleration level was registered by the DeWalt polisher with a value of 0. 796571 m/s2; in Company B, the same tool presented an acceleration of 0. 6653 m/s2; in Company C; the most significant acceleration was carried out by a Bosch polisher (0. 5857 m/s2) and finally, in Company D with an acceleration of 0. 4048 m/s2, it was the bench grinder. The article provides a summary of the most important concepts related to the hand-arm body segment vibration, as well as the equipment and tools used for their measurement and evaluatio
Influence of glass fiber content on tensile properties of polyamide-polypropylene based polymer blend composites
No full textIn recent years, the rapid development of polymer composites is replacing the use of metals and alloys in high performance engineering applications, particularly in automotive and aerospace industries. In this research study, influence of glass fiber (GF) content on tensile properties of polyamide-polypropylene (PA-PP) based blend composites was investigated. Considering, 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% GF content, PA6-PP-GF composites of five compositions were prepared through injection molding method. In the experiments, tensile tests were performed under strain rate of 5 mm/min for all types of composite specimens. Test results show that tensile properties of composites of five different compositions are influenced by glass fiber content. In general, tensile strength of composite increases gradually with increase in fiber content. On the other hand, tensile modulus increases significantly with increase in fiber content. Experimental data also revealed that yield strength, strength at fracture and strain at break of the composites are influenced by the content of glass fiber. Test data also show that tensile strain at maximum load almost corresponds to the tensile strain at break for all composite specimens
Multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
No full textThe average transverse momentum (p(T)) versus the charged-particle multiplicity N-ch was measured in p-Pb collisions at a collision energy per nucleon-nucleon root S-NN = 5.02 TeV and in pp collisions at collision energies of root s = 0.9, 2.76, and 7 TeV in the kinematic range 0.15 < p(T) < 10.0 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.3 with the ALICE apparatus at the LHC. These data are compared to results in Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN = 2.76 TeV at similar charged-particle multiplicities. In pp and p-Pb collisions, a strong increase of (p(T)) with N-ch is observed, which is much stronger than that measured in Pb-Pb collisions. For pp collisions, this could be attributed, within a model of hadronizing strings, to multiple-parton interactions and to a final-state color reconnection mechanism. The data in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions cannot be described by an incoherent superposition of nucleon-nucleon collisions and pose a challenge to most of the event generators. (C) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Optimization of antioxidant compounds extraction from feijoa (Acca sellowiana berg) residues
No full textFeijoa residues has a high content of bioactive compounds with effective antioxidant activity compared with the content of other fruits. However, these wastes are disposed of without generating added value. Therefore, in order to determine the maximum time to extract the polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) present in the residue, solid-liquid extraction kinetics was performed. Next, in order to find the best conditions for maximizing the simultaneous extraction of TPC and TFC, a central composite design and response surface analysis were proposed. Three independent factors, temperature (ranging from 13.18 to 46.82 °C), solid:liquid ratio (ranging from 1:10 to 1:74 g:mL) and ethanol-water mixture (ranging from 16,36 to 83,64%v/v) were evaluated. The kinetics indicated a maximum extraction time of 90 minutes for TPC with 3,990.02 ± 22.403 mgGAE/100 g FW, and 45 minutes for TFC with 1,219.38 ± 19.24 mgCE/100 g FW. These values are within the range reported by other studies using advanced technology. The optimized extraction conditions were a temperature of 34.5 °C, 1:45 solid-liquid ratio and 39.43% for the solvent. Finally, extract from feijoa residues presented an effective antioxidant activity greater than 50%. Therefore, this residue can be used as a promising source of bioactive compounds with various agro-industrial applications. © 2022, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA. All rights reserved.This work was financially supported by the Colombian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MINCIENCIAS) – Convocatoria 818–2018
Extracts From Mango Peel By-product Obtained By Supercritical Co2 And Pressurized Solvent Processes
No full textThe aim of this study was to exploit mango peel waste (Mangifera indica L.) to obtain bioactive extracts. Mango peel waste was subjected to two sequential extraction steps: supercritical CO2 extraction (ScCO2), followed by pressurized ethanol (PE) from the residue of the first stage. Both extractions were carried out at 30MPa and 40°C. The extracts obtained were evaluated by spectrophotometric method in terms of Total Carotenoids Content (TCC), Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoids Content (TFC); and Antioxidant Activity (%AA) by DPPH method. Were performed in duplicate; an ANOVA and Tukey test were used. Results demonstrated that TCC value is dependent on the solvent, being high for ScCO2 with carotenoids contents of 5604.61±0.51μg β-carotene/g db in contrast to PE. 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