874 research outputs found

    Development of an in vitro drug sensitivity assay based on newly excysted larvae of Echinostoma caproni

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    Echinostomiasis is one of the major food-borne trematodiases and the species Echinostoma caproni serves as a useful model for trematocidal drug discovery. The current in vitro drug sensitivity assay uses adult E. caproni worms that are incubated with candidate drugs and scored microscopically for viability at 72 hrs. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of newly excysted larvae (NEL) of E. caproni for in vitro drug testing, which would be faster, more cost effective and more ethical compared to adult worm assays.; Larvae were obtained by collecting metacercariae from snails and triggering their excystation using the trypsin-bile salt excystation method. Studies concerning various parameters of this chemical transformation process as well as appropriate NEL culturing conditions were carried out and findings evaluated. NEL and adult worms were incubated with praziquantel, tribendimidine, albendazole and quinine and evaluated microscopically 72 hrs post-incubation. In addition, the colorimetric markers resazurin, CellTiter-Glo(R) and Vybrant(R) were tested as an alternative assay read-out method.; The chemical excystation method successfully induced E. caproni metacercariae to excyst at a rate of about 20-60% larvae excysted. NEL remained viable in culture medium for 5--7 days. The results of an in vitro drug assay using NEL mirrored the results of an assay using adult worms incubated with the same drugs. None of the markers could reliably produce signals proportional to NEL viability or cytotoxicity without significant complications.; NEL are adequate for in vitro drug testing. Challenges remain in further improving the excystation yield and the practicability of the assay setup. Resolving these issues could also improve read-outs using colorimetric markers. Using NEL is in alignment with the 3 R rules of the ethical use of laboratory animals and can greatly increase the rate and affordability with which drugs are screened in vitro against this intestinal trematode

    Screening trematodes for novel intervention targets: a proteomic and immunological comparison of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i>, <i>Schistosoma bovis</i> and <i>Echinostoma caproni</i>

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    With the current paucity of vaccine targets for parasitic diseases, particularly those in childhood, the aim of this study was to compare protein expression and immune cross-reactivity between the trematodes &lt;i&gt;Schistosoma haematobium&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;S. bovis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Echinostoma caproni&lt;/i&gt; in the hope of identifying novel intervention targets. Native adult parasite proteins were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified through electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry to produce a reference gel. Proteins from differential gel electrophoresis analyses of the three parasite proteomes were compared and screened against sera from hamsters infected with &lt;i&gt;S. haematobium&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;E. caproni&lt;/i&gt; following 2-dimensional Western blotting. Differential protein expression between the three species was observed with circa 5% of proteins from &lt;i&gt;S. haematobium&lt;/i&gt; showing expression up-regulation compared to the other two species. There was 91% similarity between the proteomes of the two S &lt;i&gt;chistosoma&lt;/i&gt; species and 81% and 78.6% similarity between &lt;i&gt;S. haematobium&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;S. bovis&lt;/i&gt; versus &lt;i&gt;E. caproni&lt;/i&gt;, respectively. Although there were some common cross-species antigens, species-species targets were revealed which, despite evolutionary homology, could be due to phenotypic plasticity arising from different host-parasite relationships. Nevertheless, this approach helps to identify novel intervention targets which could be used as broad-spectrum candidates for future use in human and veterinary vaccines

    "Il seme del piangere" of Giorgio Caproni. A linguistic and thematic analysis.

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    openL’analisi condotta all’interno di questo elaborato si propone di fornire un’analisi tematica e linguistica della raccolta “Il seme del piangere” di Giorgio Caproni, pubblicata per la prima volta da Garzanti nel 1959. Partendo da una panoramica storica, culturale e stilistica dell’ambiente e delle spinte che muovono l’autore nella composizione della sua poesia, si giungerà ad un’analisi puntuale della prima sezione dell’opera: i “Versi Livornesi” dedicati alla madre al fine di fornire una breve ma puntuale antologia commentata. La forza poetica degli anni ’60 è totalmente condensata nella mente e nella penna di Giorgio Caproni, lo scopo di questo studio è pertanto quello di mettere in luce quante più caratteristiche e particolarità possibili con il desiderio di omaggiare colui che, nella seconda metà del Novecento, donò alla poesia un momento di massima elevazione che, in seguito, è stato difficilmente raggiungibile.The analysis conducted within the paper aims to provide a linguistic and thematic overview of Giorgio Caproni's collection "Il seme del piangere," first published by Garzanti in 1959. Starting from a historical, cultural and stylistic framing of the environment and the drives that move the author in his poetic production, a punctual analysis of the first section of the work, the "Versi Livornesi," will be made in order to provide a brief but timely annotated anthology. The poetic force of the 1960s is totally condensed in the mind and pen of Giorgio Caproni, therefore the aim of this study is to highlight as many of his characteristics and particularities as possible with the desire to pay homage to the one who gave an elevation to the poetry of the second half of the twentieth century that has hardly been, subsequently, achieved

    Giorgio Caproni: Roma la città del 'disamore'

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    A cent'anni dalla nascita l'attenzione verso la poesia di Caproni non accenna a spegnersi. Sono pochi i poeti del Novecento a poter vantare un simile interesse ed è grazie agli studi sulle sue carte che oggi è ancora possibile esplorare territori fin qui sottovalutati o negati dalla critica. Uno di questi è il controverso e mai scontato rapporto con la città di Roma, 'la città del disamore', come suona il titolo di questa mostra. Perché un titolo così problematico e inusitato per rappresentare una scelta di vita che, con il passare del tempo, si è rivelata per Caproni ineluttabile e fatale? Esiste una Roma dei grandi scrittori 'romani d'origine' che è quella di Moravia e della Morante: ed esiste una Roma altrettanto indiscutibile che ha attratto a sé molti giovani talenti destinati a diventare grandi narratori e grandi poeti. È anche questa la Roma che ha concepito il Novecento letterario: quella dei 'romani d'adozione'. Tra loro c'erano Bassani, Bertolucci, Betocchi, Gadda, Gatto, Pasolini, Penna. E tra loro c'era Caproni. La Roma di Giorgio Caproni 'non è una città, è un mondo', una meta segreta tutta da esplorare: è qui che il poeta ha scritto la maggior parte delle sue opere in prosa e in versi ed è qui che ha stretto le amicizie più forti. Intrecciando i preziosi materiali cartacei conservati nel Fondo della Biblioteca privata di Giorgio Caproni con le poesie e le prose dell'autore, questo catalogo è un omaggio di Roma Capitale al poeta che l'ha abitata

    Giorgio Caproni alias Wilhelm Busch

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    Solo i germanisti associano il nome di Caproni all’unica traduzione dal tedesco in cui si cimentò, la versione italiana delle storie illustrate di Max e Moritz (1865) di Wilhelm Busch, che narrano le burle, talvolta persino crudeli, ordite da due bambini a danno di alcuni adulti. Fra i tanti traduttori italiani, Caproni si distingue per la sua notorietà come autore in proprio oltre che come traduttore, dunque il contributo si chiederà se e come l’attività poetica per così dire autonoma influenzi quella traduttiva. Anziché concentrarsi sulle difficoltà insite nel testo di partenza, ovvero sugli ostacoli da superare per renderlo accessibile a un pubblico non germanofono, l’articolo metterà in risalto la creatività di cui dà prova il testo di arrivo, saldandosi con la restante produzione di Caproni, come dimostrano taluni stilemi utilizzati. Particolarmente interessanti saranno dunque i punti in cui Caproni si prende delle libertà, adatta l’originale alla cultura di arrivo, ma soprattutto alla propria sensibilità poetica, facendosi co-autore di un’opera che per molti lettori si identifica con le sue parole.Only Germanists associate Caproni’s name with his only translation from German, the Italian version of Max and Moritz’ illustrated stories by Wilhelm Busch (1865), which tell about the - sometimes even cruel - pranks made by two children against adults. Among many Italian translators, Caproni stands out for his fame as an author himself as well as a translator. This paper investigates whether and how his poetic activity influences this translation. Instead of concentrating on the difficulties of the source text, i.e. on the obstacles to overcome to make it accessible to a non-German-speaking public, the paper will highlight the creativity inherent to the target text, which is very strictly connected with Caproni’s other production, as it is proved by his writing style. Therefore, of particular interest are those points in which Caproni takes liberties by adapting the original to the target culture and, above all, to his poetic sensitivity, so that he becomes the co-author of a work which is known to lots of readers through his words

    Giorgio Caproni e la "retractatio" d'Enea

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    Il contributo offre una rilettura del poemetto Il Passaggio d’Enea (1952) di G. Caproni alla luce della narrazione virgiliana. Il confronto coi luoghi classici consente una comprensione profonda del testo, specialmente del personaggio di Euridice, dietro cui si cela una contaminazione di miti. Già da Ennio e Pausania si attesta, infatti, la denominazione di Euridice per Creusa: un’ambiguità giocata da Virgilio stesso, in una intima forma di rinnovamento dell’epos, recuperata qui da Caproni. This paper conducts a new reading of Caproni’s short poem Il passaggio di Enea (1952). Compared with Vergil’s narration, Caproni’s text allows for a deeper and more complex understanding. The character of Euridice in particular, who is comprised of two interwoven myths, encourages new insights. Ennio and Pausania allready use the name of Euridice in place of Creusa’s; Caproni recovers the ambiguity of Vergil's lines, offering a retake on the latter’s notion of revitalized epos

    Corpo e poesia em Giorgio Caproni

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    Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-graduação em Literatura, 2019O corpo revela-se um elemento constante na produção poética e narrativa de Giorgio Caproni, e torna-se o objeto de estudo desta pesquisa. Para isso, propõe-se uma reflexão do corpo desde sua manifestação até seu desenvolvimento ao longo da produção literária de Caproni. As experiências e vivências particulares do poeta, que transbordam para o campo literário, também são levadas em consideração para pensar se o corpo que entra em contato com o ?eu? poético-narrativo é sempre exposto da mesma forma ou se existem mudanças significativas, para verificar de que forma ocorre o contato entre os corpos. De modo a contribuir para a pesquisa, buscou-se o suporte teórico de autores como W. Benjamin, M. Heidegger, G. Agamben e J.-L. Nancy. Ao longo do trabalho, estabeleceu-se uma divisão expressiva na produção de Caproni, tendo a experiência na Segunda Guerra Mundial como o divisor de águas de sua escrita. Ao final, observou-se que com a traumática experiência bélica, mudanças poéticas relevantes e um corpo sempre mais ausente, o olhar do poeta em relação ao corpo se modifica ao longo de suas publicações.Abstract: The body presents itself as a constant element in Giorgio Caproni?s poetic and narrative, and for this reason it becomes the object of study of this research. In this regard, it is proposed a reflection of the body from its manifestation until its development along Caproni?s literary production. The poet?s particular experiences which aboundes into the literary field, are also taken into consideration in thinking whether the body that comes into contact with the poetic-narrative self is always exposed in the same way or if there are significant changes, to verify how contact occurs between bodies. In order to contribute to the research, we sought the theoretical support of authors such as W. Benjamin, M. Heidegger, G. Agamben and J.-L. Nancy. Throughout the work, a significant division was established in Caproni?s production, having the experience in World War II as the watershed of his writing. In the end, it was observed that with the traumatic war experience, there was a relevant change in his poetic and an ever more absent body, the poet?s view of the body changes throughout his publications

    Excretory/secretory proteome of the adult stage of Echinostoma caproni

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    The excretory/secretory proteome of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) adults collected from experimentally infected mice was investigated using a proteomic approach. We performed a shot-gun liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the separation and identification of tryptic peptides from the excretory/secretory products of E. caproni adult worms. Database search was performed using MASCOT search engine (Matrix-Science) and ProteinPilot software v2.0 (Applied Biosystems). A total of 39 parasite proteins were accurately identified. Strikingly, metabolic enzymes, and particularly glycolytic enzymes, constituted the largest protein family in the excretory/secretory proteome of E. caproni adult worms. Moreover, representative proteins involved in parasite structure, response against stress, chaperones, calcium-binding, and signal transduction were also identified. This work extends our knowledge of host–parasite relationships in the E. caproni-rodent model that is extensively used to analyze the factors determining the intestinal helminth rejection. Consequently, information on many proteins may be useful to better understand the molecular basis that determines the survival of this parasite in the definitive host
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