25 research outputs found
Sensory processing associated with subcategories of restricted and repetitive behaviors in Japanese children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
No full textNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(医学)Background: Restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The structure of RRB subcategories and their relationship with atypical sensory processing in Japan are not well understood. This study examined subcategories of the RRB in Japanese children with ASD and explored their relationship with sensory processing. Methods: A total of 103 children and adolescents with ASD participated in this study, with more than 70% having a co-occurring intellectual disability. First, exploratory factor analysis of the RRB items of the Social Responsiveness Scale second edition (SRS-2) was conducted to identify RRB subcategories. Second, Spearman correlation and multiple regression analysis were run to examine relationships between the RRB subcategories of SRS-2 and subsections of the Short Sensory Profile. Results: Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two factors solution; repetitive sensory and motor behavior and insistence on sameness. Multiple regression analysis suggested that Movement Sensitivity and Auditory Filtering were associated with insistence on sameness. Furthermore, Underresponsive/Seeks Sensation, Visual/Auditory Sensitivity, and diagnosis of intellectual disabilities were associated with repetitive sensory and motor behavior. Conclusions: Findings indicate that RRB subcategories are differently related to sensory processing patterns in children with ASD. These results suggested that RRB subcategories are beneficial to consider the relationship between RRB and sensory processing.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1655号 学位授与年月日:令和6年12月4日Author: Haruka Noda, Naoto Yoneda, Ken Kamogawa, Goro Tanaka, Masakazu Ide and Ryoichiro IwanagaCitation: Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 3, art. no. 1411445; 2024Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(医学) (2024-12-04)doctoral thesi
Exploring Alexithymia, Uncertainty, Anxious Arousal, and Social Anxiety as Mediators of the Relationship Between Sensory Processing Differences and Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Autistic Adults
No full text\ua9 2025 The Author(s). Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) are associated with sensory processing (SP) differences for autistic people, and are thought to be a coping strategy to help manage the sensory environment. Previous work shows that, for autistic people, alexithymia, intolerance of uncertainty (IU), and anxiety mediate the relationship between SP differences and RRB. However, these studies use anxiety measures developed for the general population, and more recent evidence suggests that autistic people may have a different anxiety experience. This study aims to extend previous findings by unpacking the anxiety experience for autistic adults in the relationship between SP differences and RRB, using an autism-specific anxiety measure. Data were available from 426 autistic adults. Serial mediation models tested the relationship between SP differences and RRB, with alexithymia, IU, anxious arousal, and social anxiety as mediators. We identified significant direct effects from SP differences to both repetitive motor behaviors (RMB) and insistence on sameness behaviors (ISB). For RMB, we found indirect effects through anxious arousal, alexithymia-anxious arousal, IU-anxious arousal, and alexithymia-IU-anxious arousal. For ISB, we found indirect effects through IU and alexithymia-IU. Thus, different mechanisms may underpin RMB and ISB. Understanding the anxiety experience of autistic people, alongside the role of SP and RRB, is key to providing tailored support, adjustments, and psychological interventions to autistic people. Future research could benefit from directly investigating the impact of strategies to support SP and anxiety
Imbalanced social-communicative and restricted repetitive behavior subtypes of autism spectrum disorder exhibit different neural circuitry.
No full textSocial-communication (SC) and restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB) are autism diagnostic symptom domains. SC and RRB severity can markedly differ within and between individuals and may be underpinned by different neural circuitry and genetic mechanisms. Modeling SC-RRB balance could help identify how neural circuitry and genetic mechanisms map onto such phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we developed a phenotypic stratification model that makes highly accurate (97-99%) out-of-sample SC = RRB, SC > RRB, and RRB > SC subtype predictions. Applying this model to resting state fMRI data from the EU-AIMS LEAP dataset (n = 509), we find that while the phenotypic subtypes share many commonalities in terms of intrinsic functional connectivity, they also show replicable differences within some networks compared to a typically-developing group (TD). Specifically, the somatomotor network is hypoconnected with perisylvian circuitry in SC > RRB and visual association circuitry in SC = RRB. The SC = RRB subtype show hyperconnectivity between medial motor and anterior salience circuitry. Genes that are highly expressed within these networks show a differential enrichment pattern with known autism-associated genes, indicating that such circuits are affected by differing autism-associated genomic mechanisms. These results suggest that SC-RRB imbalance subtypes share many commonalities, but also express subtle differences in functional neural circuitry and the genomic underpinnings behind such circuitry
Comparison of an Explicit and Implicit Time Integration Method on GPUs for Shallow Water Flows on Structured Grids
No full textThe accuracy, stability and computational efficiency of numerical methods on central processing units (CPUs) for the depth-averaged shallow water equations were well covered in the literature. A large number of these methods were already developed and compared. However, on graphics processing units (GPUs), such comparisons are relatively scarce. In this paper, we present the results of comparing two time-integration methods for the shallow water equations on structured grids. An explicit and a semi-implicit time integration method were considered. For the semi-implicit method, the performance of several iterative solvers was compared. The implementation of the semi-implicit method on a GPU in this study was a novel approach for the shallow water equations. This also holds for the repeated red black (RRB) solver that was found to be very efficient on a GPU. Additionally, the results of both methods were compared with several CPU-based software systems for the shallow water flows on structured grids. On a GPU, the simulations were 25 to 75 times faster than on a CPU. Theory predicts an explicit method to be best suited for a GPU due to the higher level of inherent parallelism. It was found that both the explicit and the semi-implicit methods ran efficiently on a GPU. For very shallow applications, the explicit method was preferred because the stability condition on the time step was not very restrictive. However, for deep water applications, we expect the semi-implicit method to be preferred
Effects of tillage practices and slope on runoff and erosion of soil from the Loess Plateau, China, subjected to simulated rainfall
No full textSoil erosion, particularly during summer fallow period, in sloped farmland has been identified as a critical threat to sustainable agricultural development in the Loess Plateau of China. However, the effects of varying tillage practices during the summer fallow period have not been fully investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of tillage practices on runoff and sediment loss under plot (4.0 m in length and 1.0 m in width) rainfall simulations. Runoff initiation time, runoff amount, sediment loss and cumulative infiltration amount were recorded. One rainfall intensity (90 mm h(-1), 40 min), three slopes (5 degrees,10 degrees, and 15 degrees) and four prevalent tillage practices (Artificial Digging, AD; Artificial Hoeing, AH; Contour Plow, CP; and Traditional Plow, TP) were studied. Two indices, runoff reduction benefits (RRB) and sediment reduction benefits (SRB), were selected to evaluate the effect of the practice on controlling runoff and sediment Compared to TP treatment, the AD, AH and CP were more effective in reducing the magnitude of runoff amount and sediment loss as well as increasing the rain water infiltration amount. CP with a 15 degrees slope was an exception in which the sediment loss increased. In general, the SRB was greater than the RRB for a given tillage practice under the same slope, suggesting that the benefits from sediment reduction were more effective than the benefits from runoff reduction. RRB and SRB were the largest for AD, followed by AH and CP, irrespective of slopes. The capacity of the three tillage practices to reduce runoff and sediment decreased as the slope increased. In particular, AD at a 5 degrees slope had the best performance in reducing runoff and sediment loss; however, SRB and RRB were -57% and 1%, respectively, for a CP plot with a 15 degrees slope. This finding suggested that CP had a higher sediment loss and a similar runoff amount compared to those of TP. These results of plot simulated rainfall will contribute to our knowledge about the effects of different tillage practices on soil erosion from sloped farmland. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
ON THE OPTICAL MOLECULAR EMISSION BANDS OF HD44179: THE RED RECTANGLE
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville,; TN 38505 USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison,; WI 53706 USAWe have observed the Red Rectangle Nebula with the DENSPAK, multi-object spectrograph on the WIYN telescope. Moderate resolution spectra ( = 0.4 \AA ) in the region of 5800 \AA\ were obtained in 1.5-arcsec circular apertures at over 90 positions in the nebula. Evidence for absorption was specifically sought and found in the RRB spectra taken within 9 arcsec of the star. The absorption was coincident with the emission, but in all cases showed a lesser degree of rotational excitation. The increasing amount of absorption toward the central object and across the X-shaped spikes suggests that the absorber lies in a torus surrounding the central source. The problem of the velocity profiles of the molecular lines was examined considering the line profiles of Na, C I, and CO, which are known to show several velocity components in absorption and emission near the central source. The equivalent width of the emission allowed the estimation of the oscillator strength of the transition in the RRB carrier. Additionally, variation of the peak wavelengths and the gross profiles of the 5800 and 5850 \AA\ RRBs with distance from the star provide strong constraints on spectroscopic modeling of potential molecular candidates. We have begun such modeling for linear, prolate, and oblate carbonaceous clusters. This work may bracket the size of the molecule and the rotational excitation temperature
INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY OF THE RED RECTANGLE: UNRAVELING THE CARRIER OF THE RRBs IN 2D
No full textAuthor Institution: IRAP; Universite de Toulouse, UPS; CNRS; 9 Av. Colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, ACT 2611, Australia; Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, AustraliaFollowing the initial detection of the C Swan origin bands in the Red Rectangle, an unusual biconical protoplanetary nebula, a concerted effort has been undertaken in understanding this key astrophysical molecule from both the theoretical and experimental standpoint. In this talk we will present integral field observations on the Red Rectangle paying particular attention to the Swan Bands and the 5800{\AA} Red Rectangle band (RRB), an unassigned molecular emission feature. Integral field astronomy allows us to spectrally map the nebula, tracing the RRBs and C, and how they relate to one another across the object. By analysis of the C Swan bands of the RR, and assuming that the RRBs arise from photoexcitation and emission, we relate the abundance of C to the product of the oscillator strength and the column density of the RRB carrier
A Supply Pushing Reduction Technique for LC Oscillators Based on Ripple Replication and Cancellation
No full textIn this paper, we propose a method to suppress supply pushing of an LC oscillator such that it may directly operate from a switched-mode dc-dc converter generating fairly large ripples. A ripple replication block (RRB) generates an amplified ripple replica at the gate terminal of the tail current source to stabilize the oscillator's tail current and thus its oscillating amplitude. The parasitic capacitance of the active devices and correspondingly the oscillation frequency are stabilized in turn. A calibration loop is also integrated on-chip to automatically set the optimum replication gain that minimizes the variation of the oscillation amplitude. A 4.9-5.6-GHz oscillator is realized in 40-nm CMOS and occupies 0.23 mm² while consuming 0.8-1.3 mW across the tuning range (TR). The supply pushing is improved to <1 MHz/V resulting in a low <-49-dBc spur due to 0.5-12-MHz sinusoidal supply ripples as large as 50 mVpp. We experimentally verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique also in face of saw-tooth, multi-tone, and modulated supply ripples.Electronic
Suitability of Shallow Water Solving Methods for GPU Acceleration
No full textIn the past 15 years the field of general purpose computing on graphics processing units, or GPUs, has become well developed and the practice is becoming more mainstream. Computational demands of simulation software are continuously increasing. As such for many applications traditionally computed on the central processing unit the question arises of whether moving to GPU computing is a possible cost effective way of meeting these demands. The fundamental nature of GPU architecture that makes it so cost effective at doing bulk computation also poses restrictions on which applications are suitable for it. The shallow water equations are a simplified form of the Navier-Stokes equations and describe water levels and flow currents in suitably shallow water such as rivers, estuaries and the North sea. The main research goal of this thesis project was to determine whether the shallow water equations are suitable for implementation on a GPU. Two options exist, the equations may be solved with either an explicit or implicit time integration method. First, a literature study was conducted to familiarize with the tools required to build explicit and implicit shallow water models on a GPU. Then both an explicit and implicit shallow water solver were developed first in the MATLAB programming language and later in CUDA C++ on both CPU and GPU. The main findings are that both explicit and implicit methods are well suited for GPU implementation. Both methods proved to be compatible with a wetting and drying mechanism of numerical cells. The Cuda C++ implementation was in the order of 10 times as fast as a MATLAB implementation for both CPU and GPU. For the benchmark cases tested, the Cuda C++ GPU implementation was in the order of 50 times faster than the equivalent multithreaded CPU implementation. The implicit implementation was benchmarked using the conjugate gradient method to solve the linear system. Various preconditioners were tested and a Repeated Red Black preconditioner was found to be the most effective. The computation time of the RRB preconditioned implicit method was compared with the explicit method and it was found that the two methods reached parity in computation time when the implicit time step was taken roughly 50 times as large as the explicit time step. For implicit time steps smaller than that the explicit method was faster and when the implicit time step was larger the implicit method was faster. For the benchmark cases tested, the implicit method using a time step 50 times larger than the explicit method was found to be less accurate and less stable than the explicit method. The conclusion is that for cases similar to the benchmark cases an explicit method is the fastest, most stable and most accurate method and thus the preferred choice.Applied Mathematic
