1,742 research outputs found
Synthesis of IFN-β by Virus-Infected Chicken Embryo Cells Demonstrated with Specific Antisera and a New Bioassay
No full textTranscripts of interferon-α(IFN-α) and IFN-β genes are present in virus-infected chicken cells, but because
of a lack of appropriate assays and reagents, it was unclear if biologically active IFN-β is secreted. We have
established a nonviral bioassay for the sensitive detection of chicken IFN (ChIFN). This assay is based on a
quail cell line that carries a luciferase gene that is controlled by the IFN-responsive chicken Mx promoter.
Luciferase activity was strongly stimulated when the indicator cells were incubated with ChIFN-α, ChIFN-β,
or ChIFN-γ but not with chicken interleukin-1β (ChIL-1β). Unlike the classic antiviral assay that preferentially
detects ChIFN-α, the Mx-luciferase assay detected ChIFN-α and ChIFN-β with similar sensitivity.
With the help of this novel assay and with rabbit antisera specific for either IFN-α or IFN-β, we analyzed
the composition of IFN in supernatants of virus-infected chicken embryo cells. Virtually all IFN produced in
response to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was IFN-α. However, IFN produced in response to influenza A or
vaccinia virus (VV) was a mixture of usually more than 80% IFN-α and up to 20% IFN-β. Thus, IFN-α and
IFN-β both contribute to the cytokine activity in supernatants of virus-infected chicken cells. Furthermore,
the infecting virus appears to determine the IFN subtype composition
The flow design of information a good site, navigation maps, with Macromedia Dreamweaver MX 6.0
No full textIn scientific writing, the author only restrict the flow of planning information, guidance on good sites, map navigation, the formation of elements, creating web pages, Macromedia Dreamweaver MX 6.0 on web pages together with HTML tags, making the link with the text and test Web pages with Microsoft Internet Explorer. The objective is that companies can more easily. And increased satisfaction with the pelangganya, also became a benchmark to assess to which the writer's ability, improve information quickly and accurately. Is organized, not too hard to read, but still have a professional design and can be updated on a regular basis, so that accessing and communicating accurate information can be received with interactive, efficient, and fast for a person's job satisfaction. For this writing the author tried: Introducing MacromediaDreamweaver MX 6.0 to create web pages (web site) personal, Implementing a web page (web site) that has been made, Focusing on the design of writing interactive web pages, effectively and efficiently in accordance with the profile of personal homepage, so by the company could run faster than before. Because all products will be marketed through the web more easily recognized by consumers
Kinetic investigations on the fading reaction between MX and SDS at concentrations below and above the critical micellar concentration
No full textMurexide (MX), the ammonium salt of purpuric acid, was found to significantly fade in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) within 2 hours. Herein, the fading reaction kinetics data between MX and SDS at concentrations below and above the critical micellar concentration were studied using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer equipped with a temperature control system. By establishing a kinetic model and analysing the data, the influences of micelle and temperature on reaction orders and rate constants were determined. These results indicate that micelle formation can influence the reaction mechanism, lead to a decrease in reaction rate constants (k) and a shift in the partial order (β) from positive to negative. These results demonstrate that the formation of micelles have a substantial impact on the rate of the MX fading reaction, providing a new approach for studying the role of micelles in dye fading mechanisms
Sigmatoneura aquilis Liu, Li & Liu, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textSigmatoneura aquilis sp. nov. (Figs. 12–18) Male. Coloration (in alcohol). Body brown. Head (Fig. 12) brown with dark brown markings: a band of spots bordering epicranial suture stretching bilaterally on vertex; a quadrate frame on frons opening anteriorly and extending to antennal fossa. Compound eyes grayish black; ocelli black with grayish black ocellar field. Antennae and labrum dark brown; maxillary palpi brown with distal segments dark brown. Thorax brown with dark brown spots. Legs brown, with a band of dark brown marking on femur, tarsi and distal part of tibia dark brown. Fore wing (Fig. 13) hyaline with light brown markings basally, pterostigma fully dark brown with a dark brown band along proximal margin; hind wing (Fig. 14) hyaline, with light brown markings basally. Abdominal segments brown with dark brown spots; apical regions dark brown. Morphology. Head small, epicranial suture concave and distinct. Fore wing: pterostigma with moderate hind angle, Rs-M crossvein short, distal margin of discoidal cell concave, Cu 1 a and M fused for a short distance or meeting at a point, radial fork branches diverge at an angle about 90 °. Hind wing without marginal setae between R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5. Hind tibia normal. Abdomen ovoid. Phallosome (Fig. 15) a frame, longer than wide, acuminate proximally and narrow distally, with posterior margin straight. Hypandrium (Fig. 16) with membranous regions anteromedially and marginally, sclerotized arms forming broad T-shaped regions. Epiproct (Fig. 17) with unsclerotized regions antero- and disto-medially; paraproct (Fig. 18) broad triangular, with a strong apical spine, sensory field with about 42 trichobothria. Measurements. Bw: 6482, B: 4324, FW: 5367, HW: 3567, F: 1422, T: 1774, t 1: 467, t 2: 327, Mx 4: 287, f 1: 2372, f 2: 2304, f 3: 2301, IO/d: 2.867. Material examined. Holotype male, CHINA: Guizhou Province, Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve, 12.viii. 2010, Luxi Liu (CAU). Paratype, CHINA: 1 male, same as holotype. Distribution. China (Guizhou). Etymology. The species name refers to the obvious dark coloration of the specimens. Remarks. The fore wing of the new species is most similar to Sigmatoneura kolbei described from Japan (Enderlein, 1906). Tsutsumi (1965) provided genitalia characters of S. kolbei from Taiwan, and the phallosome of S. aquilis is narrower distally and lacks lateral apophyses. Sclerotization regions in the epiproct and hypandrium are also different between the two species.Published as part of Liu, Luxi, Li, Fasheng & Liu, Zhiqi, 2011, The genus Sigmatoneura Enderlein (Psocoptera: Psocidae), with two new species from China, pp. 33-41 in Zootaxa 2999 on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20307
Identification of soil quality factors and indicators for the Loess Plateau of China
No full textSoil quality has been significantly degraded in the Loess Plateau of China by soil erosion. Our objectives were to (i) identify regional-scale soil quality factors (groupings), (ii) select soil attributes within these factors that can be used as indicators of soil quality, and (iii) determine the impact of land use on these soil quality factors and indicators for the Loess Plateau in China. Soil samples were taken from the 0- to 20-cm depth in five catchments with 10 different land use types, and 32 soil properties were determined. Through principal component and discriminant analyses, the five critical soil quality factors identified were organic matter, texture, phosphorus, porosity, and microstructure. Within these factors, the individual attributes that best served as indicators of soil quality were organic matter, hydraulic conductivity, antiscourability, cation exchange capacity, invertase, mean weight diameter of aggregate, available phosphorous, and mean weight diameter of micro-aggregates. Among these indicators, available phosphorus, antiscourability, hydraulic conductivity, organic matter, and urease were highly sensitive to land use. Organic matter, hydraulic conductivity, and antiscourability were found to be the most important indicators to characterize soil quality in this loess plateau
Both antiviral activity and intracellular localization of chicken Mx protein depend on a polymorphism at amino acid position 631
No full textThe Mx protein is known to inhibit the multiplication of several RNA viruses. In chickens, a polymorphism at amino acid position 631 (631 aa) of Mx protein has been suggested to be involved in the antiviral ability against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and influenza virus, indicating that a Ser-to-Asn substitution at 631 aa is the source of this antiviral ability. However, how the substitution at 631 aa contributes to the antiviral activity remains to be clarified. In this study, we investigated differences in antiviral activity against VSV and intracellular localization between Ser and Asn types at 631 aa of the chicken Mx protein. The results showed that chicken Mx protein with an Asn at 631 aa inhibited VSV multiplication and Mx distribution in a granular-like pattern in the cytoplasm. However, Mx carrying the Ser type did not inhibit viral growth and homogenous spread throughout the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we found that replacing Ser with Asn at 631 aa provided Mx with antiviral activity against VSV, with Mx showing granular-like distribution in the cytoplasm. These results demonstrated that a single amino acid polymorphism at 631 aa of the chicken Mx protein altered both the antiviral activity and intracellular localization
Soil quality indices and their application in the hilly loess plateau region of China
No full textSoil quality in the hilly Loess Plateau region of China is seriously degraded due to hillside cultivation and severe soil erosion. No established methods are available for evaluating the regional soil quality nor has integrated soil quality assessment been conducted in the region. Our objectives were to (i) develop soil quality models and assessment methods, (ii) verify the representativeness of selected soil quality indicators, and (iii) evaluate landuse effects on regional soil quality. The research was conducted on 707 km(2) of typical hilly Loess Plateau in Shaanxi province, China. Soil samples (total 208) were taken from 5 catchments under 10 different landuse types. Two integrated evaluation methods (weighted summation and weighted product) and 2 indicator sets ( a whole and a minimum set) were tested, each producing a soil quality index. Quantitative evaluation of soil quality in different landuse types was also performed. The results showed that the weighted product method provided better differentiation of soil quality between landuses. The minimum indicator set of 8 soil quality indicators, selected by factor analysis from a complete set of 29 soil attributes, reflected all or most of the information of the whole set in assessing regional soil quality. Soil quality index (SQI) values under different landuse types ranged from 0.842 for natural woodland to 0.150 for orchard. Index values for orchard, cropland, revegetated grassland, and planted grassland were significantly less than those for 6 other landuse types, whereas planted shrubland, planted woodland, and natural grassland indices were significantly less than those for greenhouse, natural shrubland, and natural woodland. No significant difference in SQI was found between orchard, cropland, revegetated grassland, and planted grassland, or between planted shrubland and planted woodland. Overall, it was found that soil quality was generally poor across the region, except for natural woodland, shrubland and greenhouse areas
Digitale signaalverwerking van de F.M.-C.W.radar met behulp van een 21 MX computer
No full textBij het dakproject bestaat de behoefte aan een snelle signaalverwerking teneinde een quasi momentane afbeelding van het brekingsindexverloop in de troposfeer te verwezenlijken. Deze "monitorfunctie" wordt gerealiseerd m.b.v. een microgeprogrammeerde Fast Fourier Transform algoritme in "block-floating point" uitvoering. Als eis wordt hierbij gesteld dat de signaalverwerking binnen 1 sec. plaatsvindt. In het frequentiedomein kunnen datavensters worden toegepast die weinig rekentijd vergen. Deze datavensters verbeteren de resolutie. Ook wordt ingegaan op de te volgen procedures bij microprogrammering op een 21 MX computer van Hewlett Packard.Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceTransmissie van Informati
Expression analysis of three immune genes Interferon-gamma, Mx and Interferon regulatory factor-1 of Japanese flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus )
No full textABSTRACT IFN-γ (Interferon-gamma), Mx and IRF-1 (Interferon regulatory factor-1) are main immune-related genes and they play important roles in the innate immune system of vertebrates. In this study, the expression level of the three immune-related genes in twelve tissues of normal adult Japanese flounder was detected using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Thirteen time points (3h, 6h, 9h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 84h, 96h, 108h, 120h) were selected to analyze the expression of IFN-γ, Mx and IRF-1 in spleen, head kidney, liver of Japanese flounder infected with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The Japanese flounder IFN-γ, Mx and IRF-1 genes were differently expressed in these tissues and had high expression levels in classical fish immune organs like spleen and head kidney. It was found that the highest expression levels of the Japanese flounder IFN-γ were detected at 24h in spleen, 36h in head kidney and 48h in liver after challenge with LPS. Interestingly, the highest expression levels of Mx in spleen and head kidney were both at 36h and IRF-1 in spleen and liver were both at 24h. The highest expression level of Mx in liver was at 48h and IRF-1 in head kidney was at 12h. The study provides a basis for further research on immune mechanism of IFN-γ, Mx, IRF-1 and the production of recombinant IFN-γ, Mx or IRF-1 used in Japanese flounder cultivation in future
Atom probe study of MX to Z-phase transformation in Z-phase strengthened 12%Cr steels
No full textIn creep resistant Z-phase strengthened 12% Cr steels, MX to Z-phase transformation plays an important role in achieving a fine distribution of Z-phase precipitates for creep strengthening. Atom probe tomography was employed to investigate the phase transformation in a Nb-based Z-phase strengthened trial steel. Using iso-concentration surfaces with different concentration values, and subtracting the matrix contribution enabled us to reveal the core-shell structure of the transient precipitates between MX and Z-phase. It was shown that Z-phase forms by diffusion of Cr into NbN upon ageing, and Z-phase has a composition corresponding to Cr1+xNb1-xN with x=0.08
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