1,720,959 research outputs found
L'expérience des étudiants autochtones à l'université : racisme systémique, stratégies d'adaptation et espoir de changement social
Get PDFAu Canada, il existe un écart important entre le niveau d'éducation des populations autochtones et celui des populations non-autochtones. En 2016, 3 Autochtones sur 10 avaient décroché du secondaire sans obtenir leur diplôme, et 11% des Autochtones étaient titulaires d'un diplôme universitaire, contre 29% des Canadiens (Statistique Canada 2017). Considérant ces inégalités, plusieurs études ont identifié les besoins, les obstacles et les facteurs de réussite ou d'échec des étudiants autochtones. Dans cette perspective, mon doctorat vise à améliorer la compréhension des expériences vécues par les étudiants des Premières Nations à l'université. Il repose sur une enquête qualitative de type empirico-inductive réalisée entre 2014 et 2017 à Montréal (Québec). Le corpus de données est constitué d'entrevues avec 21 étudiants et anciens étudiants des Premières Nations de l'UQAM et de l'UdeM, complété par
des entrevues avec 3 étudiants autochtones anglophones de l'Université McGill, 3 étudiants non-autochtones et 9 personnes-ressources d'établissements postsecondaires montréalais.
Plusieurs facteurs sont déterminants pour différencier l'expérience universitaire des participants, notamment le rapport au milieu urbain et le capital culturel, social et linguistique. Seuls une minorité de participants éprouvaient des difficultés d'adaptation urbaines, académiques et sociales. Tous les participants expérimentaient cependant les conséquences du racisme systémique envers les peuples autochtones.
La recherche mobilise les théories critiques en éducation (pédagogie critique et perspective antiraciste) et la Critical Race Theory pour interpréter les résultats, en se distanciant des analyses traditionnelles fondées sur les théories de la «discontinuité culturelle». Aborder les enjeux sous l'angle de l'oppression raciale permet de redéfinir le cadre de la réflexion sur les inégalités de scolarisation entre Autochtones et non-autochtones. La thèse apporte ainsi un éclairage sur les effets des mécanismes de discrimination auxquels font face les étudiants, aux niveaux interpersonnel et institutionnel. Elle contribue également à mieux comprendre les modalités par lesquelles les étudiants exercent leur agentivité. Les étudiants se conforment (du moins en apparence) aux
règles scolaires imposées afin d'acquérir les outils nécessaires à un changement social sur le long terme. À court terme? tout en étant contraints de s'adapter aux structures euroquébécoises, ils tentent de ne pas se laisser définir par les expériences de stigmatisation et par une identité racisée imposée par la colonisation.
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MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR :
Autochtones, Premières Nations, université, racisme, inclusio
Prendre en compte les effets du racisme systémique pour assurer une meilleure sécurisation culturelle des étudiants autochtones
Get PDFPublication faisant suite au 4e Colloque sur la persévérance et la réussite scolaires chez les Premiers Peuples qui s'est déroulé à Montréal en octobre 2019.
Disponible en français dans EDUQ.info sous le titre "Prendre en compte les effets du racisme systémique pour assurer une meilleure sécurisation culturelle des étudiants autochtones".In recent years, Quebec universities
and CEGEPs have implemented a growing
number of initiatives to provide Indigenous
students with adapted services and an
environment more respectful of their realities.
These initiatives involve recognizing the cultural,
linguistic and geographical realities of Indigenous
students. However, Indigenous students
are affected by institutionalized discrimination,
an aspect of the education system rarely
documented in Quebec. This article aims
to provide avenues for understanding how
systemic racism impacts Indigenous peoples
in the university system—a key component
for reflection on support measures for
Indigenous students
La représentation des Autochtones au Québec, ou comment les Québécois ne sont pas racistes : Réflexions croisées sur les parcours de deux chercheuses
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Entre revendications nationales et expériences locales. La reconnaissance des Premières Nations dans les universités de Montréal (Québec)
No full textThis article is based on an anthropological and qualitative study conducted between 2013 and 2015 in the four universities of Montréal with Aboriginal Student Services’ staff and First Nations students. The objective of the research was to understand the modalities of inclusion of indigenous realities in a non-Aboriginal academic environment. The study highlights two main elements. First, there is a distinction between the policies of English-speaking and French-speaking universities regarding the inclusion of Aboriginal perspectives. This reflects a specific political, geographical and linguistic situation in Quebec. Furthermore, the expectations expressed by the participants primarily concern the establishment of facilities to create a favorable environment and a greater cultural sensitivity outside the courses themselves. The radical transformation of curricula and teaching methods, at the heart of the reflection of indigenous intellectuals, which is promoted internationally by the UN, thus appears to be a real but secondary issue. This observation leads to a nuanced discussion on the concept of “indigenization of the curriculum”
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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