66,546 research outputs found
Giving voters what they want? Party orientation perceptions and preferences in the British electorate
No full textSome of the most important propositions in the political marketing literature hinge on assumptions about the electorate. In particular, voters are presumed to react in different ways to different orientations or postures. Yet there are theoretical reasons for questioning some of these assumptions, and certainly they have seldom been empirically tested. Here, we focus on one prominent example of political marketing research: Lees-Marshment’s orientations’ model. We investigate how the public reacts to product and market orientation, whether they see a trade-off between the two (a point in dispute among political marketing scholars), and whether partisans differ from non-partisan voters by being more inclined to value product over market orientation. Evidence from two mass sample surveys of the British public (both conducted online by YouGov) demonstrates important heterogeneity within the electorate, casts doubt on the core assumptions underlying some political marketing arguments and raises broader questions about what voters are looking for in a party
Measurement of the ratio of prompt χ c to J / ψ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
No full textThe prompt production of charmonium χ c and J / ψ states is studied in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The χ c and J / ψ mesons are identified through their decays χ c → J / ψ γ and J / ψ → μ + μ - using 36 pb - 1 of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for χ c and J / ψ, σ (χ c → J / ψ γ) / σ (J / ψ), is determined as a function of the J / ψ transverse momentum in the range 2 < p T J / ψ < 15 GeV / c. The results are in excellent agreement with next-to-leading order non-relativistic expectations and show a significant discrepancy compared with the colour singlet model prediction at leading order, especially in the low p T J / ψ region
Modificacions de les Propietats Fisicoquímiques de les "Lies" de Segona Fermentació durant la Criança del Cava
No full text[cat] Els caves són vins escumosos que es distingeixen per la seva criança particular en contacte amb els llevats de la segona fermentació per un període no inferior a 9 mesos. Com més es perllonga la criança, se suposa una millor qualitat del vi. Així, la categoria “Gran Reserva” implica com a mínim 30 mesos d’envelliment en rima. Tanmateix, encara no s'han esclarit els mecanismes que involucren l’autòlisi amb la qualitat organolèptica dels vins escumosos.
En aquest treball s’ha proposat identificar possibles mecanismes que expliquin la relació entre la criança del vi escumós en contacte amb les lies i el temps d’envelliment. Per fer-ho, s'han avaluat els canvis a les propietats fisicoquímiques de les lies atenent a les seves modificacions ultraestructurals al llarg de la criança i s'ha estudiat la capacitat de les lies per retenir compostos volàtils que participen en l’aroma del vi, així com la seva possible intervenció en la protecció del vi enfront de l’oxidació.
Les propietats fisicoquímiques de les lies estudiades han estat: hidrofobicitat, capacitat electródonador i electró-receptor i potencial “Xi”; les quals varien amb el període de criança del cava. A més, aquests canvis s'han relacionat amb les modificacions morfològiques de les cèl•lules.
Així, les lies de segona fermentació pateixen profunds canvis a la seva ultraestructura al llarg de la rima, els quals impliquen a tots els orgànuls cel•lulars. Es desestructura profundament el citoplasma i desapareixen els orgànuls. La membrana plasmàtica es trenca, augmenta l’espai periplasmàtic i la paret perd progressivament la part amorfa de la seva estructura, relacionada amb el glucà, i exposa la capa fribril•lar interna, relacionada amb les mannoproteïnes. A més, sembla que el vi on es duu a terme la segona fermentació no influeix en la cinètica de degradació del llevat.
Pel que fa a la hidrofobicitat de les cèl•lules de llevats, disminueix amb el temps de rima, i aquesta propietat està relacionada amb el seu caràcter electró-donador i amb l’increment de potencial “Xi” i del caràcter electró-receptor. La davallada de la capacitat per flocular de les lies de segona fermentació sembla ésser deguda a les proteïnes de superfície i estar correlacionada amb la pèrdua de la hidrofobicitat.
Finalment, les lies en contacte amb el vi retenen compostos volàtils que participen a l’aroma del cava. La desestructuració de la paret cel•lular modificarà els compostos volàtils retinguts així com aquells que es remouran durant el procés de degollament del cava. D'altra banda la superfície de les cèl•lules també ha mostrat tenir una capacitat antioxidant similar a la de fruites i vegetals, després d’ésser analitzades mitjançant els mètodes de FRAP i DPPH. Aquesta capacitat es redueix amb el temps de rima. Els polifenols retinguts semblen ésser els majors contribuïdors al poder reductor de les lies, seguits dels tiols i, finalment, dels mannans i glucans.[eng] Aging on lees after second fermentation is a fundamental stage in the production of some high quality sparkling wines by the traditional method, and it results in an increase in product richness and roundness. During this ageing, lees interact with the wine and undergo important modifications to their structure, due to the self-degradation process known as autolysis.
Cell wall biochemical components confer physicochemical surface properties that enable yeasts and lees to interact among them and with other compounds. These interactions are mainly referred to lees sorptive properties toward organic compounds, to the protective effect of lees toward wine oxidation, and to their flocculation capacity.
Yeast lees have shown the capacity to interact with wine organic compounds such as volatiles and polyphenols. The sorption capacity of yeast surface seems to be related to both chemical properties of the sorbed substances and cell surface characteristics. These sorptive phenomena are thought to influence the chemical composition of wines during their ageing on lees.
The phenomena related with the antioxidant properties of yeast cells is other feature with relevance in wine technology. Lees’ antioxidant properties could be attributed to three main mechanisms: The action of enzymes and biomolecules released during autolysis, the effects of membrane lipids and by means of elements in cell wall (constitutional or retained during aging).
Finally, Flocculation capacity is especially important in the production of sparkling wine by the méthode champenoise, in which the yeast cells can only be removed from the bottle by being settled. The flocculation seems to be related with the presence of flocculins (surface proteins), calcium and mannose. Moreover, the behaviour of cells seems strongly conditioned by their cell surface physicochemical properties. The changes in lees wall structure caused by the autolytic process during sparkling wine ageing could induce relevant modifications in the cell surface structure and physicochemical characteristics and thus in the above mentioned lees properties
Tomographic Images of Klyuchevskoy Volcano P-Wave Velocity
No full textThree-dimensional structural images of the P-wave velocity below the edifice of the great Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes in central Kamchatka are derived via tomographic inversion. The structures show a distinct low velocity feature extending from around 20 km depth to 35 km depth, indicating evidence of magma ponding near the Moho discontinuity. The extensive low velocity feature represents, at least to some degree, the source of the large volume of magma currently erupting at the surface near the Klyuchevskoy group
Political marketing theory and practice:A reply to Ormrod's critique of the Lees-Marshment market-oriented party model
No full textIn this article I discuss the 'Lees-Marshment model' of a market-oriented party in response to the criticisms from Robert Ormrod. In doing this I note recent modifications I have made, comment on its comparative potential and put forward my own evaluation of the areas that need development such as communication of delivery, implementation and empirical verification.</p
Heteropsis tianae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov.
No full textHeteropsis tianae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E 6864 E 90 -B 8 CF- 4 E 5 F- 99 C 4 -AC 879 E 6 F 70 A Prior references: sp. 49, 69 (Lees, 1997: Torres et al., 2001: 462). Type material., Deposition BMNH: Holotype: ♂ (Fig. 24 A), Madagascar C, Amboasary-an-ala, Tsaracamp Boogie Pilgrim, Anjozorobe, 18.45 o S, 47.95 o E +/- 2.45 km, 1375 +/- 75 m, 2 / 3 / 2004, D.C. Lees: DL- 4-182, NHMUK 010289158 [QTR barcode]. Paratypes: Deposition BMNH: ♂ ( Fig. 25 A), Madagascar C, Anjozorobe 1400 m, 12 / 11 / 1994, C. Kremen, 228 DL [genitalia], NHMUK 010289191 [QTR barcode]; ♀ (Fig. 24 B), Madagascar C, Amboasary-an-ala, Vanjamanitra-Vazimba forest, Anjozorobe; towards start of Vanjamanitra trail, 18.4368 o S, 47.9469 o E +/- 0.25 km, 1316 +/- 5 m 3 / 3 / 2004: later PM, 1 egg expressed 4 / 3 /04; D.C. Lees: DL- 4-360; CCDB-02225-F09, BMAD 069- 0 9, HM 404245 [DNA barcode voucher], BMNH (E) # 676763 [DNA voucher; cytochrome b], IA 85 [isotope voucher]; ♂, C, Amboasary-an-ala, Tsaracamp Boogie Pilgrim, Anjozorobe, 12–14 m canopy forest, flat summit, 18.4497 o S, 47.9404 o E +/- 0.15 km, 1320 +/- 50 m, 2 / 3 / 2004: 09: 27, D.C. Lees: DL- 4-169, 561 [= DL 0561; DNA extract number], BMNH (E) # 671926, IA 122 [isotope voucher]; 2 ♀♀ [BMNH], “Andrangalooka Forest, Madagascar ” [=Andrangoloaka, E. Lac Mantasoa], BMNH (E) # 674766 (Godman-Salvin Coll.; Fig. 24 C) and BMNH (E) # 674767; Deposition MNHN: ♂ [MNHN], Madagascar Centre 8 km S.E. d’Anjozorobe forêt de Vanjamanitra 1380 m 20 / 23 -X- 1966 P. Griveaud, J. Vadon et P. Viette|DCL-DB- 4471; Deposition ABRI: ♂, Madagascar C, Anjozorobe, 18.413 o S, 47.946 o E +/- 0.02 km, 1310 +/- 50 m, 22 / 10 / 2014, D.C. Lees: DL 14 Z-066. Deposition summary: BMNH (HT ♂, 2 PT ♂♂, 3 PT ♀♀), MNHN (PT ♂), ABRI (PT ♂). Type locality. Madagascar C, Amboasary-an-ala, vic. Anjozorobe, 18.45 o S, 47.95 o E +/- 2.45 km, 1375 +/- 75 m. Diagnosis. Heteropsis oberthueri, described below, is hard to distinguish from Ht. tianae except by ♂ genitalia (the gnathos is more flattened at the base than in that species) and by mitochondrial DNA sequence (DNA barcode highly distinct from ‘sp. 28 ’ to be treated in a subsequent paper, and from Ht. turbans (Oberthür, 1916); see under DNA divergences). On average, the HWV Mb of Ht. tianae is slightly more outdented near space-M 2 (Fig. 24 A– C), and the HWV tends to have the space-CuA 2 ocellus expressed as small black-ringed ocellus. However, Ht. oberthueri (Fig. 24 D–E, Fig. 26 A) can be distinguished from the sympatric Ht. andasibe by the distinctly more outangled HWV Mb of that species (Fig. 22 C; Fig. 26 B). In the Angavo massif, I observed the last species to prefer habitat only a few metres from the forest margin. The ventrally very similar Ht. roussettae usually has a smoother outcurve to the HWV Mb at space-M 2 and strong tendency to expression of a small ocellus in space-M 3 on the HWD (Fig. 22 AB). Description. Wings: upperside uniform mid brown, FW space-CuA 1 ocellus with an orange ocellus ‘ring’ which is sometimes rather hexagonal in shape and eccentric, being wider at proximad edge. FW space-M 1 ocellus small with narrow orange ring. HW space-CuA 1 ocellus the only one expressed there and somewhat elliptic. Darkish brown diffuse, slightly wavy hair-brush emanating mainly from below vein 1 A+ 2 A as far as mid-vein. Underside greyish brown, rather more uniform and less strongly irrorated than in many Heteropsis, rather uniformly irrorated brown and ochreous brown. Space-CuA 1 ocellus FWV with orange ring yellowing proximad, this Ore following the darkish brown concave curve of the Mb before it bends back to mid-costa. Space-M 1 ocellus FWV reduced to white pupil with narrow black iris without trace of orange ring. On HWV, space-CuA 1 ocellus slightly elliptic with narrow black iris and small also, without orange ring trace. HWV space-M 1 -M 2 ocelli as white ‘pupil’ points. HWV Mb darkish brown and fairly straight, only gently curving. FWV cell area with four darker brown rather equally spaced transverse Cbs. Basal areas are not much darker than areas distad of the Mb, and a darker brown PMb is weakly represented. Variation. ♂♂ similar to each other, but seasonal variation has not been quantified. HWV Mb sometimes with a yellow Mf distad of it in space-M 2. HWV space-CuA 2 ocellus may be slightly expressed as small white pupil with elliptic black iris. ♀♀ similar in pattern, but larger and somewhat lighter dorsally with a more rounded HW shape. Wingspan/fwl: range 34.7–40.2 / 18.1–20.4 mm (n= 3 ♂♂), including HT ♂: 34.7 / 18.56 mm; mean 37.0 +/- 2.1 SD/ 19.4 +/- 1.0 SD mm (n= 5 ♂♂). Range 35.2 –41.0/ 18.3–22.1 mm; mean 38.2 +/- 3.3 SD/ 20.4 +/- 1.7 SD mm (n= 5 ♀♀). Androconia: both 1 A+ 2 A and 3 A have a tapered ‘balloon-like’ inflation, more swollen distad, from base to mid-vein, covered in thin grey-brown scales (Lees 1997: 96, Fig. 3 A: sp. 49). HW veins M 2, M 3, CuA 1 and CuA 2 are also narrowly inflated throughout their lengths and have specialized scales on the dorsal surface (Lees 1997: 96, Fig. 3 A). Abdominal black androconia indistinctly visible ventro-laterally around A 2. HWD discocellular brush fawn to yellowish/blonde at tip. Discocellular patch hwd (orange, small, lenticular, composed of narrow yellow scales) (observations on MAD 239–242, MAD 244; Anjozorobe, n= 5). Palps: penultimate segment with narrow brown medial strip, flanked by yellow and fringed by dark brown scales, with yellow scales mainly on mesad face. ♂ genitalia: 228 DL, PT (Fig. 25 A): from LV, uncus slightly proud of dorsal curve of tegumen and longer than it, fairly straight and parallel-sided to hook without a distinct ‘head’ although slightly broadened ventrally towards tip (evident from the SV), and tegumen fairly narrow at hinge with vinculum; tegumen viewed laterally less tapered ventrad than many species. Valve arm with fairly short neck (distinctly recurved and bowed inwards from the SV) and slight club at tip covered in spinoid setae, with distinct ‘beak’ oriented towards uncus and slightly mesad, uncus tip distinctly proud of valves. Gnathos from rather small base with distinct flattening, more so than in Ht. oberthueri (although not with ear-like structure) near base, recurved downwards at tapered tip (and inwards from the SV) with slight serration on dorsal surface. Saccus moderate length and parallel sided, aedeagus slightly shorter than valve and strongly recurved twice, towards and away from the also proximally uprecurved ostium. Etymology. Etymology. After ‘Tiana’ Raharitsimba (= Heritiana Rahagalala), who found some of the first modern exemplars of this species at Anjozorobe. Discussion. Historical specimens, one from Andrangoloaka forest in the Angavo massif, probably late 19 th Century, a bit south of the type locality near Lac. Mantasoa (♀) and two ♀ (“ Madagascar ”) were found in BMNH, but the species was subsequently found in the field in Anjozorobe forest from 1994 by C. Kremen and coworkers where it was called “sp. 69 ” (Lees, 1997: 65), and in MNHN from 1966 collection. STs of the similar species Culapa antsianakana Oberthür, 1916 and of C. anceps Oberthür, 1916 (LT ♂♂ designated above under Ht. roussettae; see Fig. 22 C–D) were examined and are clearly different, along with Ht. oberthueri, described below. Additional information. DNA divergences: COI- 5 P cluster number BOLD:AAE 4112 (exemplar BMAD 200 - 15, DL 14 Z-051) is about 2.58 % divergent to Ht. oberthueri (cluster number BOLD:ACW 4996, exemplar BMAD 242 - 15, DL 06- 11, RNI Zahamena) and about 4.17 % divergent from ‘sp. 28 ’ (BOLD:AAE 5458), which is not likely to be the sister species. In their dataset for COII (Torres et al., 2001), Ht. tianae (as their “ Hen. sp. 49 ”, AY 040160, based on a ♂ from Anjozorobe, 1400 m.; see correction below) is considerably less pairwise divergent (4.76 %), however, to Ht. turbans (AY 040130, based on 2 ♂♂ and 1 ♀ from Ranomafana National Park; which has COI- 5 P cluster number BOLD: ACD 8579). Phylogeny/sister species: probably Ht. oberthueri based on the close relationship of the COI- 5 P barcode (confirmed by Aduse-Poku et al., 2016, in press). In their cladistic analysis of COII sequences, Torres et al., (2001: 467) suggested a topological relationship of Ht. tianae (sp. 49) with Ht. ankova but that was not supported (Torres et al., 2001: 466). Ecology and distribution. Habitat: montane rainforest. Behaviour: both sexes come readily to fruit bait. Flies in substratum of forest. Hostplant: unknown, presumed to be grasses. Early stages: unknown. Distribution: endemic to the Angavo massif, including Anjozorobe and Andrangoloaka, as far as is known (Fig. 30 C, dark pink dots). Due to a formatting error, the locality was incorrectly given in Table 1 of Torres et al., 2001 as “Anjanaharibe Sud” instead of the line below, “Anjozorobe 1400 m.” Elevational range: 1320–1375 m. (n= 27 including referred specimens and observations). Referred specimens. ♂ [MNHN], Madagascar Centre, forêt a l’Est du lac de Mantasoa, Andrangoloaka, 27 -II/ 6 -III- 1970 1389 m, P. Griveaud|DCL-DB- 2240; 2 ♂♂ [MNHN], data as above but: DCL-DB- 4469, DCL-DB- 4470; ♂ [BMNH; probably referable to Ht. tianae], Madagascar, Crowley bequest 1901 - 78 Rcvd as Mycalesis iboina Ward F.A.H. | 246 DL [genitalia]; 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Anjozorobe, 1380 m. [18.4084 o S, 47.9377 o E +/- 1.5 km], 4 / 12 / 1994, C. Kremen; ♂, Anjozorobe, “volo” circuit, 18.413 o S, 47.946 o E +/- 0.02 km, 1310 +/- 50 m, 22 / 10 / 2014 13: 51; D.C. Lees: DL 14 Z-051, BMAD 200 - 15 [DNA barcode voucher]; ♀, C, Anjozorobe, 1400 m, 18.4084 o S, 47.9377 o E +/- 1 km, 1400 +/- 100 m, 11 / 12 / 1994; D.C. Lees: DL 94 -0003A, BMNH (E) # 672411 [DNA voucher]; ♀, same data but 14 / 12 / 1994; C. Kremen: CK 753, IA 211 [isotope voucher]; ♀, same data but 138 m 14 / 12 / 1994, C. Kremen: CK 754; ♂, C, Anjozorobe, 18.4498 o S, 47.939 o E +/- 0.2 km, 1323 +/- 25 m, 2 / 3 / 2004; D.C. Lees et al.: DL- 4 -166, 2576 [= DL 2276; DNA extract number], BMNH (E) # 676776, IA 9 [isotope voucher]; ♂, C, Amboasaryan-ala, Tsaracamp Boogie Pilgrim, Anjozorobe, 18.45 o S, 47.95 o E +/- 2.45 km, 1375 +/- 75 m, D.C. Lees: DL- 4- 165; ♂, same data but DL- 4-180; ♂, same data but DL- 4-181; ♀, same data but DL- 4-382; ♂, same data but DL- 4- 429; ♂, same data but DL- 4-395; ♂, same data but R. Ranaivosolo: DL- 4-405; ♂, same data but 2 / 3 / 2004: 09: 26, R. Ranaivosolo: DL- 4-198; ♀, same data but 09: 36, R. Ranaivosolo: DL- 4-199; ♂, same data but 13: 15, R. Ranaivosolo: DL- 4-212; ♂, same data but DL- 4-214; ♂, same data but 15: 15, R. Ranaivosolo: DL- 4-218; ♂, C, Amboasary-an-ala, Vanjamanitra-Vazimba forest, Anjozorobe, 18.45 o S, 47.95 o E +/- 2.45 km, 1375 +/- 75 m, 3 / 3 / 2004: 15: 41, D.C. Lees: DL- 4-366; ♂, data as above but: later PM, D.C. Lees: DL- 4-347; ♂, data as above but: D.C. Lees: DL- 4-356, 582 [= DL 0582; DNA extract number], IA 123 [isotope voucher]; ♂, C, Amboasary-an-ala, Vanjamanitra-Vazimba forest, Anjozorobe, 18.45 o S, 47.95 o E +/- 2.45 km, 1375 +/- 75 m, 3 / 3 / 2004: later PM, D.C. Lees: DL- 4 -361, 1051 [= DL 1051; DNA extract number], BMNH (E) # 672416, HDO, F-A, H-A, ABD, H-M [androconia sampled; K. Bubbinga study]; ♂, C, Amboasary-an-ala, Tsaracamp Boogie Pilgrim, Anjozorobe, 18.45 o S, 47.95 o E +/- 2.45 km, 1375 +/- 75 m, 4 / 3 / 2004: 10: 52, D.C. Lees: DL- 4-417; ♂, data as above but: DL- 4- 418; ♂, C, Amboasary-an-ala, Tsaracamp Boogie Pilgrim, Anjozorobe, ‘just by S 3 ’, 18.4505 o S, 47.9399 o E +/- 0.15 km, 1323 m, 2 / 3 / 2004: 08: 56, D.C. Lees: DL- 4-167, IA 19 [isotope voucher]; ♂, C, Anjozorobe, 18.45 o S, 47.95 o E +/- 2.45 km, 1330 m, 4 / 2 / 2014: 15: 20, D.C. Lees: MAD 240 [pheromone voucher], IA 403 [isotope voucher]; ♂, Anjozorobe, Babakoto trail, c. 1350 m, K. Aduse-Poku, 04/02/ 2014, MAD 243 [pheromone voucher], KA 2059 [=KA-P 2059; DNA extract voucher]; specimen, Anjozorobe, KAP-MAD 1408, KA 1018 [=KA-P 1018; DNA extract number].Published as part of C, Lees David, 2016, Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision, pp. 1-97 in Zootaxa 4118 (1) on pages 79-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26459
Evidence for the decay B0→J/ψω and measurement of the relative branching fractions of meson decays to J/ψη and J/ψη′
No full textFirst evidence of the B 0 → J / ψ ω decay is found and the B s 0 → J / ψ η and B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ decays are studied using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. The branching fractions of these decays are measured relative to that of the B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0 decay:frac(B (B 0 → J / ψ ω), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 0.89 ± 0.19 (stat) - 0.13 + 0.07 (syst),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 14.0 ± 1.2 (stat) - 1.5 + 1.1 (syst) - 1.0 + 1.1 (frac(f d, f s)),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 12.7 ± 1.1 (stat) - 1.3 + 0.5 (syst) - 0.9 + 1.0 (frac(f d, f s)), where the last uncertainty is due to the knowledge of f d / f s, the ratio of b-quark hadronization factors that accounts for the different production rate of B 0 and B s 0 mesons. The ratio of the branching fractions of B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ and B s 0 → J / ψ η decays is measured to befrac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B s 0 → J / ψ η)) = 0.90 ± 0.09 (stat) - 0.02 + 0.06 (syst)
Data supporting: Inspection of RC half-joint bridges in England: Analysis of current practice, Desnerck, Lees, Valerio, Loudon, Morley
No full textData supporting: Inspection of RC half-joint bridges in England: Analysis of current practice, Desnerck, Lees, Valerio, Loudon, Morle
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