27 research outputs found
The Fortunes of Islamist Movements in Egypt and Turkey 1970-1995 : Fortunes of Islamist Movements in Egypt and Turkey 1970-1995
No full textTHE FORTUNES OF ISLAMIST MOVEMENTS IN EGYPT AND TURKEY 1970-1995.
The question asked in the dissertation is why Islamist movements have been stronger in Egypt than in Turkey during the last twenty-five years. The research objective is not only to explain why strong opposition movements have emerged in Egypt, but also why opposition is taking an Islamist form.
Three theoretical propositions, all focusing on changes in structural factors during the 1970-1995 period, are tested across the two cases to investigate the stated difference between them. The method applied is a structured focused comparison, a modified version of the basic research strategies in comparative analysis, in which cases are compared on limited depth, focusing only on a small number of variables.
Findings in the dissertation indicate that the difference in Islamist strength between Egypt and Turkey can be explained by differences in socioeconomic performance, the nature of political institutions and the social mobility of young educated groups. Concerning the question of why opposition is taking an Islamist form, it is argued that Islamist movements can be seen as a struggle for symbolic power (that is the right to define which paradigm should be used for interpreting and solving the problems of the modern world), going on between the young intelligentsia, still rooted in indigenous Muslim tradition, and the ruling 'Westernised' elites
The Turkish armed forces in politics
No full textEntrusted by law with the dual task of protecting the state and guarding its founding principles, the Turkish military has played a decisive role in shaping the political course since the founding of the republic of Turkey in 1923.
However, since the turn of the millennium, and in particular after 2002 when the religious-conservative Justice and Development Party (AKP) came to power, the character of civil–military relations in Turkey changed. Formerly the relationship was characterized by relatively weak civil-political institutions, on the one hand, and a strong military institution on the other. Over the last ten years, however, power relations have clearly changed in favour of the civilian institutions.
This issue of IFS Insight explores various explanations for the changes that have taken place in civil-military relations in Turkey since 2000, including the EU-accession process, changes in national threat perceptions, a period with strong civilian governments, the emergence of new elite groups, and changes both in the opinion of senior military officers and among the public concerning military intervention in politics. Against this background the issue also discusses if the military’s traditional guardianship role in Turkish politics is over
Lars Olof Åhlbergs realismebegrepp i litteratur och konst
No full textRealismebegrepp i litteratur och konst
Turkey after the coup attempt
No full textThis IFS Insight examines the 15 July 2016 coup attempt in Turkey and its implications for relations between the Turkish military, government and society
Egypt etter Hosni Mubarak
No full textHosni Mubarak har styrt Egypt siden 1981. Ikke siden Muhammed ’ Ali hersket i landet på begynnelsen av 1800-tallet har Egypt opplevd et så stabilt styre. Men Mubarak er 76 år, og et presidentskifte vil komme innen få år. Hvem etterfølger Hosni Mubarak som egyptisk president? Og hvilke følger vil et presidentskifte ha for landets innenriks- og utenrikspolitikk?</jats:p
Egypt etter Hosni Mubarak
No full textHosni Mubarak har styrt Egypt siden 1981. Ikke siden Muhammed ’ Ali hersket i landet på begynnelsen av 1800-tallet har Egypt opplevd et så stabilt styre. Men Mubarak er 76 år, og et presidentskifte vil komme innen få år. Hvem etterfølger Hosni Mubarak som egyptisk president? Og hvilke følger vil et presidentskifte ha for landets innenriks- og utenrikspolitikk
Análise categorial da arte em Amie Thomasson
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, Florianópolis, 2010Esta dissertação pretende investigar o que é uma obra de arte, assumindo como principal subsídio metodológico a análise crítica de alguns textos de Amie Thomasson. A ontologia de Roman Ingarden também é exposta, pois constitui uma influência central para o pensamento de Thomasson. Diversas noções utilizadas pela autora, como a aceitação do pluralismo ontológico, a busca da estrutura específica de cada tipo de arte e a admissão de que a arte comporta características espaço-temporais e abstratas, remontam aos escritos do pensador polonês. Esses temas estão embutidos no principal aspecto abordado na dissertação, a saber, o modo como Thomasson investiga a obra de arte através da busca de seu estatuto ontológico, dentro do contexto de um quadro categorial mais amplo. A autora afirma que a questão central da ontologia da arte é: que tipo de entidade é uma obra de arte? Essa questão não é respondida através de uma definição rígida da arte ou de uma lista finita de características que permita classificar qualquer objeto no mundo como arte ou não-arte. Thomasson compromete-se apenas com a pretensão modesta de buscar um espaço categorial bem sucedido para a alocação das obras de arte. Ela problematiza o fato de que a estética e a metafísica tradicionais não proporcionam categorias adequadas para alocar a arte, a ficção e os objetos culturais, pois costumam adotar sistemas dualistas como sujeito-objeto, real-ideal, concreto-abstrato, entre outros, impróprios para pensar as obras de arte, que comportam características híbridas. Como alternativa, Thomasson sugere uma metodologia ontológica formal para a criação de sistemas categoriais e, nesse contexto, de categorias que respeitem a configuração específica das obras de arte. Sua proposta é analisada nessa dissertação como uma solução eficaz para capturar a estrutura ontológica das obras de arte através de uma base analítica formal.This thesis aims to investigate what is a work of art, assuming the critical analysis of some texts of Amie Thomasson as its main methodological subsidy. The ontology of Roman Ingarden is also exposed because it is a central influence to the thought of Thomasson. Several concepts used by the author, as the acceptance of ontological pluralism, the search for the specific structure of each type of art and the admission that art involves spatiotemporal and abstract characteristics, go back to the writings of the Polish thinker. These themes are inserted in the main aspect addressed by this thesis, namely, how Thomasson investigates the work of art through the pursuit of its ontological status within the broader context of a categorical framework. The author argues that the central question of the ontology of art is: what kind of entity is a work of art? This question is not answered by a rigid definition of art or a finite list of characteristics that allow classifying any object in the world as art or not art. Thomasson undertakes only the modest pretense of seeking for a successful categorial space for the allocation of works of art. She discusses the fact that traditional aesthetics and metaphysics do not provide adequate categories to allocate art, fiction and cultural objects, because they tend to adopt dualistic systems, like subject-object, real-ideal, concrete-abstract, among others, that are inadequate to think about works of art, which include hybrid features. Alternatively, Thomasson suggests a formal ontological methodology for creating categorial systems and, in this context, categories that meet the specific configuration of artworks. Her proposal is analyzed in this dissertation as an effective solution to capture the ontological structure of works of art through a formal analytical base
