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Keanekaragaman Kemukus Di Jawa
No full textKemukus (Piper cubeba L.f.) merupakan tanaman obat dan rempah dari suku lada-ladaan (Piperaceae). Karakter diagnosis tanaman ini adalah buah yang bertangkai dan beraroma rempah. Jenis Piper lainnya yang disebut dengan kemukus semu (Piper caninum Blume) juga memiliki karakter buah bertangkai dan sering ditemukan di habitat yang sama dengan kemukus tetapi buahnya tak beraroma. Buah kemukus bernilai tinggi sebagai komoditas ekspor, namun saat ini pembudidayaannya terbatas pada daerah tertentu di Jawa, serta variasinya belum dideskripsikan. Karakterisasi kemukus perlu dilakukan dalam rangka menyeleksi dan mengembangkan kultivar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan variasi kemukus dan kemukus semu di Jawa dan mengelompokkannya berdasarkan karakter yang diamati.
Spesimen kemukus dan kemukus semu dikoleksi dari perkebunan skala kecil dan pekarangan rumah pada enam kabupaten di Jawa Tengah. Karakter morfologi meliputi struktur vegetatif dan generatif, serta karakter anatomi daun yang diamati digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan dan mengelompokkan spesimen. Sebanyak 35 karakter terpilih dianalisis menggunakan koefisien simple matching pada Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Aritmetic Average (UPGMA) untuk mengelompokkan spesimen kemukus dan kemukus semu.
Kemukus dapat dibedakan dari kemukus semu melalui karakter warna pucuk magenta keabu-abuan hingga cokelat kemerahan, daun penumpu cokelat keunguan hingga cokelat keabu-abuan; tekstur daun menjangat; bentuk daun pada cabang lateral menjorong, menjorong melanset dan melonjong; tipe perbungaan menyilinder; braktea kuning, perlekatan duduk, menyirap; indumen gundul; buah bertangkai lebih panjang, bentuk membulat, berperikarp tebal, indumen gundul, rasa pedas dan pahit, beraroma rempah; warna buah saat muda hijau atau cokelat kekuningan, dewasa cokelat atau hijau zaitun, dan saat masak jingga atau jingga kecokelatan; serta tekstur buah kering keriput.
Anatomi daun kemukus berbeda dari kemukus semu berdasarkan stomata siklositik, tidak adanya trikom sederhana pada permukaan abaksial daun, dan sel idioblas dijumpai pada jaringan hipodermis atas dan bawah, serta pada jaringan bunga karang. Sedangkan karakter anatomi daun kemukus semu meliputi stomata tetrasitik dan anisositik, ada trikom sederhana pada permukaan abaksial daun, dan sel idioblas dijumpai pada hipodermis atas dan bawah, tetapi tidak ditemukan pada jaringan bunga karang, serta tidak ada sel idioblas yang sangat besar.
Spesimen kemukus dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yang terpisah dengan kelompok kemukus semu. Kelompok kemukus dapat diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter pangkal daun, tepi daun, tekstur kulit buah, dan warna buah. Kelompok I yang berasal dari Kendal, Magelang, Semarang, dan Purworejo serta Kelompok III yang berasal dari Semarang sama-sama memiliki karakter buah dewasa berwarna hijau zaitun sehingga disebut dengan kemukus hijau, sedangkan Kelompok II berasal dari Purworejo dan memiliki buah dewasa berwarna cokelat atau jingga kecokelatan sehingga disebut kemukus merah. Kemukus hijau dan merah diusulkan sebagai dua kultivar lokal kemukus yang berbeda yakni
Kemukus ‘Hijau’ dan Kemukus ‘Merah’. Kemukus ‘Hijau’ dari Kelompok I diusulkan untuk dikembangkan menjadi kultivar turunan esensial karena memiliki sifat karakter seleksi yang lebih banyak. Karakter seleksi dan sifat karakternya yang dapat membantu pengembangan cultivated variety (kultivar) meliputi tipe cabang lateral (horizontal vs. menggantung), produksi pucuk lateral (banyak pucuk vs. sedikit pucuk), indeks perbungaan (tinggi vs. rendah), tipe perbuahan (rapat vs. jarang), jumlah buah per perbuahan (>30 vs. ≤24), warna buah muda (hijau vs. cokelat kekuningan), dan warna buah dewasa (hijau zaitun vs. cokelat atau jingga kecokelatan).
Kemukus yang dibudidayakan di Jawa memiliki variasi yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi kultivar, namun budi daya kemukus saat ini terus-menerus menurun dan lahan budi daya semakin sempit. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya pelestarian keanekaragaman kemukus
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Identifikasi Jenis-Jenis Tumbuhan Sekitar Mata Air Tiga Rasa Sebagai Upaya Konservasi Air Di Gunung Muria Kudus
Full text linkThe Springs of Tiga Rasa Rejenu is one of the springs located at one of the peaks of the seven peaks in the Muria mountains. The Tiga Rasa Springs are located at the peak of Argo Wiloso Rejenu, Kudus Regency. The diversity of vegetation around the Tiga Rasa Springs has an important role in the sustainability of springs source and discharge. This study aims to determine the composition of plants, vegetation forms, the index of importance value of vegetation components, and the abiotic environment impact around the springs. The method used is explorative descriptive analysis by dividing the area into four research stations based on the direction of the eye. At each research station there are three sample plots. Each station is divided into three sampling points with a size of 20m x 20m for trees, 10m x 10m for poles, and 5m x 5m for saplings and 2m x 2m for seedlings. Abiotic environmental parameters measured are air temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil temperature, soil pH, total dissolved solids, and water salinity. The research results around the Tiga Rasa Rejenu spring are that the H' values at the highest level of see dlings is fern Diplazium esculentum, the H' values at the highest level of saplings is the royal palm tree Roystonea regia, and the H' values at the highest level of poles and trees is Pterocarpus indicus. At all stations obtained average H’ value is 1.96 then the vegetation around the Tiga Rasa spring classified to medium plant diversity and medium community stability. Abiotic factors effect on the environmental conditions around the Tiga Rasa Rejenu springs.
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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