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Die Jugendlichen in der Schweiz: Zusammenfassung des Gesundheitsverhaltens und Schlussfolgerungen
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Wenn Eltern ihre Kinder schlagen - Veränderungen elterlicher Gewaltanwendung und Zusammenhänge mit dem Gewaltverhalten Jugendlicher von 1998 bis 2002 in der Schweiz
No full textDo public expenditures on health and families relate to alcohol abstaining in adolescents? Multilevel study of adolescents in 24 countries.
No full textINTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Several European countries have observed an increase in the proportion of adolescents that abstain from drinking alcohol in the last decade. The reasons for this trend remain underexplored. We hypothesised that more generous government expenditures on health services and benefits to families with children relate to a positive trend in abstainers.
DESIGN AND METHODS: We used data on 15-year-olds in four successive cycles of the World Health Organization Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (2002 to 2014) in 24 North American and European countries (pooled n = 175 331). Generalised linear mixed-effects models were tested to analyse trends in alcohol abstinence and to investigate whether cross-country differences in these trends relate to public expenditures on health and families with children (in proportion to gross domestic product).
RESULTS: Overall, we observed an increase in the proportion of abstainers from 21% in 2002 to 35% in 2014. An exception was Greece where abstaining had decreased from 20% to 15%. Similar results were found in boys and girls. The upward trend in abstinence related to larger government expenditures on health and families.
DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: More generous expenditures on health services and family benefits relate to more adolescents abstaining from alcohol
Family affluence as a protective or risk factor for adolescent drunkenness in different countries and the role drinking motives play
Full text linkAIMS: Previous research has shown mixed results (positive, negative or no effects) regarding socio-economic disparities in adolescent drunkenness. This study investigates whether family affluence is differently associated with frequency of adolescent drunkenness in traditional countries, at a later diffusion of innovation adopter stage according to the Theory of Diffusions of Innovations by Rogers (2003), compared with more progressive countries at a more advanced stage. Furthermore, we investigated as to whether differences in this association can be explained by differences in adolescent drinking motives.METHODS: This study used data from the 2009/2010 survey of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, including 25,566 alcohol-using adolescents aged 11-19 years old from 11 European countries. The Global Innovativeness Index was used to classify countries in progressive or more traditional countries. Multi-level regression analyses and structural equation modelling were conducted.FINDINGS: In traditional countries, family affluence showed a positive association with adolescent frequency of drunkenness. A higher endorsement of social (drinking to celebrate an event) and enhancement motives (drinking to increase moods) by adolescents with a higher family affluence mediated this positive association between family affluence and frequency of drunkenness. In progressive countries, family affluence was negatively associated with frequency of drunkenness. In these countries, a higher endorsement of coping drinking motives by adolescents with a lower family affluence mediated this association.CONCLUSION: A country's diffusion of innovation stage (i.e., traditional vs. progressive) seems to shape the direction of the association between family affluence and adolescent drunkenness including the psychological pathways that explain these socio-economic inequalities. This is most likely due to a quicker and smoother adoption of the new 'low drunkenness norms' ('it is not cool to drink to get drunk') in progressive countries and among adolescents with a higher family affluence.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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