125 research outputs found
Growth development and thinnings in a young aspen stand
No full textBakalaureusetöö jaoks tehti mõõtmisi ja teostati harvendusraie Järvselja Õppe- ja
Katsemetskonnas kvartal nr. 243 asuvas triploidse haaviku (Populus tremula f. gigas)
tarastatud katsealal. Mõõtmistulemuste alusel analüüsiti noore haaviku kasvukäiku ja
harvendamise mõju noore haaviku kasvule. Töös antakse kirjanduse põhjal ülevaade haava
bioloogilistest iseärasustest, majandamisest ning ka haavikute peamistest kahjustajatest.
Bakalaureusetöö peamisteks eesmärkideks oli uurida, kas hariliku haava triploidse vormi
kõrguse ja rinnasdiameetri kasv on kiirem kui diploidsel vormil, uurida harvendamise mõju
haavapuistu kasvule ja pärna-kuuse teise rinde kujunemisele. Lisaks oli eesmärgiks täiendada
pikaajalisi vaatlusandmeid „Haavametsa haaviku“ nime all tuntud triploidse haava puistu
kasvukäigu kohta ning võrrelda triploidse haaviku kasvukäiku teiste Eestis kasvavate
kiirekasvuliste lehtpuuliikidega.
Kirjanduse andmetel harvendusraie mõjub puude kõrgus- ja diameetrikasvule positiivselt –
juurdekasv suureneb. Alles soovitatakse jätta kõik kõvalehtpuud ning mõningal määral ka
teist rinnet, mis soodustab puistu paremat laasumist. Haaviku harvendamist on soovituslik
teha alameetodil, jättes puistu tihedamaks, kuna ulukikahjustuse oht on suur. Sel viisil on
võimalus säilitada ning tulevikus kasvatada terve haava enamusega puistu. Vältimaks ulukite
kahjustusi (peamiselt põdra), on soovitatav puistu tarastada vähemalt 2 m kõrguse aiaga.
Haavikuid kahjustab seenkahjuritest kõige rohkem haavataelik (Phellinus tremulae), mis
tekitab tüvemädanikku. Vanemates puistutes võib haavataeliku viljakehi leida suuremal osal
haabadest, mis tähendab, et haab on tüvemädaniku vastu väga tundlik ning õigeaegne
harvendamine võimaldab suuri kahjustusi vältida. Bakalaureusetöö raames raiutud puudest ei
tuvastatud puiduproovide DNA analüüsil haavataeliku olemasolu.
Töö käigus selgus, et erineva harvendusastmega noore haaviku proovitükkide keskmine
kõrgus erines ainult 0,3 m ja rinnasdiameeter 0,7 cm. Kui varasemalt on täheldatud uuritud
haaviku aeglasemat kõrguse ja rinnasdiameetri kasvu, siis 14. kasvuaasta järel näitas triplodne
haab sarnast kasvukiirust Ia boniteedi kasvukäigutabeliga.For Bachelor’s thesis the measurements and thinning were made at the experimental area of
triploid aspen (Populus tremula f. gigas) stand at Järvselja Õppe- ja Katsemetskond. On the
basis of the measurments author made analysis of growth development and thinning effect on
a young aspen stand growth. In this thesis the author gives a literature overview of aspen
biological peculiarities, management and the main pests.
The main objectives of Bachelor’s thesis were to investigate whether the aspen triploid form
height and diameter at breast height (DBH) growth development is faster than the diploid
form at the 14, and to investigate the thinning effects to the aspen growth and the formation of
a second layer of spruce and lime. In addition, the aim was to complement the long-term
observation data at Järvselja forest district 243, and to compare the growth rate of triploid
aspen with other fast-growing deciduous tree species in Estonia.
Thinnings effect in a young aspen stand is showing positive influence for the growth rate of
the remaining trees. It is recommended not to harvest all the hardwoods and also to retain
spruce-lime second layer that promotes better self-pruning of aspen. It is also recommended
to harvest aspen reasonably, leaving the stand density higher than necessary, because there
exists a high risk of a game damage (especially moose). To avoid game damage, it is
recommended to protect the stand with a 2 meter high fence. The most dangerous fungal
disease to aspen is Phellinus tremulae, which causes stem rot. In the older stands Phellinus
tremuale is able to damage all-most every single tree, which means that aspen is very
sensitive to stem rot causing pathogens and well-timed thinnings are recommended to avoid
major damage. During the last thinning in Haavamets young aspen stand, Phellinus tremulae
was not detected in the harvested trees wood samples according to DNA analyzes.
The study revealed that average tree height of the thinning sample plots 1 and 4 varied only
by 0.3 m and DBH varied only by 0.7 cm. In both thinning plots, growth was uniform and
strong growth abnormalities were not observed. Previous studies in this stand have detected a
slow growth rate of triploid aspen, but at the age of 14, the growth rate has been similar or
faster compared to the best growth and yield tables for Estonian aspen stand
Impact of thinning on aspen stand growth and the formation of lime second layer
No full textMagistritöö
Metsamajanduse erialalMagistritöö jaoks tehti mõõtmisi Järvselja Õppe- ja Katsemetskonnas kvartal nr. 243 asuvas
tarastatud triploidse haaviku (Populus tremula f. gigas) harvendusraie katsealal puistus
vanuses 14–16 aastat. Mõõtmistulemuste alusel analüüsiti harvendamise mõju ülarinde haava
kasvutunnustele ja mulla toitainete sisaldusele ning hinnati pärna teise rinde kasvutunnuseid.
Uuritava haaviku kõrguse ja rinnasdiameetri kasvukäiku võrreldi kirjanduses olevate
haavapuistute kasvukäigutabelitega ning teiste kiirekasvuliste lehtpuuliikidega. Töös antakse
kirjanduse põhjal ülevaade hooldusraietest haavikutes ning sellega seotud probleemidest ning
pärna teise rinde kujundamisest.
Kirjanduse andmetel mõjub harvendusraie puude diameetrikasvule positiivselt – juurdekasv
suureneb. Alles soovitatakse jätta kõvalehtpuud ning pärna teine rinne, mis soodustab puistu
paremat laasumist. Haaviku harvendamist on soovituslik teha alameetodil, jättes puistu
tihedaks, kuna hõredas puistus on põdrakahjustuse oht suur. Vältimaks kahjustusi on
soovitatav puistu tarastada vähemalt 2 m kõrguse aiaga. Pärn puistu koosseisus parandab
mullaviljakust läbi kaltsiumirikka lehevarise.
Töö käigus saadi tulemuseks, et 16-aastaselt kontrollala ja harvendatud ala kõrguse
keskväärtused ei erinenud usaldatavalt, olles vastavalt 10,4 m ja 13,3 m (p=0,103) kõikide
puude korral ning 13,9 m ja 14,9 m (p=0,196) ülapuude (suuremad kui ülemine
rinnasdiameetri kvartiil) korral. Keskmine rinnasdiameeter erines kontrollala ja harvendatud
ala vahel 16-aastaselt, olles vastavalt 5,5 cm ja 9 cm (p<0,020) kõikide puude korral ning 8,6
cm ja 11,7 cm (p<0,001) ülapuude korral. Kontrollala kõrguse:rinnasdiameetri suhe oli
keskmiselt 2,0 ja oli usaldatavalt suurem kui harvendatud ala 1,5 (p<0,001). Puu algsuuruse
(14 aastat) ja rinnasdiameetri juurdekasvu (vanuses 14–16 aastat) vaheline seos oli tugevam
kontrollalal (R2=0,48) ning nõrgem harvendatud alal (R2=0,18). Pärna teise rinde keskmine
kõrgus ja rinnasdiameeter olid 16-aastases haavikus 5,8 m ja 4,1 cm. Teise rinde pärna kõrgus
moodustab haava esimese rinde kõrgusest 43,6%. Varasemalt täheldati uuritud haaviku
aeglasemat kõrguse ja rinnasdiameetri kasvu. 16. kasvuaastal näitas triploidne haab sarnast
kasvukiirust Ia boniteedi kasvukäigutabeliga. Mulla toitainete sisaldus ei erinenud
statistiliselt oluliselt harvendatud ja harvendamata alal.
Töö käigus selgus, et harvendus kiirendab haaviku jämeduskasvu, kuid mitte puude
kõrguskasvu. Pärna teine rinne soodustab haaviku laasumist, mitmekesistab puistu elurikkust
ning parandab mullaviljakust.For Masters’s thesis the measurements were made at the experimental area of 14–16 years
old triploid aspen (Populus tremula f. gigas) stand at Järvselja Õppe- ja Katsemetskond. On
the basis of the measurements author made analysis of growth development and thinning
effect on aspen stand growth characteristics and on soil nutrient content and assessment of
lime second layer growth characteristics. Stand height and diameter growth were compared
to aspen stand growth yield tables and to other fast growing hardwoods. Author gives short
literature overview about aspen stand thinning and problems related to that and about the
formation of lime second lime layer.
On the basis of the literature thinning affects diameter growth positively – it increases. It is
recommended to keep all the hardwoods and to retain lime second layer that promotes better
self-pruning of aspen. It is also recommended to harvest aspen with a low harvest rate, leaving
the stand density higher than necessary, because there exists a high risk of a moose damage.
To avoid moose browsing, it is recommended to protect the stand with a 2 meter high fence.
The study revealed that control and thinned areas height did not differ significantly and was
10.4 m and 13.3 m, respectively (p=0.103). The top trees height (larger than the upper
diameter quartile) was 13.9 m and 14.9 m, respectively (p=0,196). Average diameter in
control and thinned areas differed and diameter was 5.5 cm and 9.0 cm, respectively
(p<0.002) and the top trees diameter was 8.6 cm and 11.7 cm, respectively (p<0.001). The
control area height:diameter ratio was 2.0, which was significantly higher than in thinned area
1.5 (p<0.001). The relationship between the initial tree diameter (14-year-old) and the annual
increment (the period of 14–16 years) of diameter was stronger in the control area (R2=0.48)
and weaker in the thinned area (R2=0.18). Lime second layer height and diameter under the
16 years old aspen stand was 5.8 m and 4.1 cm. Lime second layer average height and
diameter was 5.8 m and 4.1 cm, respectively. Lime height constituted 43.6% of aspen height.
Previous studies in the observed stand have detected a slow growth rate of triploid aspen, but
at the age of 16, the growth rate has been similar or even faster compared to the best growth
and yield tables for Estonian aspen stands. Analyses showed that soil nutrient contents did
not differ between control and thinned plots.
Results showed that thinning accelerates the growth of diameter, especially in young age but
did not affect aspen height growth. The second layer of lime promotes an increase in the
nutrient content of the soil
Climate influence on forest gas exchange
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnakaitse õppekavalKliimategurid mõjutavad paljude oluliste protsesside toimumist metsaökosüsteemides.
Kuigi kliimategurite üldist olulisust ja mõju metsaökosüsteemidele on laialdaselt uuritud
ja on teada, et tegurite mõju metsade gaasivahetusele vajab rohkem uurimist. Töös uuriti
temperatuuri ja fotosünteetiliselt aktiivse kiirguse kliimategureid, kuna need tegurid on
fotosünteesi toimumise jaoks olulised faktorid. Bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks oli uurida,
kas töös kasutatud kliimategurid mõjutavad metsade bioproduktsiooni ja gaasivahetust.
Töös kasutati SMEAR Estonia jaama seireandmeid aastatest 2016–2020 ning uuriti kuute
parameetrit, milleks olid: temperatuur, fotosünteetiliselt aktiivne kiirgus, õhu
süsihappegaasi sisaldus, õhu lämmastikoksiidide sisaldus, õhu osooni sisaldus ja
bioproduktsioon. Andmete analüüsiks kasutati programmeerimiskeelt Python, mille abil
koostati joonised ning teostati statistiline analüüs. Statistilise analüüsi käigus kasutati
lineaarset korrelatsioonikordajat ja regressioonanalüüsi. Lineaarse korrelatsioonikordaja
päevase aegrea tulemustena leiti, et bioproduktsioon on tugevas ja kasvavas seoses
temperatuuri ja fotosünteetiliselt aktiivse kiirgusega ning tugevas ja kahanevas seoses
süsinikdioksiidi sisaldusega, kuna kõikide nende tulemuste korrelatsioonikordaja
väärtused jäid vahemikku |r|>0,7. Samuti leiti ka, et temperatuur on tugevas ja kahanevas
seoses atmosfääri süsinikdioksiidi sisaldusega. Regressioonanalüüsi tulemuste kohaselt
on bioproduktsioonil statistiliselt oluline seos temperatuuri, atmosfääri süsinikdioksiidi ja
fotosünteetiliselt aktiivse kiirgusega, kuna omavaheliste mõjude p-väärtus jääb alla 0.05.
Statistiliselt oluline seos leiti ka PAR: O3 koostoime mõjudel bioproduktsioonile ning
osooni saab pidada kindlaks mõjutajaks bioproduktsiooni ja fotosünteetiliselt aktiivse kiirguse vahelisel suhtel. Teiste uuritud suhete tulemused olid aasta lõikes varieeruvad
ning regressioonanalüüsi tulemuste põhjal ei saa pidada uuritud parameetreid, kas
kindlaks või juhuslikuks mõjutajaks, seega vajavad ülejäänud suhted edaspidiseid
täpsemaid uuringuid.Climatic factors influence a number of important processes in forest ecosystems. Even
though the overall importance of climatic factors and their influence on forest ecosystems
has been studied extensively and is known, the effects of these factors on forest gas
exchange need more research. Climatic factors that were studied were photosynthetically
active radiation and temperature because these factors are important for photosynthesis to
take place. The aim of the bachelor’s thesis was to analyze whether the climatic factors
used in this research affect forests gross primary productivity and gas exchange. The
monitoring data of the SMEAR Estonia station from 2016-2020 was used in the research
and the six parameters that were examined were: temperature, photosynthetically active
radiation, carbon dioxide content of the air, nitrogen oxide content of the air, ozone content
of the air and gross primary productivity. The Python programming language was used
for data analysis and it was also used for creating the figures and (for) performing the
statistical analysis. The two methods for statistical analysis used in the research were the
linear correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results of the linear correlation
coefficients daily time series found that the gross primary productivity has a strong
increasing connection with temperature and photosynthetically active radiation and a
strong decreasing connection with carbon dioxide content, as the correlation coefficient
values for all these results were in the range of |r|>0,7. It was also found that temperature
has a strong decreasing connection with atmospheric carbon dioxide content in the
atmosphere. According to the results of the regression analysis, gross primary productivity
has a statistically significant connection with temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide
and photosynthetically active radiation, as the p-value of the interactions are less than
0.05. A statistically significant connection was also found between the effects of PAR: O3
interactions on bioproduction hence ozone can be considered a certain factor in the relation between bioproduction and photosynthetically active radiation. The results of the other
interactions studied varied from year to year, and based on the results of the regression
analysis, the studied parameters cannot be considered as either certain or random
influencers, so the rest of the interactions require further and more detailed research
Integral Perspective on Happiness
No full textJoonas Uotinen, University of Turku
The author is a PhD student in Economics in the University of Turku. He has a BSc in theoretical physics with a dissertation on ‘The End of the Universe'’, and is a Master in Specialized Economic Analysis from Barcelona Graduate School of Economics with a specialization in economic development. His recent interests are the aim of it all, namely, well-being and happiness, both societally and individually, and the validity of economic theory. The author has given talks and presentations on related issues. Initial postgraduate publications are forthcoming.A happiness science has emerged amidst, and spans, the social sciences. This research, despite the long philosophical tradition on happiness, is in its infancy and a robust theory of happiness is called for. I will review parts of the literature and some of the main happiness theories using Ken Wilber’s Integral approach. I will concentrate largely on Aristotle’s eudaimonia, as that has re-emerged into the centre of happiness discussions as a possible contender for the prevailing subjective happiness theories. The Integral approach seems to provide valuable insights into many happiness theories, juxtapose them in a comprehensible way, pinpoint deficiencies, and propose enhancements. Amongst other things, I will propose a new happiness theory combining John Kekes’ happiness theory with ecological ethics and I will conclude that enlightenment proves to be a good candidate for the ultimate good, or summum bonum, I will enlarge on Aristotle’s theory and propose that Wilber’s theory provides an ‘Integral road map towards eudaimonia enhanced – the enlightenment’. I will argue that eudaimonia and enlightenment, though superficially dissimilar, accord in surprising ways, to a great extent. I will discuss whether the discussion of happiness and morality is critically biased, and I will discuss the societal implications that Wilber’s conception of the human might have through its implications for happiness theories
3D-mallintamisen ja määrälaskennan hyödyntäminen moduulirakentamisen sähkösuunnittelussa
No full textOulun ammattikorkeakoulu
Sähkö- ja automaatiotekniikan tutkinto-ohjelma, sähkövoimatekniikka
Tekijä: Joonas Kiuru
Opinnäytetyön nimi: 3D-mallintamisen ja määrälaskennan hyödyntäminen moduulira-kentamisen sähkösuunnittelussa
Työn ohjaaja: Heikki Kurki
Työn valmistumislukukausi ja -vuosi: 5/2018
Sivumäärä: 36
Moduulirakentaminen on kasvattanut suosiotaan yhtenä rakentamistapana Suomessa. Tämä rakentamistapa muuttaa rakennustuotantotekniikkaa niin oleellisesti, että se täytyy ottaa huomioon myös taloteknisten järjestelmien suunnittelussa mahdollisimman tarkasti.
Tässä opinnäytetyössä selvitettiin määrälaskennan ja 3D-mallintamisen konkreettisia hyötyjä moduulirakentamisen sähkösuunnittelussa. 3D-mallintaminen ja määrälaskenta lisäävät suunnittelutyössä kustannuksia sekä merkittävästi työn määrää, joten eri tahojen on tarpeellista ymmärtää näiden asioiden konkreettinen merkitys kokonaisuuden kannalta.
Opinnäytetyön tulokset perustuvat ennen suunnittelutyötä sekä suunnittelutyön aikana ja jälkeen tehtyihin havaintoihin, keskusteluihin ja konkreettisiin kokemuksiin. Työssä käytettiin työvälineinä CADS Electric Pro 17 -suunnitteluohjelmistoa, Tekla BIMsight -3D-mallien katseluohjelmisto, sekä Microsoft Office 2016 -paketin ohjelmisto-ja.
Havaintojen perusteella todettiin, että 3D-mallintaminen vaikuttaa positiivisesti suunniteltujen asioiden sekä suunnitelmien ymmärrettävyyteen sekä tulkintavirheiden mahdollisuus suunnitelmia tarkasteltaessa pienenee. Määrälaskennan toteutuksesta saatujen havaintojen perusteella todettiin, että määrälaskenta helpottaa sekä nopeuttaa tarvikkeiden hankkimista ja pienentää suunnittelun jälkeistä työmäärää.
Asiasanat: 3D-mallinnus, IFC, määrälaskenta, tuotemalliOulu University of Applied Sciences
Electrical and Automation Technology Degree program, electric power engineering
Author: Joonas Kiuru
Title of thesis: Utilizing 3D Modeling and Quantity Calculation in Electrical Planning of Modular Building
Supervisor: Heikki Kurki
Term and year when the thesis was submitted: May 2018
Pages: 36
Modular construction has more common as one of the building methods in Finland. Modular construction transforms the methods of building so substantially that it must be taken into account in the planning process as accurately as possible.
This thesis studies the concrete benefits of 3D modeling in quantity calculation of in-stallation materials and in the electrical planning of modular building. 3D modeling and quantity calculation will increase slightly the cost of the planning work and significant-ly the amount of planning work. It is necessary for the different parties to understand the concrete significance of these things when thinking about the whole process.
The results of this study are based on the discussions and the concrete experiences of the different planning parties and the findings before, after and at the end of the plan-ning work. Tools used were Cads Electric Pro 17 planning software, Tekla BIMsight -3D model viewing software, and Microsoft Office 2016 software packages.
Based on the findings of this thesis work, 3D modeling has a positive impact on the comprehensiveness of the planned issues and plans. It also decreases the possibility of interpretation errors when considering the plans. It was also found that quantity cal-culation facilitates and accelerates the acquisition of supplies and reduces the work-load after the planning.
Keywords: Three-dimensional imaging, Quantity calculation, IFC, product model
Luentoja suomalaisesta mytologiasta
No full text"Matthias Alexander Castrén’s (1813–1852) Luentoja suomalaisesta mytologiasta (’Lectures on Finnish Mythology’, originally Swedish ’Föreläsningar i finsk mytologi’) is a key work in the research history of Finnish mythology. This is the first Finnish translation of it. Despite ’Lectures’ in the label, the work is a coherent book. It makes a systematic approach to ancient Finnish religion on the basis of earlier mythographers, Castrén’s fieldwork among Finnic peoples and the latest European research trends of the first half of the 19th century. Even though Castrén’s Lectures significantly developed Finnish mythography and it served as a standard work for half a century, its significance was largely forgotten when new research paradigms were introduced in the course of the 20th century. The work is an important part of the history of Finnish research in religions, linguistics and ethnography and it also reflects the state of the study of mythology in Europe in the middle of the 19th century. The book is lively written and therefore, it meets the taste of the general public in addition to researchers. This edition includes a concise introduction to Lectures’ historical context, a scientific commentary and exhaustive indexes.
M. A. Castrén is renown especially as a linguist and explorer who worked among Siberian peoples but his work was marked also by interest in Finnishness at a time when the idea of a Finnish nation was developing. Lectures was Castrén’s last work. He finished the book in his deathbed, and it was published posthumously in 1853.
The translator and editor of the Lectures, Joonas Ahola, PhD, is an expert in Old Norse language and mythology as well as kalevala-meter poetry. The other author of the introduction, Karina Lukin, PhD, is an expert of North Siberian cultures and 19th century expeditions among them.
Luentoja suomalaisesta mytologiasta
No full text"Matthias Alexander Castrén’s (1813–1852) Luentoja suomalaisesta mytologiasta (’Lectures on Finnish Mythology’, originally Swedish ’Föreläsningar i finsk mytologi’) is a key work in the research history of Finnish mythology. This is the first Finnish translation of it. Despite ’Lectures’ in the label, the work is a coherent book. It makes a systematic approach to ancient Finnish religion on the basis of earlier mythographers, Castrén’s fieldwork among Finnic peoples and the latest European research trends of the first half of the 19th century. Even though Castrén’s Lectures significantly developed Finnish mythography and it served as a standard work for half a century, its significance was largely forgotten when new research paradigms were introduced in the course of the 20th century. The work is an important part of the history of Finnish research in religions, linguistics and ethnography and it also reflects the state of the study of mythology in Europe in the middle of the 19th century. The book is lively written and therefore, it meets the taste of the general public in addition to researchers. This edition includes a concise introduction to Lectures’ historical context, a scientific commentary and exhaustive indexes.
M. A. Castrén is renown especially as a linguist and explorer who worked among Siberian peoples but his work was marked also by interest in Finnishness at a time when the idea of a Finnish nation was developing. Lectures was Castrén’s last work. He finished the book in his deathbed, and it was published posthumously in 1853.
The translator and editor of the Lectures, Joonas Ahola, PhD, is an expert in Old Norse language and mythology as well as kalevala-meter poetry. The other author of the introduction, Karina Lukin, PhD, is an expert of North Siberian cultures and 19th century expeditions among them.
Ensuring the Company's Readiness to Implement an ERP System on the Example of KYOCERA SENCO Estonia OÜ
No full textEttevõtet KYOCERA SENCO Estonia OÜd ootab emaettevõtte algatusel ees uue ERP süsteemi
SAP HANA juurutamine. Uue majandustarkvara juurutamine eeldab aga protsessipõhist juhtimist,
mida senini pole ettevõttes rakendatud. ERP süsteem on üles ehitatud seoste najal ning selle
rakendamine eeldab protsessi teostamist loogilises järjekorras. Sellest tulenevalt oli käesoleva
lõputöö eesmärgiks uurida, mida oleks vaja enne uuele ERP süsteemile üleminekut ära teha, et
ettevõte oleks uue äritarkvara SAP HANA juurutamiseks valmis ning üleminek sujuks
ootuspäraselt.
Selleks, et hetke protsessidest ülevaadet saada, kaardistas autor ettevõtte KYOCERA SENCO
Estonia OÜ äriprotsessid, mida polnud senini organisatsioonis tehtud. Äriprotsesside
kaardistamiseks kasutas autor voodiagrammi. Protsesside analüüsimise käigus selgus, et suuremad
probleemkohad tekivad laoprotsessides ning ajalise piirangu tõttu piiritleski autor lõputöö
laoprotsesside analüüsile. Autor uuris ning kirjeldas hetkel laos toimuvaid laoprotsesse ning tõi
välja parendusettepanekuid, millega võiks SAPi juurutamisel arvestada.
Laoprotsessid, mida autor uuris, olid järgmised:
kauba komplekteerimine,
kauba lähetamine,
kauba kontrollimine,
kauba paigutamine laos;
kauba sisestamine.
Kauba komplekteerimise kiirendamiseks ja parendamiseks pakkus autor välja võtta kasutusele
laoaadresside süsteem ning siduda see uue ERP süsteemiga. Laoaadresside kasutamine aitab tõsta
lao efektiivsust ja tõhusust. Lisaks soovitas autor kasutada komplekteerimisel paberkandjal
tellimuslehe asemel elektroonilist tellimus- ja komplekteerimislehte, nt tahvelarvuti näol, mis oleks
samuti seotud uue ERP süsteemiga.
Kuna hetkel kiletatakse laos aluseid käsitsi, tuleks autori hinnangul võtta kasutusele
poolautomaatne kiletusseade. Kiletusseadme abil on võimalik kiirendada kiletusprotsessi ning
tagada kauba püsivus alusel.
Komplekteerimisel tehtud vigade arvu vähendamiseks soovitas autor võtta kasutusele
vöötkoodilugeja.
Kauba lähetamise protsessi parendamiseks tuleks autori hinnangul luua komplekteeritud kauba
hoiustamiseks eraldi hoiuala, mitte hoiustada neid lao vahekäikudes. Vabanenud vahekäikude vahel
on võimalik kiiremini opereerida ning väheneb tööõnnetuste oht.
Kauba laosissetuleku ning kontrollimise protsessis tuleks autori arvates kasutada triipkoode ning
skannersüsteemi. See võimaldaks sissetulevat kaupa kontrollida paberivabalt ning teha vastavad
laosissetulekud reaalajas. Ka kauba laost väljalähetamisel oleks vöötkoodilugejast abi. Võimaldaks
kauba laoprogrammist välja lähetada samuti automaatselt ja reaalajas.
Kauba paigutamise protsessi parendamiseks pakkus autor välja samuti laoaadresside kasutamise
ning kauba hoiustamist laos ABC hoiustamise alusel. ABC hoiustamise käigus paigutatakse kaup
laos vastavalt kauba liikuvusele ja väljastusala kaugusele. Lisaks on võimalik seda siduda ERP
süsteemiga.
Autor koostas protsesside parenduste elluviimiseks tegevusplaani, mille abil on võimalik muudetud
protsesse ellu viia ning neid pideva muutumise käigus parendada.
Käesoleva lõputöö tulemused ning parendusettepanekud aitavad lihtsustada ettevõttes SAP HANA
juurutamist. Lisaks on võimalus eksportida tulemusi teistele Euroopas tegutsevatele
partnerettevõtetele ning kasutada saadud tulemusi tulevikus ka ettevõtte laienemisel.KYOCERA SENCO Estonia OÜ is planning to implement a new SAP HANA ERP system. The
new enterprise software requires that the company will implement process-based management,
which the company has not used before. The ERP system is based on integrations and the
implementation requires that the processes need to be carried out in a logical order. Due to the
requirement, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the required steps that need to be done, before
the new SAP HANA software could be implemented and that the implementation would go as
expected.
To get and overview of the current processes, the author of this thesis mapped out the business
processes of KYOCERA SENCO Estonia OÜ, this was a first for the company. The business
processes where mapped using flow charts. During the analysis it became clear that the biggest
obstacles will be with warehouse processes and due to time constraints, the author decided to make
those processes the focus of the thesis. The author investigated and described the current warehouse
processes and highlighted suggestions for improvements, which should be taken into consideration
during the SAP implementation.
Warehouse processes which were investigated:
assembly of goods,
dispatch of goods,
inspection of goods,
placing goods in the warehouse,
entry of goods.
To speed up and improve the assembly of goods the author suggested implementing a warehouse
address system and tie it with the ERP system. Using warehouse addresses helps increase the
efficiency and effectiveness of the warehouse. Additionally, the author suggested moving from a
paper-based order form to an electronic order form, for example using a tablet computer which is
tied to the ERP system.
Currently all pallets in the warehouse are wrapped manually and due to this the author suggests
implementing a half-automated wrapping machine. The wrapping machine will speed up the
wrapping process and will help the goods stay on the pallet.
To decrease errors made when assembling goods, the author suggested to implement a barcode
scanner.
For improvements in dispatching of goods, the author suggested to implement a separate area where
assembled goods would be stored for dispatch, so they would not be stored in different warehouse
aisles. When the aisles are kept clear, it is easier to maneuver in the warehouse and it decreases the
chance of workplace accidents.
In the process of inspecting goods, the author suggests the implementation of barcodes and a
scanning system. This would allow the goods to be inspected without using any paper-based forms
and would make the process faster. The same applies to the dispatch of goods, which would also be
faster. The goods could be dispatched from the warehouse software automatically and in real-time.
To improve the process of placing goods, the author suggested to also use a warehouse address
system and implement the ABC placement principle. Using the ABC principle, the goods are placed
in different sections based on how often the goods need to be moved and how far is the dispatch
area. The principle can also be tied to the ERP system.
The author drafted an action plan for all the suggested improvements, which can be used to
implement the suggested changes and improve the changes over time.
The results of this thesis and suggestions for improvements can be used during the implementation
of SAP HANA. In addition, these results can be exported to other partner companies in Europe and
can be used when the company expands
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