1,721,113 research outputs found
Fighting Spirit. Kampfgruppe Chill and the German recovery in the West between 4 September and 9 November 1944, a case study
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98661.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 01 oktober 2012Promotores : Aerts, R.A.M., Klinkert, W.400 p
Bologna Meets the Battlefield – Using Historical Battlefields in Modern Academic Military Education
No full textTraditionally Staff or War Colleges used battlefields from the past as training tools for officers. Analysing and discussing historical military confrontations on the location that these confrontations had taken place, is thought to increase the understanding of officers about the realities of war and improve their decision making in the future. In many ways, it is a very practice-orientated method of education military professionals. Its aim is not to turn the officers into academic military historians. A more reflective or academic approach to educational visits to battlefields seemed, from the military standpoint, unnecessary. But because in recent years, military education has reached the level of its civilian academic counterpart more and more, the battlefield tour has to adjust to that level as well. That is why we need more thorough academic reflection on this didactical tool. This process started about two decades ago, but needs to be developed further. Not only because of the creation of military educational curricula that follow civilian academic standards, but also to find affiliation with cultural historians and historians of memory, lieu de mémoire and tourism, who increase our understanding of the battlefields of the past. This chapter examines the Dutch effort to create a battlefield tour that both meets academic standards on bachelor level as well as gives cadets professional insights into the ‘realities of war’, which are relevant for their future work as subaltern officers. Based on the philosophy of the ‘thinking soldier’, but also rooted into the history of military education, this academic version of the battlefield tour should help officers in training developing critical thought and skills for academic analysis
Blood-borne soluble protein antigen intensifies T cell activation in autoimmune CNS lesions and exacerbates clinical disease
No full textWe explored the effect of i.v. soluble antigen on autoaggressive, myelin basic protein-specific effector T cells within their target organ during acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Intravital two-photon imaging revealed that i.v. autoantigen reached the CNS and was taken up and processed by antigen-presenting cells within 30 min after injection. The exogenous autoantigen dramatically changed the motility and function of autoreactive effector T cells within the EAE lesions: T cells that had been cruising through the tissue slowed down and became tethered to local antigen-presenting cells within 1 h. One hour later, the effector T cells massively produced proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulated membranous activation markers. This strong activation of the T cells boosted CNS inflammation and aggravated clinical disease. Postactivated effector and resting memory T cells specific for a non-CNS antigen (ovalbumin) were recruited to EAE lesions and moved there without contacting antigen-presenting cells. These cells were similarly arrested and activated after i.v. infusion of ovalbumin, and they also exacerbated clinical disease. Our data are relevant for autoantigen-based therapies of autoimmune disorders. Further, the study indicates how brain unrelated antigens (microbial components) leaking into the chronically inflamed CNS through the bloodstream might trigger relapses in multiple sclerosis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Soluble TNF-Alpha Receptor (P55)-Igg Inhibits Proliferation Of Human T-Cell Lines In Vitro. Implication For Multiple Sclerosis Therapy
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