115 research outputs found
Alphabetic Scribes in Hellenistic Uruk
No full textProfessional titles are scarcely used in socurces from Hellenistic Uruk as a means of identification. The fact that individuals bearing the title of alphabetic scribes feature so prominently in the corpus must therefore bear a special significance. In light of recent publications of new documents offering fresh evidence on the alphabetic scribes of the Hellenistic period, the author offers an updated survey of the topic, whose aim is to focus on the professional network and the economic and social dimension where the alphabetic scribes acted. After introducing the topic and examining the chronological distribution of the sources, the article surveys the different spellings of the term sēpiru; it then looks into the spatial dimension of the alphabetic scribes, examinining their roles in the contracts, the kind of properties they dealt with, the network of professionals with whom they interacted and the profile of women into whose families they married. It finally takes into consideration the careers of the alphabetic scribes, with an eye to the exceptional continuity of this professions, as well as to its collegiality. A propsopography of the sēpirus of Hellenistic Uruk concludes the paper
Boundary Algebra: A Simple Notation for Boolean Algebra and the Truth Functors
No full textBoundary algebra [BA] is a simpler notation for Spencer-Brown’s (1969) primary algebra [pa], the Boolean algebra 2, and the truth functors. The primary arithmetic [PA] consists of the atoms ‘()’ and the blank page, concatenation, and enclosure between ‘(‘ and ‘)’, denoting the primitive notion of distinction. Inserting letters denoting the presence or absence of () into a PA formula yields a BA formula. The BA axioms are "()()=()" (A1), and "(()) [=?] may be written or erased at will” (A2). Repeated application of these axioms to a PA formula yields a member of B= {(),?} called its simplification. (a) has two intended interpretations: (a) ? a? (Boolean algebra 2), and (a) ? ~a (sentential logic). BA is self-dual: () ? 1 [dually 0] so that B is the carrier for 2, ab ? a?b [a?b], and (a)b [(a(b))] ? a=b, so that ?=() [()=?] follows trivially and B is a poset. The BA basis abc= bca (Dilworth 1938), a(ab)= a(b), and a()=() (Bricken 2002) facilitates clausal reasoning and proof by calculation. BA also simplifies normal forms and Quine’s (1982) truth value analysis. () ? true [false] yields boundary logic.G. Spencer Brown; boundary algebra; boundary logic; primary algebra; primary arithmetic; Boolean algebra; calculation proof; C.S. Peirce; existential graphs.
Political Corruption Cripples Mauritania's Societal and Economic Development
No full textAbstract: This paper considers the ongoing burden corruption creates in the nation of Mauritania. Since gaining independence from France in 1960, the country has experienced more than ten attempted or realized military coup d’ etats. This instability created an atmosphere in which massive corruption took root and prospered within every sector of society. After more than sixty years as an independent nation, and despite enormous pressure from international governments, donors, and NGO’s, corruption does not appear to be lessening, as annual “perception of corruption” indices continue to reveal. The cost of such activities is staggering. Despite the country’s vast economic potential based on a bounty of natural resources including extensive iron ore deposits, generous natural gas reserves, large scale fishing rights and more, Mauritania remains among the world’s least advanced developing countries, ranking on the low end of human development indices. While poor governance can be blamed for a portion of this failure, the primary culprit is greed. Corruption and classism keep the upper classes wealthy and powerful, while all others remain poverty stricken, illiterate, and in poor health.
Keywords: corruption, bribery, patronage, judiciary, gifts, favoritism, Mauritania.
Title: Political Corruption Cripples Mauritania’s Societal and Economic Development
Author: Shaul M. Gabbay
International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research
ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)
Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022
Page No: 205-209
Research Publish Journals
Website: www.researchpublish.com
Published Date: 20-May-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6566205
Paper Download Link:
https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/political-corruption-cripples-mauritanias-societal-and-economic-developmentInternational Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research
ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)
Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022
Page No: 205-209
Research Publish Journals
Website: www.researchpublish.co
Ignorance and Semantic Tableaux: Aliseda on Abduction
No full textThis is an examination of similarities and differences between two recent models of abductive reasoning. The one is developed in Atocha Aliseda’s Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into the Processes of Discovery and Evaluation (2006). The other is advanced by Dov Gabbay and the present author in their The Reach of Abduction: Insight and Trial (2005). A principal difference between the two approaches is that in the Gabbay-Woods model, but not in the Aliseda model, abductive inference is ignorance-preserving. A further differ-ence is that Aliseda reconstructs the abduction relation in a semantic tableaux environment, whereas the Woods-Gabbay model, while less systematic, is more general. Of particular note is the connection between abduction and legal reasoning
CIDADANIA E LOUCURA: UM PARADOXO?
No full textSeria o louco capaz de entender, discriminar, escolher? Seria capaz de participar da vida social? Teria condições de exercer uma cidadania plena? Há congruência em articular os termos cidadania e loucura? Estas questões, delineadas sucintamente neste artigo, fazem parte da problemática mais ampla de que trato na pesquisa sobre o sujeito na loucura. Palavras-chave: Reforma psiquiátrica, cidadania, loucura, psicanáliseWould a mad person be able to understand, to discriminate and to exercize choice? Would she be able to participate in the social life or to exercise sheer citizenship? Is there any congruence at all in the attempt to articulate citizenship and madness? These are the questions the Author deals with brings in this article. They belong to the broader turf of madness which the Author has dealt with in her research. Keywords: psychiatric reform, citizenship, madness, psychoanalysi
The ‘Galilean Style in Science’ and the Inconsistency of Linguistic Theorising
No full textChomsky’s principle of epistemological tolerance says that in theoretical linguistics contradictions between the data and the hypotheses may be temporarily tolerated in order to protect the explanatory power of the theory. The paper raises the following problem: What kinds of contradictions may be tolerated between the data and the hypotheses in theoretical linguistics? First a model of paraconsistent logic is introduced which differentiates between week and strong contradiction. As a second step, a case study is carried out which exemplifies that the principle of epistemological tolerance may be interpreted as the tolerance of week contradiction. The third step of the argumentation focuses on another case study which exemplifies that the principle of epistemological tolerance must not be interpreted as the tolerance of strong contradiction. The reason for the latter insight is the unreliability and the uncertainty of introspective data. From this finding the author draws the conclusion that it is the integration of different data types that may lead to the improvement of current theoretical linguistics and that the integration of different data types requires a novel methodology which, for the time being, is not available
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