7 research outputs found
Prescription Pattern and Cost Analysis of Nutraceuticals among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a disorder related to the relative lack of insulin secretion leading to abnormal metabolism. In addition to insulin, various micronutrients takes part in the metabolic processes. The imbalance between these vital micronutrients might be one reason for the progression of chronic diseases. There is a need to understand the utilisation pattern of these nutraceuticals in treating chronic conditions like DM.
Aim: To study the prescribing patterns of various types of nutraceuticals and the cost of nutraceuticals per prescription in T2DM patients.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Dakshin Karnataka, India, from September 2021 to April 2022. Total 150 T2DM patients, who were prescribed atleast one nutraceutical, were included in the study. Collected data was assessed by descriptive analysis (quantitative data; age, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), number of drug prescribed, number of prescriptions, cost of nutraceuticals) whereas qualitative data (gender, social classes, qualification, occupation, domiciliary status, marital status, duration of diseases, family history, social history, personal history) was documented using frequency/ percentage.
Results: Out of total 150 subjects, 92 (61.33%) were males, and 58 (38.67%) were females. At the same time, the mean age of the patients was found to be 58.1 years. Among all the prescribed nutraceuticals, vitamins were found to be the most frequently prescribed 97 (64.66%), followed by proteins 45 (30%) and vitamins+minerals 42 (28%). The average number of nutraceuticals per prescription was 1.57±0.76. The average cost of nutraceuticals was 440.55 (Indian rupee) INR per prescription.
Conclusion: The most commonly prescribed nutraceuticals were vitamins in 97 (64.66%) patients. The average additional cost for the nutraceuticals was found to be 440.55 INR
Effect of healthcare expenditure on the health related quality of life among diabetic patients of South India: A cross- sectional study
No full textBackground: Diabetes mellitus imposes a huge economic burden along with impairing health related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of healthcare expenditure on HRQoL among diabetic patients. Methods: A Cross -Sectional study was carried out among 328 Type 2 diabetics in Southern India. HRQoL was assessed using EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and data regarding expenditure were gathered using a validated questionnaire. Poisson regression and Multivariate regression analysis were performed to predict the factors associated with healthcare expenditure and quality of life respectively. Results: The annual expenditure in management of diabetes was INR 10969.6 (USD 132.83) with direct medical cost INR 8727 (USD 105.67) forming the bulk. 11.6% of participants spent over 30% of their annual income in diabetes care. Older age group, being obese, lower socioeconomic status, longer duration of diabetes, presence of complication, episodes of hospitalization were associated with higher healthcare expenditure. Mean quality of life score was 0.84 ± 0.13 and mean visual analog score was 73.15 ± 11.21. Participants with EQ-5D-5L index of range (0.0–0.3) had an expenditure of INR 31703.56. On linear regression analysis, proportion of total income spent for diabetes care was associated with poor quality of life (β = −0.163, 95% CI = −0.239 to −0.086, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Cost of diabetes care was inordinately high and an increased spending particularly among the socioeconomically disadvantaged group, resulting in poorer QoL. Policymakers need to focus on strengthening primary healthcare facilities for Non-Communicable diseases and implementing cost containment policy for reducing the financial burden
Perception of Availability, Accessibility, and Affordability of COVID-19 Vaccines and Hesitancy: A Cross-Sectional Study in India
No full textBackground: The current study aimed to identify the perceptions and issues regarding the affordability, availability, and accessibility of COVID-19 vaccination and determine the extent of vaccine hesitancy among non-vaccinated individuals. Methods: A Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 575 individuals for a period of six months. All the relevant information was collected using the peer-validated survey questionnaire. An independent t-test was applied to check the association between variables. Results: Among 575 participants, 80.8% were vaccinated, and 19.2% were non-vaccinated. Among the vaccinated, 35.1% were vaccinated in private centres and 64.9% in public health centres (PHC). In total, 32% had accessibility issues and 24.5% had availability issues. However, responders vaccinated at PHC were having more issues in comparison to other groups which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among the 163 privately vaccinated participants, 69.9% found it completely affordable. Another 26.9% and 3.1% found vaccines partly affordable and a little unaffordable. Among the 110 non-vaccinated, 38.1% were found to be vaccine-hesitant. Conclusions: Individuals vaccinated at PHC experienced issues such as long waiting times, unavailability of doses, and registration. Further, a significant level of hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines was observed. The safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines contributed to negative attitudes
The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics' resources: focus on curated databases
Get PDFThe SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (www.isb-sib.ch) provides world-class bioinformatics databases, software tools, services and training to the international life science community in academia and industry. These solutions allow life scientists to turn the exponentially growing amount of data into knowledge. Here, we provide an overview of SIB's resources and competence areas, with a strong focus on curated databases and SIB's most popular and widely used resources. In particular, SIB's Bioinformatics resource portal ExPASy features over 150 resources, including UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ENZYME, PROSITE, neXtProt, STRING, UniCarbKB, SugarBindDB, SwissRegulon, EPD, arrayMap, Bgee, SWISS-MODEL Repository, OMA, OrthoDB and other databases, which are briefly described in this article
Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textChronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly.
© 2025. The Author(s)
Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050
Get PDFBackground The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval UI] 8.7-8.8) or 40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that 13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. 1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. 2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only 1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018
Get PDFAnemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations
