22 research outputs found
Exploring Road Safety Deficiencies in Malaysia
No full textThe escalating number of road traffic crashes in Malaysia poses a critical concern. The underreporting of these crashes has been identified as a significant problem that obstructs the effectiveness and efficiency of road safety work. Accordingly, a data-linkage study comparing hospital and police databases in a representative region of Malaysia was carried out. It showed a severe underreporting of road traffic crashes by the police, with a reporting rate of 4.7%. Although fatality records were found to be reliable for use as a basis for road safety actions, the reliability and accuracy of severe and slight injury data were questionable. Thus, the need for complementary data is highly imperative. Hence, a state-of-the-art mapping of a collection of self-reported crash data was made in the form of a systematic review of relevant literature. The findings of this review were used as a basis for designing a case study in Malaysia. The study involved the distribution of online-based anonymous questionnaires to respondents using a mixed recruitment approach. Overall, the survey revealed several important findings: (1) men were more likely to be involved in traffic crashes; (2) women demonstrated a higher propensity to not report their involvement in traffic crashes to an official database; (3) most single-vehicle crashes and slight injury crashes were not reported; and (4) motorcyclists were more involved in injury crashes that were severely underreported. To explore motorcyclists’ safety-related behaviour, an observational study at a T-junction in an urban area was conducted to assess the association between motorcyclists’ behaviour and the probability of conflict occurrence using the generalised linear model with a binomial response and link logit. The Swedish Traffic Conflicts Technique (TCT) and T-Analyst software were employed to identify, classify and analyse the conflictive interactions. The obtained results revealed that the development of traffic conflicts was statistically significantly attributed to eight behavioural variables, with the entering angle of motorcyclists as the most significant variable. The significant findings of this thesis about the level of underreporting, factors behind not reporting traffic crashes and significant behavioural variables as contributory factors to crash occurrence are expected to give insight into underlying factors of traffic crashes and to assist in the development of road safety countermeasures and effective road safety strategies to significantly reduce the number of road traffic crashes in Malaysia
Evaluation of stone mastic asphalt using palm oil fuel ash as filler material
No full textThis paper presents a study of laboratory evaluation on the performance of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) using Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as filler material. POFA produced by burning palm fibre and shell which is generally used as boiler fuel to produce steam for electricity generation in the mill. POFA is one of the materials identified to have a potential of becoming an alternative filler material in SMA mixes. In this project, a small portion of POFA (passing 75µm) was used to modify asphalt mixtures. POFA was incorporated into asphalt mixes by using dry process method which refers to technologies that mix POFA with the aggregate prior to mixing it with asphalt binder. The aggregate gradations use in this study is gap graded (stone mastic asphalt with 14mm nominal maximum aggregate size-SMA14). The percentage of POFA added was varied from 0 to 7 % (2% hydrated lime) by weight of the total aggregate which is 0 to 100% by weight of the filler content. Samples was prepared and compacted using Marshall Method. Several performance indicators of mixes was evaluated using laboratory work were moisture induced damage/stripping resistant and Marshall volumetric properties. The performance results of modified asphalt mixes were compared to conventional asphalt mixes (unmodified samples). Based on the results, the performance of HMA mixes such as stability, flow and stiffness was significantly affected with the addition of POFA. The results suggest that 50% POFA by weight of filler content is the optimum value
Exploring Road Safety Deficiencies in Malaysia
No full textThe escalating number of road traffic crashes in Malaysia poses a critical concern. The underreporting of these crashes has been identified as a significant problem that obstructs the effectiveness and efficiency of road safety work. Accordingly, a data-linkage study comparing hospital and police databases in a representative region of Malaysia was carried out. It showed a severe underreporting of road traffic crashes by the police, with a reporting rate of 4.7%. Although fatality records were found to be reliable for use as a basis for road safety actions, the reliability and accuracy of severe and slight injury data were questionable. Thus, the need for complementary data is highly imperative. Hence, a state-of-the-art mapping of a collection of self-reported crash data was made in the form of a systematic review of relevant literature. The findings of this review were used as a basis for designing a case study in Malaysia. The study involved the distribution of online-based anonymous questionnaires to respondents using a mixed recruitment approach. Overall, the survey revealed several important findings: (1) men were more likely to be involved in traffic crashes; (2) women demonstrated a higher propensity to not report their involvement in traffic crashes to an official database; (3) most single-vehicle crashes and slight injury crashes were not reported; and (4) motorcyclists were more involved in injury crashes that were severely underreported. To explore motorcyclists’ safety-related behaviour, an observational study at a T-junction in an urban area was conducted to assess the association between motorcyclists’ behaviour and the probability of conflict occurrence using the generalised linear model with a binomial response and link logit. The Swedish Traffic Conflicts Technique (TCT) and T-Analyst software were employed to identify, classify and analyse the conflictive interactions. The obtained results revealed that the development of traffic conflicts was statistically significantly attributed to eight behavioural variables, with the entering angle of motorcyclists as the most significant variable. The significant findings of this thesis about the level of underreporting, factors behind not reporting traffic crashes and significant behavioural variables as contributory factors to crash occurrence are expected to give insight into underlying factors of traffic crashes and to assist in the development of road safety countermeasures and effective road safety strategies to significantly reduce the number of road traffic crashes in Malaysia
The Construction of a Gravity Retaining Wall to Prevent Landslides on the Grogol Kediri Highway
No full textOne proof of Kediri\u27s progress is the construction of Doho Kediri International Airport which is expected to improve the economy and tourism in this city. The airport was built with the aim of improving connectivity and suppressing development disparities in southern East Java. The purpose of this study is to plan the construction of an earthquake-resistant which is gravity retaining wall on the Grogol Kediri Highway, Kediri Regency. . Planning is carried out at STA 3.8-4.0. , soil laboratory testing on samples obtained from the studied location. Identification of the soil type, sliding angle, and weight of the soil volume at the site are needed to determine the planning of earthquake-resistant retaining walls. From the soil properties obtained, it can be determined that the land is included in the GC (Clayey Gravel) category With a shear angle of 28° and a weight of 1.463 gr/cm3. These results were used to calculate the dimensions and the stability of the retaining wall using the Coulomb method. The retaining wall should have a peak body width of 1 meter, foundation width of 3.8 meters, foundation thickness of 1 meter, foundation depth of 1.04 meters, foot and heel width of 0.9 meters, height of 6 meters, and bottom body thickness of 2 meters. Based on stability calculations, the retaining wall is safe against overturning, shifting, and subsidence. Therefore, this retaining wall is a viable solution to prevent landslides and mitigate the negative impacts caused by them
Matching of police and hospital road crash casualty records – a data-linkage study in Malaysia
No full textUnderreporting of road crashes hampers the development of appropriate road safety countermeasures in many countries. In this study, police and hospital records from road crash casualties in the Melaka Tengah district in Malaysia from 2014 were collected to determine their matching and reporting rates. Based on authentic personal identifiers from both types of records, Microsoft SQL was used to reveal how the matching rate varies due to multiple factors. The results showed that 311 cases (of 7625 hospital records) could be linked to both databases, yielding a 4.1% matching rate and a 4.7% police reporting rate. Both the reporting and matching rates increased with the level of injury severity. The significant underreporting in the police database showed that complementary data are necessary for enhancing the current official crash data records
Modelling of motorcyclists' risky behaviour at an urban T-junction using generalised linear model : An exploratory study
No full textMotorcyclists represent the greatest share of recorded traffic crashes and fatalities in Malaysia. The association between motorcyclists' behaviour and traffic conflict occurrence was assessed at a typical stop-regulated T-Junction in an urban area of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Traffic activities were filmed over four months and the behaviour of motorcyclists entering the main road from the minor road was observed from recorded video sequences. Situations ending in a traffic conflict were compared to similar interactive situations not ending with a conflict. In total, 447 sets of interactions of motorcyclists and other motorists at the T-Junction were analysed where 242 interactions ended in conflicts (three of them ended with traffic crashes). The generalised linear model with a binomial response and link logit was adopted to assess the association of motorcyclists' behavioural variables with the probability of conflict occurrence. The significant behavioural variables were classified into categories according to the statistical variation of the value they can assume in the dataset. The motorcyclist's entering angle was the most significant contributory factor in the probability of traffic conflict. The findings can be helpful in deciding on road safety countermeasures. The results could feed into the decisions of policymakers to structure the education and licensing process
Age-Inclusive Transit Environments: An Exploration of Public Transportation Systems for Elderly
No full textThe rising elderly population and rapid urban development have given rise to many interconnected challenges demanding transformative changes in the living environments to facilitate improved mobility and accessibility for the elderly. These issues encompass insufficient accessibility and infrastructure that do not cater to the needs of the elderly. This research explores the public transportation facilities in urban areas, encompassing infrastructure, services, and amenities that are accessible to the public and designed to facilitate community mobility and to identify the current facilities in public transportation and assess how effective and accessible they are for the elderly population
GREEN TIO2/ENR/PVC Nanocomposites with improved tensile strength for cable insulator / Nur Azrini Ramlee … [et al.]
No full textAddition of inorganic fillers is seen as an emerging alternative method in polymer engineering area and it practice benefits to a contribution of advancement in material development. In cable insulator application, exposure to the conditions of high temperature, heat, oxygen and sunlight caused performance of conventional polyvinyl alcohol (PVC) cable insulator to become limited due to the acceleration of ageing. Application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofillers has brought a new approach in cable insulator processing field since it has excellent characteristics including non-toxicity, long term stability and UV light discoloration resistance and they offer attractive potential for diversification and application of traditional polymeric materials. Green titanium dioxide, epoxidized natural rubber/polyvinyl chloride (TiO2/ENR/PVC) nanocomposites were prepared via direct melt-blending technique in which the approach is compatible with the current industrial process. The composites were then being exposed to the environmental friendly and sustainable electron beam irradiation prior to the polymer crosslinking. Result shows that the applied irradiation dose rate and TiO2 nanofillers loading have contributed to the overall tensile strength (Ts) performance of the green TiO2/ENR/PVC nanocomposites. In accordance to the specification for p¬¬vc insulation and electric cables (BS6746) tensile strength measurement, results have shown that at all level of irradiation dose rate from 0-200 kGy, Ts values of the TiO2/ENR/PVC nanocomposites at 6 wt % of TiO2 nanofillers loading are higher than the unmodified blends. Moreover, addition of 6 wt% of TiO2 nanofillers has shown the highest tensile strength with 6.85 MPa at 50 kGy of exposed dose rate. This result has contributed to 25.9%, which significantly higher than the unmodified blends. In comparison to the green TiO2/ENR/PVC nanocomposites with 6 wt% of TiO2 loadings, higher degree of crosslinking were obtained due to the presence of nanoparticles in the formation of crosslink in ENR/PVC blends matrix. Good distribution of TiO2 nanofillers was also observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) at high magnification of 20000x and 40000x. This is apparently an evidence to support that the preparation of these green (TiO2/ENR/PVC) nanocomposites by melt blending technique has offered good dispersion of TiO2 in the ENR/PVC blends matrices. Based on all outcomes, it is well justify that the factors including preparation via melt blending, addition of TiO2 nanofillers at low loadings, and exposure to low dose rate of crosslinking were seemed feasible to the development of an economical, green and sustainable PVC cable insulator in future
Vehicle Kilometers Traveled (VKT) for Campus Population: Case study of UiTM Main Campus
No full textVehicle kilometers traveled is the distance travel by vehicles in a specific area during a given period of time. The aim of this study is to estimate the carbon emission produced by vehicles using VKT data. This study was conducted via online questionnaire survey. The findings have shown the VKT of UiTM campus population are in the range of 0.6 to 3.7 km/day and the highest mode of transportation used by students and staff are private vehicles which contribute 85.01 kgCO2 for a week's trip
